Transcript Strategi KECEKAPAN TENAGA - PENGURUSAN TENAGA SAINS

PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Kuliah
Strategi
KECEKAPAN TENAGA pengurusan tenaga
Dr.Mohd Zin Kandar
Strategi Tenaga
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
•Pengenalan.
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Objektif Penggunaan:Penggunaan tenaga yang
cekap, produktif serta tiada pembaziran.
– Kecekapan tenaga
– EMS & EA bangunan sedia ada.
•EMS.
– Takrif
– Konsep dan aplikasi
•EA
– Takrif
– Konsep dan aplikasi.
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Kecekapan Tenaga (KT)
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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• Penggunaan tenaga yang cekap yang biasanya
dinamakan Kecekapan Tenaga (KT) bermakna
menggunakan tenaga dengan bijak dan secara
produktif bagi menyempurnakan tugas yang sama.
• Strategi tenaga ke-5 ialah dengan mempromosikan
kecekapan penggunaan tenaga terutama dalam
sektor perniagaan/perdagangan dan perindustrian.
• Malaysia boleh mencapai penjimatan satu pertiga
daripada penggunaan tenaga tahunannya melalui
usaha yang telah dilaksanakan dengan jayanya,
seperti Projek Peningkatan Kecekapan Tenaga
Industri Malaysia (MIEEIP).
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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Energy Management Programme
in existing building
What is Energy Management?
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
“Energy Management is part of the
company’s management activities that
control the energy use situation in the
company,
to
ensure
efficient
exploitation of the energy to provide
cost-saving
without
impairing
building functions or
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SAINS occupant comfort and productivity”.
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Why Energy Management?
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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[email protected]
• Expansion of focus in work with
energy efficiency
• Better conditions for a stable and
cost effective operation
• Reduced costs
• Reduced environmental impact
Energy Managemant objectives
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
• A mean to achieve lowest possible
energy consumption and operation
costs
• A mean to maintain obtained energy
savings
• A mean to identify new possibilities for
energy efficiency
• to ensure efficient exploitation of the
energy to provide cost-saving without
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impairing normal building functions or
occupant comfort and productivity
PERSEKITARAN 2
• Concern for environment
SAINS
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Energy Management Concept
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
See
Mapping
Act
Think
Energy Control
EE procurement
Policy
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Decide
Action Plan
See
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Mapping
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Initial energy mapping
• The initial mapping is basis for the
energy management system
• Focus on substantial energy
consumption's
See
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Mapping
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Initial energy mapping
• Mapping of energy consumption can
be divided into following main
categories:
– Supply
– Process
– Utilities
– Air Conditioning
See
Initial energy mapping
Mapping
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Structure of power energy using
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Boiler and heat supply
Air compressors
Cooling plant
Ventilation
Manufacturing of products
Lighting
Other consumers
Total
Other
consumers
9%
Lighting
6%
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SAINS
%
MWh
12
13
28
8
24
6
9
100
Boiler and heat
supply
12%
Air
compressors
13%
Manufacturing
of products
24%
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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Ventilation
8%
Ammonia
compressors
28%
2023
2192
4720
1349
4046
1011
1517
16858
Notes
estimated
estimated
estimated
estimated
estimated
estimated
Data of dairy
Data of dairy
Think
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Policy
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
What is
an energy policy?
• A declaration about intentions and
principles concerning energy
efficiency
• Framework for aims, targets and
actions
Think
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Policy
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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[email protected]
Energy policy
• Includes commitments for continuous
improvements
• Should be relevant for the activities at
the enterprise and their influence at the
energy consumption
• Indicate extent, ambitions etc. of the
Energy Management system
• Should be disseminated internally and
available for publicity
Decide
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Action Plan
Content of
energy action plan
• Responsibilities and authorities for each working
area concerning energy efficiency
• Resources (personnel, economy)
• How to carry out the energy efficiency work
(project descriptions, tasks etc.)
• Time schedules
• Aims for the energy saving actions including
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documentation
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Act
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Energy Control
EE procurement
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
What is energy control?
Energy control is systematic
continuous control and surveillance of
energy consuming equipment to ensure
energy efficient operation
Act
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Energy Control
EE procurement
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Energy control is:
• A mean to achieve lowest possible
energy consumption and operation
costs
• A mean to maintain obtained energy
savings
• A mean to identify new possibilities for
energy efficiency
• Concern for environment
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
ENERGY AUDIT
INDUSTRY
&
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
COMMERCIAL
What is an Energy Audit?
