Transcript Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP) Boštjan Müller Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom

Osnove podpore MS namiznim
sistemom (XP)
Boštjan Müller
Ljubljana, 10.03.2006
[email protected]
Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom
(XP)
Chapter 1
Installing a Windows Desktop
Operating System
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Hardware Requirements
Minimum
•Processor
●
Pentium II 233Mhz
•Memory
●
64 MB
•Disk space
●
1.5 GB free space
•Network
●
None
•Display
●
VGA
•CD-ROM/DVD
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Recommended
•Processor
●
Pentium II 300Mhz
•Memory
●
128 MB
•Disk space
●
2 GB free space
•Network
●
Network Card
•Display
●
SVGA
•CD-ROM/DVD
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Checking Hardware and Software
Compatibility
• Check Hardware Compatibility at:
●
●
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/default.mspx
Windows Catalog: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog
• BIOS Compatibility
●
●
●
ACPI support (F7 option at boot)
update to latest BIOS firmware
disable antivirus
• Drivers
●
●
suitable drivers for HDD controllers if not
supported by operating system
F6 at boot
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Partitioning Disk Space
•
•
•
•
Create a new partition on unpartitioned hard disk
Create a new partition on a partitioned hard disk
Install on an existing partition
Delete an existing partition to make disk space available
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System and Boot Partitions
• System Partition
●
Contains Boot Loader (NTLDR)
●
Contains Boot Sector
• Boot Partition
●
●
Contains Windows XP operating system files
(\windows)
Recommended size is at least 2GB free space
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Using Remote Installation Services (RIS)
• Ris Server Requirements
●
●
●
Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 Server (member or
Domain Controller)
Pentium 133 or higher , 128 MB ram minimum, NIC
at least two partitions, one for the operating system
and one RIS
●
TCP/IP
●
DHCP
●
DNS
●
Active Directory (AD)
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Troubleshooting Installation
• Common Installation Problems
●
media errors
●
insufficient disk space
●
not enough memory
●
not enough processing power
●
hardware that is not on the HCL
●
hardware with no driver support
●
hardware that is not configured properly
●
incorrect CD key
●
failure to access TCP/IP network resources
●
failure to connect to a domain controller when joining a
domain
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Troubleshooting Installation
• Log Files
●
Action log contains actions performed during
setup
❍
●
\Windir\setupact.log
Error log contains errors that occured during
setup
❍
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\Windir\setuperr.log
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Supporting Multiple-Boot Options
• The first partition must have a file system that is
supported by all operating systems
• You can multiboot between Dos, Windows 9x, NT, 2000,
XP, 2003
• It is recommended that each operating system is on its
own partition
• It is recommended that Windows NT 4.0 has at least
Service Pack 4 installed
• It is recommended that Windows XP is the last operating
system installed
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Chapter 2
Managing and Troubleshooting Access
to Resources
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Managing Local Access
• Applying NTFS Permissions
●
NTFS Permissions are cumulative
●
Deny overrides allow permissions
●
5 levels of permissions:
❍
Full Control
❍
Modify
❍
Read & Execute
❍
List Folder Contents
❍
Read
❍
Write
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Managing Local Access
• Applying NTFS Permissions (CACLS)
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Managing Local Access
• Controlling Permission Inheritance
●
Inherit from Parent
●
Replace permission entries
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Managing Local Access
• Ownership
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Managing Local Access
• Determining Effective Permissions
• Viewing Effective Permissions
(CACLS)
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Managing Local Access
• NTFS Permissions for Copied or
Moved Files
●
●
●
●
Move on the same volume/partition retains
original NTFS permissions
Move between different volumes/partitions
inherits NTFS permissions from
destination
Copy always inherits NTFS permissions
from destination
Copy/Move to FAT will not retain NTFS
permissions
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Managing Network Access
• Creating Shared Folders
●
Share Name
●
Comment
●
User Limit
●
Permissions
●
Caching
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Managing Network Access
• Creating Shared Folders
●
Only folders and printers can be shared
●
Share permissions apply to folders
●
●
●
●
Share permissions apply to network
access only
A copied/moved shared folder is not
shared
creat a hidden share by adding a $ at the
end
net share
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Managing Network Access
• Configuring Share Permissions
●
Full Control, Change, Read
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The Flow of Resource Access
• Local and Network Access
●
The most restrictive access applies when combining
Share permissions and NTFS permissions
