Transcript Document 7418240

WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous
Materials Information System
Unit 1
Hazardous Chemicals
Let’s Do an Experiment…

Let’s take two safe chemicals and mix them
together.



Potassium permanganate
Glycerin
Both of these are available at any
pharmacy.
Reasons for WHMIS



Designed after the US model called the
“Right to Know” law.
Conveys knowledge of hazardous
chemicals to workers who use them in
their jobs.
Designed to reduce injuries and time lost
due to exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Some Hazardous Chemicals…


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Undercoats & Topcoats
Hardeners
Buffing Compounds
Cleaners
Solvents
Body fillers
Welding gases
Adhesives
Overexposure Effects

Acute Exposure




Burns
Dizziness
Nausea
Coughing

Chronic Exposure


Nerve Damage
Lung Scarring
Hazardous Materials
Categories



Irritants
Corrosives
Toxins


Carcinogens


Poisons
Chemicals that cause
cancer
Allergenics

Chemicals that cause
an allergic reaction
Lung Irritants

Chemicals that affect the:



Lungs and nasal passages
Skin
Eyes
Upper Respiratory Irritants



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
Affect the nose and throat
Dissolved by water
Normally not life-threatening
Can make breathing difficult after long
exposure
Found in:

Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag
deployment)
Middle Respiratory Irritants





Cause coughing and wheezing
Partially dissolved by water
Normally not life-threatening
Can make breathing difficult after long
exposure
Found in:

Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag
deployment)
Lower Respiratory Irritants




Travel deep into the lung
Not dissolved by water
Can be life-threatening
Found in:

Adhesives, rubberized undercoatings, paints
that contain isocyanates
Irritant Reaction



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Itching
Burning
Rashes
Found in:

Epoxy repair materials,
plastic bonding
adhesives,
undercoatings,
cleaners, hardeners
and reducers, body
fillers
Corrosive Materials



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Can cause skin burns and respiratory
problems
Are found in many cleaning products and
metal preparation materials
Are either highly acidic or highly alkaline
Examples include:

Paint strippers, prep solvents, wire wheel
cleaners, sulphuric acid in batteries, oxalic
acid, full-strength degreasers
Nervous System Effects


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Dizziness
Headaches
Nausea
Blurred vision
Poor coordination
Nervous System Depression

Ingredients that cause central nervous
system depression include:


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Benzene
Toluene
Xylene
These chemicals are added as thinning
agents, allowing the product to be sprayed
or flow easier.
Toxins

Toxins can be broken down into:

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Mild neurotoxins
Liver toxins
Reproductive toxins
Blood toxins
Mild Toxins

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
Mild neurotoxins cause central nervous
system depression and destroy nerve
endings.
The effects of this condition are similar to
drinking too much alcohol.
Effects include:

Dizziness, headaches, nausea, blurred vision,
poor coordination
Liver Toxin Exposure

Exposure to liver toxins comes from
breathing vapors while:
Liver Toxin Chemicals

Examples include:


Toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, lead
chromates, nickel compounds, methylene
chloride.
Found in some:


Urethane enamels
Adhesives
Reproductive Toxins



May cause birth defects
Birth defects can vary from minor to severe
Materials that may contain reproductive
toxins include:



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Products containing toluene
Gasoline
Products containing lead compounds
Acrylic lacquers
Urethane enamels
Blood Toxins

Destroy or deform red blood cells

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Red blood cells carry oxygen through the blood
stream. Destroying or deforming red blood
cells reduces the amount of oxygen being
carried through the blood stream
Overexposure may cause difficult breathing
or loss of consciousness
Materials that may contain blood toxins
include:

Some aerosol cleaners and enamel clear coats
Carcinogens

Examples of carcinogenic materials
include:
Allergens

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May cause people to react to certain
chemicals.
Normally do not cause a reaction when
first exposed. The reaction starts with the
second exposure.
Each person will have a different reaction
to different materials.
Some materials contain chemicals that are
more likely to cause reactions than others.
Examples of allergens
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Acrylic sealers
Adhesives
Sealers
Epoxy resins
Clear coats
Hardeners
Activators
Routes of Entry

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Breathing
Swallowing
Absorption through skin
Injection through skin
Breathing Hazardous Materials
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Most common way of entering the body.
Starts when products being mixed, poured,
or used, give off vapors or dust particles.
Causes them to collect in the lungs and be
absorbed into the blood stream.
Can be prevented by wearing a proper
respirator.
Respirators
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Used to protect against:
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Grinding and sanding dust
Undercoating and rust proofing mists
Paint sprays
Asbestos
Welding fumes
Glass fibers
Types of Respirators
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Dust respirators
Air-purifying respirators
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Fume respirators
Vapor respirators
Combination fume and vapor respirator
Fresh-air supplied respirator
Dust Respirators
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
Generally used for dust that is non-toxic.
Should not be used for fumes or chemical
vapors.
Should only be used if approved by NIOSH.
Air-purifying Respirators


