Transcript Document 7461858

CR
RC
Caucasus Research Resource Centers (CRRC)-Armenia
Migration and Remittances:
Data from CRRC DI Surveys
Heghine Manasyan
Arsen Aslanyan
Yerevan
April 29, 2008
[email protected]
1
DI-2007. Introduction
• Focused on Demography, Education, Employment, Migration,
Health, Social Institutions, Social Capital, Politics, Crime, and
Economic Condition;
• Multistage cluster sampling with three disaggregated
populations: capital city, other cities, and rural;
• Annual surveys starting from year 2004;
• DI 2007 survey:
• 8,053 households (and approximately the same number of
individuals) were surveyed in the South Caucasus countries:
 2,514 in Armenia
 2,148 in Azerbaijan
 3,391 in Georgia
2
Survey Instrument
• The survey instrument – questionnaire was developed by the
teams of researchers from three SC countries, and it has
been revised year after year.
• As the survey gathers information about household
characteristics (household size, socio-demographics of
household members, economic status/conditions, as well
information on current/past migrant members) and
individuals sampled within those households (their
employment, education, health, political views, social capital,
etc.), in 2007 the questionnaire had significant changes with
the introduction of new questions and elimination of some
ineffective questions, and it was split into two parts individual and household questionnaires to be easy to
administer them.
• The average time for completing either household or
individual interview was about 30 minutes.
3
Main changes made in the “Migration” block of the
Questions in 2004-2007
• The term “Migration” also referred to internal migration during DI
2007 survey;
• The period of migration was changed from “during past 3 years” to
“since 1991;”
• The questions on migration reasons, employment status and
employment spheres during migration were removed in 2007;
• The questions on remittances and their importance were added in
2007.
4
The DI 2004-2007 Survey Samples
5
Data from DI 2006 survey
6
Migration 2006: Reasons for leaving the home country
(% of total migrants aged 16 and higher)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
14
4
Other reasons
20
21
29
50%
40%
30%
57
69
79
Could not get a job
corresponding to
his/her qualifications
Money s/he was
earning was not
enough for the HH
20%
10%
0%
Yerevan
Other cities
Rural
Was unable to get a
job
Armenia
7
Migration 2006: Occupation of migrants before and during migration
(% of total migrants aged 16 and higher)
100%
5
5
80%
6
5
4
3
8
11
3
Other
12
23
40
11
Student
46
49
60%
63
40%
20%
15
37
19
74
13
15
8
24
12
8
14
12
7
0%
Before After
Armenia
5
5
Before After
Azerbaijan
5
26
Before After
Georgia
Unemployed and
looking for work
Self-employed, without
employees
Employee in state
organization/company/
enterprise
Employee in private
organization/company/
enterprise
8
Data from DI 2007 survey
9
Return Migrants:
Household members who have
been abroad for more than 3
months during 1991-2007 and
returned home
10
Share of households who have had former (return)
migrants (those who have left their household residence since
1991 to live elsewhere for a period longer than three months and
returned home)
(% of HHs, year 2007)
20
17
17
18
15
11
Armenia
Azerbaijan
8
7
7
7
Other
urban
Rural
All
country
All
country
Rural
Other
urban
Baku
All
country
Rural
Other
urban
Yerevan
6
Tbilisi
10
Georgia
11
Return Migration: % of household members who have
been abroad for more than 3 months during 1991-2007
and returned home
7.0%
5.5%
3.6%
Yerevan
Other
urban
Armenia
Rural
1.0%
1.2%
1.4%
Baku
Other
urban
Rural
Azerbaijan
2.0%
1.8%
Tbilisi
Other
urban
1.3%
Rural
Georgia
12
Migration: Destination countries for those who have been
abroad for more than 3 months during 1991-2007 and
returned home
8
4
9
4
18
18
Other foreign country
/ Different region.
7
Western Europe.
25
85
69
49
Former Soviet
Union, excluding
Russia.
Russia.
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
13
Share of former/return migrants who financially supported
their HHs
84%
76%
66%
Studied abroad
52%
Worked abroad
26%
19%
11%
9%
Neither studied nor
worked abroad
0%
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
14
How long did the former migrants stay abroad?