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Managing Printing
• Printing Basics
●
Printer
●
Print Device
●
Print Server
●
Print Spooler
●
Printer pool
●
Printer driver
●
Physical port
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Managing Printing
• The Windows XP Printing Process
• The Roles of Print Devices and Printers
●
One printer per print device
●
One printer – multiple print devices (printer pooling)
●
Multiple printers – single print device
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Managing Printing
• Setting Up Printers
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Managing Printing
• Security
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Print server properties
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File and Folder Management Basics
• Managing File and Folder Options
●
Offline Folder Options
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File and Folder Management Basics
• Managing File and Folder Options
●
Manually synchronizing and offline folder
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File and Folder Management Basics
• Managing File and Folder Options
●
Making files and folders available
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File and Folder Management Basics
• Managing File and Folder Options
●
Preventing a Folder from Being Accessed
Offline
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Chapter 3
Configuring and Troubleshooting
Hardware Devices and Drivers
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Configuring Disk Storage
• Basic Storage
C:
Primary
partitions
C:
D:
D:
E:
E:
F:
F:
G:
H:
Up to four
primary partitions
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-OR-
Extended
partition with
logical drives
Up to three primary partitions
and one extended partition
with logical drives
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Configuring Disk Storage
• Dynamic Storage
●
●
●
●
No limits on number of volumes
Supports simple volumes, spanned
volumes, striped volumes
Upgraded from basic disk
Supported by Windows 2000, XP and
2003
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Configuring Disk Storage
• Dynamic Storage
●
Simple Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage
• Dynamic Storage
●
Spanned Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage
• Dynamic Storage
●
Striped Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage
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Display Properties
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DirectX Diagnostic Tool
• Start->Run->msinfo32.exe -> Tools -> DirectX
Diagnostic Tool
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Configuring Power Management Options
for Mobile Computing
• Selecting a Power Scheme
• Using Power-Saving Options
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Selecting a Power SchemeA power scheme is a
collection of settings
that manage a computer’s
power usage
Select a power
scheme
Select a time to hibernate
the computer
automatically
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Using Power-Saving Options - Standby
• Standby
●
●
●
For short periods of non-use
The monitor and hard disks turn off
automatically
Operating system continues to run in a
low-power state
ZZZzzz
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Using Power-Saving Options - Standby
• Hibernation
●
For extended periods of non-use
●
The desktop is saved to hard disk
●
The monitor and hard disks turn off automatically
●
System shuts down
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Managing I/O Devices
• Configuring the Keyboard
• Configuring the Mouse
• Configuring Wireless Devices
• Configuring USB Devices
• Managing Processors (Uni – Multi)
• Configuring Fax support
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Managing Multiple Hardware Profiles
• Hardware profile contains all of the settings for a
Computer
• Multiple hardware profiles are used when a
computer uses different devices at different
locations
• You can enable/disable devices and services
profiles
• Can be created in Start -> Control Panel ->
Performance and Maintenance -> System
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Updating Drivers
To Update a Driver
Start the Device Manager
Open the Properties of device to update
Run the Update Device Driver Wizard
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Driver Rollback
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Chapter 4
Configuring and Troubleshooting the
Desktop and User Environments
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Customizing the Taskbar
Taskbar
Quick Launch
Notification Area
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Customizing the Start Menu
User
Pinned
Programs
Standard
Folders
Recently
used
programs
Control
Panel
Default
Utilities
All
Programs
menu
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Configuring Accessibility Options
The Accessibility Wizard Can Help You Configure
Accessibility Options, Including:
• FilterKeys
• MouseKeys
• StickyKeys
• SerialKeys
• ToggleKeys
• High Contrast
• SoundSentry
• Magnifier
• ShowSounds
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Configuring Regional Options
• Changing Time, Date, Number, and Currency
Formats
• Changing Keyboard Layout
• Adding a Language
• Switching to a Different Language
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory
• Active Directory Overview
●
●
●
Hierarchical structure
Domains
Organizational Units
• GPO Inheritance
●
1.
