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Reflexive Verbs
Spanish
Los Verbos Reflexivos
In the reflexive construction,
the subject is also the object
A person does as well as
receives the action…
The subject, the pronoun and
the verb are all in the same
form…
Por ejemplo:
• Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana.
I get up at eight in the morning.
• Ella se despierta muy temprano.
She wakes up very early.
• ¿A qué hora te desayunas cada día?
At what time do you have breakfast every day?
• Mis hermanas se maquillan en su cuarto.
My sisters put on makeup in their room.
• Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde.
We go to bed very late.
• Pepito se baña en el baño.
Pepito takes a bath in the bathroom.
Some examples
I wash the clothes
I wash the dishes
I wash the car
I wash the windows.
I wash my feet
I wash my hands
I wash my hair
I wash my face.
What’s the difference?
I wash my clothes, I wash the dishes, I
wash the car, I wash the windows.
I can wash things that are not part of
me, that is, not attached to my body.
In Spanish, we say, “Lavo la ropa, lavo
los platos, lavo el coche, lavo las
ventanas.”
… and…
I wash my hands, I wash my hair, I
wash my face.
I also wash things that are attached to
my body – hands, face, hair (unless you
wear a toupee!).
In Spanish, we say, “Me lavo las
manos, me lavo el pelo, me lavo la
cara.”
And your point is…?
Lavo la ropa, lavo los platos, lavo el
coche, lavo las ventanas.
Me lavo las manos, me lavo el pelo, me
lavo la cara.
If you are washing something that is
attached, you need to add the word
“me.”
Huh?
There are two ways to talk about
washing in Spanish:
Lavar: to wash something
else
Lavarse: to wash part of
one’s body.
Lavarse
Here are the forms:
me lavo
te lavas
se lava
nos lavamos
se lavan
The “me, te, se, nos, se” forms
are called reflexive pronouns.
How do you get those forms?
The infinitive has a –se attached
to it to show that the subject is
doing something to him/herself.
Drop the –se.
Change the verb as usual.
Put the appropriate reflexive
pronoun in front of the verb.
Let’s try one.
Llamarse: to call oneself
yo______
tú______
él______
nosotros ______
ellos ______
Llamarse
Llamarse
Llamar -- se
yo me llamo
tú te llamas
él se llama
nosotros nos llamamos
ellos se llaman
Does this look familiar?
What’s going on here?
yo me llamo
tú te llamas
él se llama
nosotros nos llamamos
ellos se llaman
The
verb endings
are the usual ones.
Brillante!
yo me llamo
tú te llamas
él se llama
nosotros nos llamamos
ellos se llaman
The only difference is that we
have to add the reflexive
pronoun (before the verb).
Acostarse
Bañarse
Cepillarse
Despertarse
Lavarse
Levantarse
Maquillarse
Peinarse
Quemarse
Sentarse
vs
Acostar
Bañar
Cepillar
Despertar
Lavar
Levantar
Maquillar
Peinar
Quemar
Sentar
… un poco de vocabulario
el espejo
la toalla
el maquillaje
el desodorante
la ducha
la tina
Posición de los
pronombres reflexivos:
1. In
•
•
•
front of a conjugated verb:
Me acuesto a las diez de la noche.
Me quiero acostar a las diez de la noche.
Me estoy acostando ahora mismo.
2. Attached to a gerund:
• Estoy acostándome ahora mismo.
• Luisa está cepillándose los dientes.
3. Attached to an infinitive:
• Voy a acostarme ahora mismo.
• Luisa va a cepillarse os dientes.
Okay, how about some more reflexive verbs?
Levantarse: to get/stand up
Sentarse (e > ie): to sit down
Dormirse (o > ue): to fall asleep
Ponerse (-go): to put on an article of
clothing
Levantarse
yo me levanto
tú te levantas
él se levanta
nosotros nos levantamos
ellos se levantan
This verb has regular endings.
Sentarse (e > ie)
yo me siento
tú te sientas
él se sienta
nosotros nos sentamos
ellos se sientan
This verb is stem-changing.
Dormirse
yo me duermo
tú te duermes
él se duerme
nosotros nos dormimos
ellos se duermen
This is another stem-changing verb.
Ponerse
yo me pongo
tú te pones
él se pone
nosotros nos ponemos
ellos se ponen
This –go verb changes as usual.
Dormir vs Dormirse
The verb forms are the same: duermo,
duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen
The difference in form is the addition of the
reflexive pronouns: me, te, se, nos, se
The difference in meaning is:
Dormir: to sleep
Dormirse: to fall asleep
Reflexive verbs often have a special meaning,
such as ‘change in condition’ – from being
awake to being asleep.
A morning routine
Todos los días, yo ______ (levantarse) a las
7:00. ______ (ir) al baño, _______ (lavarse) la
cara, y _______ (afeitarse). Luego ______
(vestirse = e > i) y ______ (tomar) un poco de
desayuno. Por fin, _______ (lavarse) los
dientes.
Hint: not all the verbs in this paragraph are reflexive!
A morning routine
Todos los días, yo me levanto a las 7:00.
Voy al baño, me lavo la cara, y me afeito.
Luego me visto y tomo un poco de
desayuno. Por fin, me lavo los dientes.
Did you remember to use a reflexive
pronoun with levanto, lavo, afeito, and
visto?
Did you remember to change the stem for
visto?
Let’s do another
Juana ______ (despertarse = e > ie) a las 6:30,
________ (levantarse), ______ (ir) al baño, y
________ (ducharse). Ella ______ (secarse),
_______ (peinarse), y _______ (pintarse) la
cara.
Otra rutina diaria
Juana se despierta a las 6:30, se levanta, va al
baño, y se ducha. Ella se seca, se peina, y se
pinta la cara.
Did you remember to use a reflexive pronoun
with despierta, levanta, ducha, seca, peina,
and pinta?
Did you remember to change the stem on
despierta?
Other things to remember
If you use certain two-part verb combinations,
the reflexive verb can either before the first
verb or can be attached to the second verb.
Querer + levantarse
Quiero levantarme
Me quiero levantar
Quieres levantarte
Te quieres levantar
etc.
Make sure that the reflexive pronoun agrees
with the subject: yo <> me, tú <> te
What about progressives?
Remember that progressives are also
two-part verb combinations:
Estoy comiendo
Estamos escribiendo
Refelxive pronouns can go before or after
the verb:
Estoy lavándome el pelo
Estamos lavándonos el pelo
Me estoy lavando el pelo
Nos estamos lavando el pelo
Whew! That’s a lot to remember!
True! But keep in mind that the verb
changes as it always does. You just
have to remember to use the reflexive
pronoun if you see an infinitive that ends
in –se. You’re now ready to move on to
#11, regular preterite verbs.