The detailed Energy Audit involves in-depth
investigations into identifications of :
1. How the energy in an organisation is currently
consumed.
2. Various Energy Saving Measures (ESMs).
3. Costs and Simple Payback Periods for all
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recommended ESMs.
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Energy Audit Process
INDUSTRY
&
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
COMMERCIAL
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
•
•
•
•
Set-up meeting
Data Collection
End-use load apportioning
Identification of Energy Saving
Measures
• Reporting & Presentation
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Set-up meeting
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
• Understanding the organisation
• Get cooperation and support from the
people in the organisation.
Data Collection
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
• Desktop data collection
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
– Get available sourse from:•
•
•
•
•
•
Architectural drawing.
Single line power supply drawing.
Lighting drawing.
A/C system drawing & design manuals.
Load control system inc. timer, BAS etc.
Energy bill historical data (min. 1 yr.)
• Field data collection
• Cross checking of load demand data.
End-use load apportioning
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
•Energy consumption data
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
– Monthly (kWh).
– Yearly (kWh).
•Analysis of end-use load for;
– Lighting
– A/Conditioning
– General equipment.
•Draw pie-chart.
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Annual Energy Consumption
& Load apportioning
Buildings
Annual
Consumpti
on(kWh)
1
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
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[email protected]
3
4
Office
Building
1,993,445
32% 26%
25
%
17%
105
Library
1,668,951
64%
22
%
9%
184
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SAINS
2
BEI
kWh/
m2/ye
ar
1 – Centralised Air-conditioning
2 – Split/window Air-conditioning
3 – Lighting
4 – General equipment
5%
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
COMMERCIAL
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
BUILDING ENERGY INDICES
• Are indices of energy performance of
building/end-use energy.
• Can be in the form of:– Building Energy Index
– Lighting energy index
– Air-conditioning energy index
• Unit:– KWh/sq.m/yr.
• Total energy cinsumption a year devided by
floor area.
• Total end-use energy consumption a year
devided by floor area.
Building Energy Index
280
kWh/sq.m./yr.
240
250
200
kWh/sq.m./yr.
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
300
160
135
150
110
90
100
50
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
0
Typical
Design
Mesiniaga
IBM
Securities
Building
New Energy
Code
EGCO
Tower
Bangkok
MECM
Computer
model
COMMERCIAL
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Example of Buildings audited in 2002 & their BEI
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
Wisma Persekutuan A
Wisma Persekutuan B
Ibu Pejabat A
Ibu Pejabat B
Kompleks Pej. A
Bangunan Rumah Persekutuan, A
Kementerian P A
Menara B
MINTA B
Wisma Persekutuan C
Pusat B
249.61 kWh/m2/yr
152.44 kWh/m2/yr
251.8 kWh/m2/yr
121.64 kWh/m2/yr
170.0 kWh/m2/yr
107.6 kWh/m2/yr
119.56 kWh/m2/yr
246.84 kWh/m2/yr
211.29 kWh/m2/yr
133.72 kWh/m2/yr
155.4 kWh/m2/yr
INDUSTRY
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
In-house Energy Audit
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
• Continuous energy analysis
and conservation process
• Includes:
• Mapping of energy consumption for
the processes that are examined
• Plant and process descriptions
• Plant and process analysis
• Energy efficiency opportunities
• Implementation plan
EA Personnel
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
INDUSTRY
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
• Performed by the Energy Manager or
•
a team of employees with special
knowledge
Can occasionally be assist by a
external consultant
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Energy targets and objectives
Objectives
• How could the energy policy be fulfilled
over time
• The energy objectives should challenge,
commit and motivate to continuous
improvements and ensure progresses
RAG322 • Success criteria
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
Revision of energy mapping
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]
• Regular revisions (status)
• Evaluation of development in energy
consumption in past period
• Main energy consumption areas are updated
• Relevant new working areas are identified and
prioritised
• Basis for new energy action plan (annually)
PENGURUSAN
TENAGA
SELAMAT MAJU JAYA
RAG322
SAINS
PERSEKITARAN 2
Pbp usm
[email protected]
[email protected]