2.
3.
4.
●
●
Order of Application
Local computer
Site (group of domains)
Domain
Organizational Unit
No Override
Block Inheritance
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory
• Using the Group Policy Result Tool
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory
• Applying LGPOs
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Working with User Accounts
• Computer Management
• Local Users and Groups (MMC)
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Creating New Users
• Only Administrators and Power Users
• Username Rules and Conventions
●
between 1 to 20 characters
●
must be unique
●
cannot contain */\[]:;|=,+?<>”
• Security Identifiers
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Troubleshooting User Accounts Authentication
• Local User Accounts
●
Incorrect username, incorrect password, prohibitive user
rights, disabled or deleted account, domain account logon
• Domain User Accounts
●
Incorrect username, incorrect password, prohibitive user
rights, disabled or deleted account, local account logon,
computer is not part of domain, unavailable Domain
Controller/DNS/Global Catalog
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Using System Monitor
• Select appropriate view
●
Chart, Histogram, Report
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Using Task Manager
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Using Task Manager
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Using System Monitor
• Administrative tools -> Performance
MMC -> ActiveX control -> System Monitor
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Using System Monitor
• Select appropriate view
●
Chart, Histogram, Report
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Using System Monitor
• Adding counters
●
Choose computer
●
Choose performance object
●
Choose counter
●
Choose instance
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Chapter 5
Troubleshooting Network Protocols and
Services
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol
●
Benefits
●
Features
●
Basics of IP Addressing and Configuration
❍
IP Address
❍
Subnet Mask
❍
Default Gateway
❍
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
❍
Domain Name System (DNS) servers
❍
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) servers
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TCP/IP properties
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations
●
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)
❍
- client does not receive an address from DHCP
❍
- client chooses an IP address from the following range
❍
❍
-
●
169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254 mask 255.255.0.0
- verifies that it is not in use
continues to check for the presence of a DHCP server
5 minutes
every
Disable APIPA in registry
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
IPAutoconfigurationEnabled=0
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations
●
Using Alternate IP Configuration
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Using an Internet Connection Firewall
(ICF)
• ICF is a stateful firewall
• Should only be used if connected directly to the Internet
• Do not use with VPN and on the internal connection of a
ICS host
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ipconfig
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Testing IP Configuration
●
IPCONFIG
❍
/all
❍
/release
❍
/renew
❍
/flushdns
❍
/registerdns
❍
/showclassid
❍
/setclassid
• PING
• NBTSTAT
• PATHPING
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Testing IP Configuration
●
Local Area Connection Status
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol
●
●
DNS
❍
resolves hostnames to IP addresses
❍
resolves IP addresses to hostnames
❍
alternative is a HOSTS file
WINS
❍
resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses
❍
resolves IP addresses to NetBIOS names
❍
alternative is LMHOSTS file or broadcast
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Overview of Network Protocols
• Understanding TCP/IP Name
Resolution
●
DNS
●
NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)
●
WINS
●
HOSTS or LMHOSTS files
●
Subnet Broadcasts
• Using Multiple IP Addresses
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Using the New Connection Wizard
• Use the New Connetion Wizard to
implement remote connections
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Setting Up a Modem
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Using Virtual Private Connections
• Windows XP can be a VPN client
• Windows XP can also be a VPN server
●
limited to 1 connection only
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New Virtual Private Network connection
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Using Virtual Private Connections
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Configuring and Managing Internet
Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet
Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet
Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet
Explorer
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Using Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance
• Remote Desktop
• Remote Assistance
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Remote Assistance
• Start -> Help and Support -> Invite a friend to connect to your computer
with Remote Assistance -> Invite someone to help you
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