Transcript Diseases Associated with Adolescence

Diseases Associated with
Adolescence
Normal Adolescence
•Time of major physiologic, psychological, and
sociologic changes
•Begins with development of secondary sex
characteristics (~11 yrs)
•Ends when growth is completed (~18 yrs)
• = puberty
• Caused by changes in hormonal activity
– Hypothalamus and pituitary
• Pituitary gland releases gonadotropins
–Stimulate the ovaries (gonads) to release
ova, estrogen, and progesterone for
females
–Stimulate the testes (gonads) to produce
sperm and testosterone (androgen)
»Increased muscle mass
Characteristics of normal
Adolescence
• Linear growth should occur (growth spurt)
– Most growth abnormalities will be seen prior
to adolescence, but can be confirmed by
looking at the epiphyseal plates
• Growth does not occur simultaneously:
• 1st = limbs
– 2nd = hip and shoulders
– Lastly = skeletal and muscle mass
– “awkward” appearance
Requirements for normal
adolescence
• Adequate vitamin D and calcium (cones)
• Adequate Protein (muscle)
• Unfortunately, this is usually the most erratic
dieting time
– Obesity and children on the rise
• Doubled since 1980
• Increased type 2 diabetes, bp, cholesterol, psychological
problems
• BMI should be monitored if excessive weight gain is noticed
Other normal changes during
adolescence
• In females: breast development,
menarche(menstruation), fatty adipose
deposits in hips and thighs
• In males: appearance of facial and chest
hair, broadened chest, lower-pitched voice
as larynx enlarges
• In both: increased sweat production, oil
production of sebaceous glands
Other physiologic changes:
• Increased strength of heart contraction
• Lower pulse rate
• Cardiovascular and pulmonary functions
reach adult values
• Declining metabolic rate
Group Time!
• Each group will get an abnormality
– Musculoskeletal
• Kyphosis and Lordosis (1)
• Scoliosis and osteomyelitis (2)
– Eating (3)
– Skin(4)
– Infection (5)
– Disorders affecting sexual development (6)