Used when working with products that
produce vapors, toxic dusts, asbestos,
fumes, etc.
Consist of a filter media, activated
charcoal, or a combination of both.
Vapor Filters


Have an absorbent material, usually
activated carbon, contained in a cartridge.
Do not provide any protection from
welding fumes.
Fume Filters


Made of layers of filter material.
Do not provide any protection from
chemical vapors.
Combination Filters

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Combine a charcoal cartridge with a
particle pre-filter.
Provide protection from both chemical
vapors and welding fumes.
Choosing the Proper Respirator

Cartridge-type filters are color coded to
indicate the type of material each is
designed to filter.

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Black color code is designed to protect against
organic vapors.
Orange color code is designed to protect
against dust, fumes, and mists.
Purple color code is designed to protect
against fumes generated during welding
operations.
NIOSH Classifications


National Institute For Occupational Safety
And Health
Identifies a series of 3 particulate filters:

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100-rated filters (99.97% efficiency). This
filter offers similar protection to HEPA filters.
99-rated filters (99% efficiency).
95-rated filters (95% efficiency).
Divided in to 3 categories:

‘N’ for non-oil resistant, ‘R’ for oil resistant, ‘P’
for oil proof.
Cartridge-type Respirators
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Must be regularly cleaned and disinfected.
Must be properly maintained:
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Check for cracks, tears, or holes before use.
Replace clogged particle filters.
Replace vapor cartridges if contaminates can
be smelled or tasted. If the respirator is
disposable, throw it away.
Effects of Welding Fumes
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Welding requires wearing a welding fume
respirator.
Failure to wear a respirator could result in
a sickness characterized by:
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Sore throat
Fever
Chills
Nausea
Headaches
Effects of Welding Fumes
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These symptoms will usually occur within
4-8 hours of exposure and can last as long
as 24 hours.
Fumes which can result in fume fever
include:

Zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, copper,
cadmium, chromium, and lead.
Effects of Welding Fumes

Long-term exposure to these fumes may
cause such illnesses as:
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Cancer of the kidneys, larynx, or urinary tract.
Diseases of the heart, blood, stomach, and
intestines.
Skin sensitivity, hearing loss, or eye problems.
Birth defects.
Fit-testing Respirators

To fit-test a respirator:
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Fasten the respirator around your head and neck.
Make sure the fit is snug, but not too tight.
Check the fit by covering the exhalation valve and
gently exhaling. There should be a slight
pressure inside the respirator without leaking at
the seal.
With cartridge-type respirators, cover the
cartridges with your hands and inhale gently until
the respirator collapses slightly.
Hold your breath. The respirator should stay
slightly collapsed and not leak from the sides.
Air-supplied Respirators
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Must be able to supply Grade ‘D’ breathing
air.
Should be worn whenever using products
containing isocyanates.
Must be used when abrasive-blasting with
silica sand.
Can be supplied with air from the shop
compressor or an air pump.
Using Compressor Air

To ensure Grade ‘D’ air from a shop
compressor, a 3-stage filter is generally
used:

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Bulk liquids and visible particles (stage 1)
Particles and liquid droplets larger than .01
microns (stage 2)
Hydrocarbons and odors from the compressed
air (stage 3)
Full-face Coverage

Since isocyanates can enter the body
through the eyes, a hood or full-face mask
is recommended. Safety glasses do not
offer enough protection for painters.
General Respirator Rules
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Must be NIOSH approved.
Employees must be trained on their use.
May not be altered in any way.
Must be stored in a location that prevents
deformation of the face piece and
exhalation valve and protects them from:
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Dust, sunlight, extreme temperatures,
excessive moisture, and damaging chemicals.
Ingesting Hazardous Chemicals
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Swallowing is the second most common
way hazardous materials enter the body.
Ingestion can occur by:
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Not washing before eating.
Eating or drinking in an area where hazardous
materials are used.
Biting fingernails.
Touching the mouth while coughing or sneezing.
Smoking after handling hazardous materials.
Preventing Hazardous Ingestion

To prevent ingesting
hazardous materials:
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Wear gloves when handling
hazardous materials.
Wash hands after any
contact with hazardous
materials.
Keep hands away from the
face.
Eat and smoke only in
designated areas.
Absorption Through Skin

Hazardous materials can be absorbed
through the skin. Skin is porous, like a
sponge.
Skin Cutaway
Absorption Through Skin
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Absorption occurs by:
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Skin contact, such as picking up a solventsoaked cloth.
Washing hands with gasoline or other solvent.
Floor cleaning materials splashing into shoes.
Always wear protective equipment such as:
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Gloves
Aprons
Boots
Absorption Through Eyes
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Hazardous materials
can also enter eyes
through exposure to
hazardous:
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Vapors
Dust
Spills
Wear safety goggles
to help prevent eye
exposure.
Injection in Skin

