Transcript Document 7374516

Chapter 11
Problem
Solving
Objectives
Explain the four stages of problem
solving
Describe the red / green modes of
problem solving
Identify the different roles a facilitator or
manager plays during the problemsolving process
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -1
…Objectives
Learn how to facilitate a problemsolving meeting
Explain Six Sigma and Appreciative
Inquiry
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -2
Historical Shift
From solely managerial problem solving
to
Managerial and team problem solving
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -3
Problem-Solving Dialectics
Green/Red Modes
• Divergence
• Convergence
• “Believing”
• “Doubting”
• Expansion
• Contraction
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -4
Stages in Kolb’s ProblemSolving Model
Situation
Analysis
Problem
Analysis
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
Solution
Analysis
Implementation
Analysis
11 -5
Characteristics of Problem
Solving
Not a logical, linear process
Alternating wavelike expansions and
contractions
Outward movement => gather and
consider alternatives, information, and
ideas
Inward movement => focus, evaluate
and decide
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -6
Kolb’s Problem-Solving Model
Expansion
Green
Mode
Mind-set
Situation
Analysis
Valuing
Problem
as Given
Contraction
Red
Mode
Mind-set
Problem
Analysis
Information
Gathering
Problem
Chosen
Problem
Defined
Priority
Setting
Problem
Definition
Leader
Detective
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
Manager
Solution
Analysis
Implementation
Analysis
Idea
Getting
Participation
Solution
Chosen
Solution
Implemented
Decision
Making
Planning
Inventor
Coordinator
11 -7
Effective Problem Solving
Requires balanced attention to each
of the four stages and
equal emphasis on
and
mindsets
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -8
Structured Vs. Unstructured
Problems
Structured problems are repetitive and
routine, and definite procedures are
developed for dealing with them
Unstructured problems are novel and not
covered by ready-made procedures
because they occur infrequently
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -9
Brainstorming - Defined
Brainstorming is the generation of as wide a
range of potential solutions as possible
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -10
Six Sigma - Defined
Six Sigma is a problem-solving approach
that utilizes statistical methods to remove
obstacles and create processes that lead to
high-quality products and processes
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -11
DMAIC –
Basic Six Sigma Formula
Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -12
Appreciative Inquiry - Defined
Appreciative inquiry is the study and
exploration of what gives life to human
systems when they function at their best
Rather than seeking to fix problem
deficits, AI focuses on what’s already
positive and strengthens it
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -13
Appreciative Inquiry
4D Cycle
Discover
Dream
Destiny
Design
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -14
Cultural Differences and
Problem Solving
 Cultures vary in the way they define
problems, gather information, and solve
problems
 These dimensions impact problem solving:
 Locus of control
 Individualism vs. Collectivism
 High vs. Low Context
 Orientation towards time
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 8/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, Irwin M. Rubin and Marlene E. Turner
11 -15