Transcript Greek Tragedy Origins: Between the 6th century and the 5th century The

Greek Tragedy
• Origins: Between the 6th century and the 5th century
B.C.
• Context: concern with explaining evil
• The tragedy sees evil as a part of human nature,
which
– Partakes and aspires to the Divine (but also)
– Destroys the Divine
– Evil results from cosmic violence.
• Curses/Fate/Oracle
But the tragedy also introduces also the notion of responsibility
-Good and bad appear to be accidental, however innocence
does not eliminate responsibility.
We are both determined by the past and active agents of our life
in the Polis (Polis  Universe).
Sophocles’ “Theban Plays”
• General, priest, member of Athenian government
• Contests. Sophocles began by defeating Aeschylus.
• Antigone (written 442-441 B.C.)
• Oedipus the King (written circa 427 B.C.)
• Oedipus at Colonus (written 405 B.C.)
• Logical sequence:
– Oedipus the King,
– Oedipus at Colona,
– Antigone (one of the four children King Oedipus had with his
wife/mother Jocasta. Cursed genealogy).
Creon:
“…I here proclaim to the citizens about Oedipus’ sons. For
Eteocles, who died this city’s champion, showing his valor’s
supremacy everywhere, he shall be buried in his grave with every
rite of sanctity given to heroes under earth.
However, his brother, Polyneices, a returned exile, who sought to
burn with fire from top to bottom his native city, and the gods of his
own people; who sought to taste the blood he shared with us, and
lead the rest of us to slavery—I here proclaim to the city that this
man shall no one honor with a grave and none shall mourn.
You shall leave him without burial; you shall watched him chewed
up by birds and dogs and violated.
Such is my mind in the matter; never by me shall the wicked man
have precedence in honor over the just. But he that is loyal to the
state in death, in life alike, shall have my honor.”
Antigone:
“…it was not Zeus that made the proclamation; nor did
Justice, which lives with those below, enact such laws as
that, for mankind. I did not believe your proclamation had
such power to enable one who will someday die to override
God’s ordinances, unwritten and secure.
They are not of today and yesterday; they live forever; none
knows when first they were. These are the laws whose
penalties I would not incur from the gods, through fear of any
man’s temper.”
Or
Creon
Antigone
Law of the City
Divine Law
Moral Order: human law. Ethical order: law that
makes individuals into
humans
Concern with the earthly Concern with a
order, with politics.
trascendent order (that
has political
consequences)
Patriarchy
Women’s power
• Antigone
What is Destiny? How do power and fate
relate to each other?
What is tragic about tragedy?
What do Creon and Antigone respectively
highlight and overlook about power?
Who is right and who is wrong? Or,
rather, how are they right and wrong?
(Whose side would you take?)
Who is more democratic? Why?
Greek Tragedy
• Multiple voices, all of them necessary to discover the truth.
• The truth lies hidden and broken into pieces (puzzle). Foucault
on Oedipus.
• As in life, both the beginning and the end are previously known;
the crucial difference lies in the trajectory.
• Dilemmas between truth, power, and duty (Oedipus, Creon)
• Paradoxes:
– Power makes us blind.
– Blindness allows us to see further (Tiresias)
– Proximity between salvation and destruction.
Nietzsche concludes that...
• “Understanding kills action, action
depends on a veil of illusion (…) True
understanding, insight into the terrible
truth, outweighs every motive for
action, for Hamlet and Dionysiac man
alike.”