Hazardous material can enter the body
through injection. This can be caused by a
material:



Entering through a broken cut or a skin rash.
Being forced through the skin by air tools or
cleaning equipment.
Prevent injection by:
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Covering and protecting open cuts or sores.
Following recommended safety procedures when
working with tools and cleaning equipment.
Review Question #1
Technician A says that lethal exposure to hazardous
materials can occur from biting fingernails or not
washing before eating. Technician B says that lethal
exposure can occur from breathing the vapors or dust
of a hazardous material. Who is right?

A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
Review Question #2
Technician A says that overexposure effects are
classified as either acute or chronic. Technician B says
that acute exposure is repeated exposure over a long
time and chronic exposure is a one-time sudden, high
exposure to a chemical. Who is right?

A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
Review Question #3
Technician A says a supplied air respirator should
always be worn whenever painting for proper protection
against isocyanates. Technician B says any respirator
will provide adequate protection against welding fumes
as long as it is approved by both NIOSH and MSHA and
properly maintained. Who is right?

A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
Review Question #4

The most harmful type of lung irritant is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Upper respiratory irritant
Middle respiratory irritant
Lower respiratory irritant
None of the above
Review Question #5

Hazardous materials can enter the body by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Swallowing the material
Absorbing the material through the skin
Injecting the material into the skin
All of the above
Product Labels
Unit 2
Product Labels

All materials in the
workplace are
required to have a
label. Labels are an
important source of
information that may
include:


The name of the
material
Part number
Product Labels (Cont’d)


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
Possible hazards when using the material
Hazard symbols
A statement that the MSDS is available
How to safely handle the material Suggestions
for first aid treatment
The manufacturer’s name, address, and
emergency telephone number
The intended use of the product
Minimum Label Requirements

Labels for hazardous materials are required
to provide:



A product
identifier or
name.
Hazard warnings.
A statement that
the MSDS is
available.
What If There Is No Label?



Do not handle the product.
Determine the nature of the material from
the shop manager.
Place a label on the container once the
material has been identified.
Hazard Symbols

Hazard symbols on product labels are in
picture form so they can be read in any
language. The symbols show an
immediate hazard warning about the
contents of the container. Examples are:




Cylinder
Flame
Skull and crossbones inside a circle
Hand being corroded by a chemical
Compressed Gasses

White cylinder on a green background
Flammable and Combustible

Flame on a red background
Oxidizing Material

Flame over a circle on a yellow background
Immediate Toxic Effects


Causes immediate and serious (acute) toxic
effects
Skull and crossbones on a white
background
Other Toxic Effects


Causes other toxic effects.
Letter ‘T’ with a dot below it.
Biohazardous Materials

Four overlapping circles.
Corrosive Materials

Hand and piece of material being corroded by
a liquid.
Dangerously Reactive Materials

Letter ‘R’ with a test tube in the middle.
Types of Labels

There are 3 types of labels commonly used
for identifying hazardous materials. These
are:



Supplier labels
Workplace labels
“Other Means” of identification labels
Supplier Labels

Must contain:







Product name
Supplier identifier
Statement of MSDS
availability
Hazard symbols
Handling, use & storage
instructions
First aid measures
Risk phrases explaining
possible dangers of the
material
Risk Phrases

Examples of risk
phrases:







Explosive
Flammable
Lung irritant
Causes burns
May cause birth defects
Reacts violently with
water
May cause cancer
Container Label Requirements

The supplier does not
have to label:



An inner container if the
outer container is properly
labeled and the workplace
agrees to apply labels to
the inner container.
The package liner of a
hazardous material.
The outer container if the
inner container label can
be seen and read through
the outer container.
Limited Vs. Detailed Label

Supplier labels can be either detailed or
basic depending on the size of the
containers as long as the minimum
requirements are met.
Workplace Labels

Labels created and attached in the
workplace.

Usually a result of pouring material into a
smaller container.


Example of mixing paint using a mixing system
Only 3 items required on the label:



Product identifier
Hazard warning information
Reference to MSDS
Workplace Label Format

Can be a premade format
or something
as simple as
masking tape.
Personal Protection Symbols

Some workplace labels include personal
protection symbols that can be checked.
Code Symbols


Some workplace labels may also have a
system of codes to show the level of
certain elements in a hazardous material.
The system measures:




Health hazards
Flammability
Reactivity
Personal protection required
Code Symbols


Code system has 5 numbers (0-4).
The higher the number, the higher the
danger level.