(% of total)
100%
19
80%
22
60%
16
16
17
16
26
40%
23
24
23
17
Armenia
Azerbaijan
2-4 years
15
1-2 years
17
6 -12 months
3-6 months
20%
21
4 years and more
27
0%
Georgia
15
Current Migrants:
Household members who have
left their households (either
permanently or temporarily) for
more than 3 months since 1991
but have not returned home.
16
Share of HHs having at least one member abroad as of
October 2007
15%
11%
9%
7%
3%
3%
Yerevan
Other
urban
Armenia
Rural
Baku
7%
6%
Other
urban
Azerbaijan
Rural
Tbilisi
3%
Other
urban
Rural
Georgia
17
N of Current Migrants per 100 HHs
(October 2007)
Rural
Other urban
Capital
34
29
23
14
7
Arm enia
8
8
Azerbaijan
9
6
Georgia
18
Year of last Emigration for Armenian Migrants (% of all current
migrants)
68.6
10.5
19.5
1.1
0.3
<1990
1991-1995
1996-2000
2001-2007
Unknow n
19
Destination Countries for Armenian Migrants (% of all migrants)
74
8
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20
How the Migrants Support their HHs Back Home?
(% of all)
No support
19
47
46
Non-monetary
support only
43
32
40
36
21
13
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Monetary support
only
Both monetary
and non-monetary
support
Georgia
21
“How important are contributions received from the
household members currently living abroad to your
household’s well-being?”
55
44
40
30
29
28
22
9
5
Armenia
Vital
Important
3
Azerbaijan
Moderately important
11
7
Georgia
Not very important
22
Importance of Remitances received from Current Migrants for
Armenian HHs (%)
3
11
29
4
8
9
6
27
32
Not very important
Moderately important
Important
Vital
55
58
Rural
Other urban
53
Capital
23
How often do Armenian Migrants Support their HHs Back
Home?
(% of all)
12
24
At least once a month
7
Approximately every 2-3
months
Approximately every 4-6
months
15
Less frequently than every
4-6 months
Irregularly/Difficult to say
43
24
How do the migrants send money back home? (%)
47
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
23
38
39
30
23
59
42
25
8 2
22
9
9
11
Money Transfer Organizations
Bank transfer
Through friends /acquaintances/ relatives.
Brought personally by HH member
Through courier / bus driver / agent.
25
How did the HHs spend money received from their migrant
members? (%)
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
91
87
55
65
86
45
26
18
25
17
9 15
20
64
23
8
9 64
Food
Clothing
Education
Medical care
Housing construction / Renovation
Savings
Other
26
Does HH share remittances received from their migrant HH
members? (%)
88
83
87
No
Yes
12
17
13
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
27
What share of those remittances did Armenian HHs share
with other HHs? (%)
3
3
16
25% and less
26% - 50%
51% - 75%
76% - 100%
78
28
Want to learn more?
•
•
•
•
Visit www.crrccenters.org - > Data Initiative
Project to find:
Survey datasets (in SPSS format)
Questionnaires and show cards (in 4
languages)
Survey methodology document
SPSS online crash course
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30
Other Migration/Remittances Surveys
By CRRC-Armenia: “Profile of potential labor migrants”, needs
assessment pilot survey conducted in February 2007 for IOM in
Yerevan, Shirak, Lori and Syunik Marzes (300 HHs);
By EDRC: “Remittances of International Migrants and Poverty
in Armenia”, countrywide survey conducted in 3000 HHs for ADB at
the beginning of 2007;
By ICHD: “Remittances of International Migrants and the Financial
Sector in Armenia”, a survey of 300 remittance recipients in Yerevan,
Gyumri and Vandazor;
By APC LLC: a survey conducted for the CBA in 2005 in 2000
remittance receiving HHs in Armenia and 2000 remittance sending
HHs in Moscow to estimate Money transfers during 2003-2005;
By NSS: Integrated Living Conditions Surveys (starting from 2004)
and “2005 Survey on estimating cash remittances received by
Armenian households from foreign countries”;
Etc, etc
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