0
1
2
3
4
is
is
is
is
is
very low danger
slightly dangerous
moderately dangerous
seriously dangerous
severely dangerous
Code Symbols

For example, a material with a:




Flammability of 0 is not likely to catch fire.
Flammability of 4 will catch fire very easily.
Health hazard of 2 is moderately hazardous to
your health.
The code numbers can usually be found on
the MSDS.
Code Symbols

Codes are shown in different colored
boxes.





Blue for health hazard
Red for flammability hazard
Yellow for a reactivity hazard
White for personal protection information
The 4 categories are usually shown in the
form of a diamond.
Code System Example
Hazard Code Information
“Other Means” Label

Used when labels are not visible due to
something covering the labels



Labels covered in paint
Large storage containers where labels are hidden
from view
Examples:



A mark or symbol on the container
Special colour coded area
A sign or placard above or off to one side that
indicates what the material is
Paint-Covered Container



Paint waste
containers
Paint
containers
Large
storage
containers
Review Exercise
Technician A says that workplace labels are normally
created when the contents of a larger container are
transferred into a smaller container. Technician B says
that workplace labels do not need to meet the minimum
label requirements. Who is right?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
Technician A says workplace labels are required to
follow a code system that measures a material’s
flammability, shelf life, and reactivity. Technician B says
workplace labels can take any form as long as they
contain the basic information. Who is right?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
The supplier label:
A. Must be attached to any hazardous material
that comes into the shop.
B. Needs only to contain the product name,
statement that a MSDS is available, and risk
phrases.
C. Needs to have black text over a white
background.
D. All of the above.
The blue section of the code system indicates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fire hazards.
Reactivity.
Specific hazards.
Health hazards.
Examples of “other means of identification” labels
include:
A. Marks or symbols.
B. Special color coded areas.
C. Signs or placards above or off to the side of the
material.
D. All of the above.
Unit 3
Material Safety Data Sheets
Label vs. MSDS

MSDS:




More detailed
Overexposure
effects
Detailed
steps to avoid
overexposure
Emergency
information
Employer-Written MSDS
MSDS Includes:









Product information
Hazardous ingredients
Physical data
Fire and explosion hazards
Reactivity data
Health hazard data
Preventive measures
First aid measures
MSDS preparation
information
Product Identification
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical Data
Fire & Explosion Data
Fire Extinguishers




A – Ordinary combustibles
B - Flammable liquids
C - Electrical fires
D - Combustible metals
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data
Exposure Limits





Must be comfortable
Know your physical
limits
Maintain equipment
Know signs of respirator
failure
Store properly
Preventive Measures
Respirators
Types of Hazardous Waste






Thinners
Cleaning solvents
Metal-etching acid
Used batteries
Waste oil
Antifreeze
First Aid Measures
MSDS Preparation Information
MSDS Acid
Clean
Unit 4
Workplace Education
Supplier Responsibilities



Classify and label supplied materials
Provide current MSDS
Provide source for data on toxicity of a
material
Employer Responsibilities
Labels
MSDS
Training
Inventory Roster
Hazardous Materials Inventory



Count materials
Refer to purchase
invoices
Look at MSDS
sheets
Employer Responsibilities





Make sure MSDS is
up-to-date
Add new information
Have MSDS available
Make sure workers understand
Have MSDS information available for
medical personnel
Employee Education Program






Assign ownership
Set up check system
Make sure copy of
program is available
Schedule employees for
training
Set up training records
Review program once per
year
Employee Testing Procedures



Give employees a
written test
Conduct a hands-on
demonstration
Set up a mock
emergency and test
the response
Employee Responsibilities









Know and understand labels
Follow label directions
Follow safe-use procedures
Know MSDS information
Know emergency procedures
Avoid removing or defacing labels
Inform employer of missing information
Wear required equipment
Help develop safety plan
Hazardous
Program
Requirement List
Review Exercise
(Page 75)
Technician A says that the MSDS provides information
on hazardous material handling, storage, and use.
Technician B says that the MSDS can be used in place
of a label. Who is right?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
Technician A says that manufacturers and suppliers are
responsible for supplying training to those who work
with hazardous materials. Technician B says the
employer needs to supply training for each hazardous
material used in the workplace. Who is right?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
The section of the MSDS that explains what conditions,
such as heat or shock, make the hazardous material
unstable is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hazardous Ingredients
Fire and Explosion Data
Reactivity Data
Physical Data
Technician A says that the First Aid Measures section of
the MSDS explains how to treat a worker who has been
overexposed to a material. Technician B says medical
or emergency personnel generally need the First Aid
Measures section. Who is right?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Technician A only
Technician B only
Both Technician A and Technician B
Neither Technician A or Technician B
The section of the MSDS that explains how to control
the material during a spill or leak is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hazardous Ingredients
Fire and Explosion Data
Reactivity Data
Preventive Measures