EIN 6133 Enterprise Systems Engineering

Chin-Sheng Chen Florida International University

T6: Engineering process

 Engineering process – Need and specification – Modeling and analysis – Functional design – Implementation design

The ESE Framework – Re-visit

Enterprise element Work Decision Resource Information System facet Strategy Competency (capability) Capacity Structure Engineering activity Specification Analysis Performance measure Quality Time Design Cost implementat ion Benefit (profit)

Readings & References

  Readings: – HEA: Chapter 2 Reference – Product design and development by Karl Ulrich and S. Eppinger, McGraw-Hill, 2002

Engineering process – need and specification (1)

  Need, definition – An attribute of a potential system (product) that is desired by the customer.

– Other names: customer attributes, customer requirements Guideline for need statements – Express the need in terms of what the system (product) has to do, not how.

– Express the need as specific as possible – Use positive, not negative phrasing – Express the need as an attribute of the system (product).

– Avoid using the words must and should.

– Organize needs into a hierarchy – Establish their relative importance

Engineering process – need and specification (2)

 Specification, definition – A precise description of what the system (product) has to do.

– A specification has a metric and a value. A value may take on several forms such as a number or a range.

– A specifications is a set of the individual specifications.

– Other terms used:  system (product) requirements, engineering characteristics, technical specifications

Engineering process – need and specification (3)

 Specification types:  Target specifications: – Preliminary, ideal specifications  Final specifications (in the contract book) – Final specifications depend on  what customers needs,  what is technical and economic feasible and  what our competitors offer in the market place.

Engineering process – need and specification (4)

 Metrics – The most useful metrics are those that reflect as directly as possible the degree to which the system (product) satisfies the customer need.

– Metrics must be precise and measurable such that meeting specifications lead to satisfaction of the related customer needs – A need may be translated into more than one metrics, and one metrics may satisfy one or multiple needs.

Engineering process – need and specification (5)

 Setting metrics value – Competitive benchmarking – Set ideal and marginally acceptable target – Develop technical and economic models to assess feasibility – Use the above data to create competitive maps and conduct trade-off analysis

Engineering process – need and specification (6)

 Hierarchy of system specifications – Each system (product) may have a hierarchy of subsystems (products). – Each subsystem has its specifications – Therefore, the overall specifications for the system must be decomposed (or flowed down) to hierarchical sets of specifications, one for each subsystem.

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (1)

 Model, definition – Analytical or physical approximation of the system (product), used as a tool for predicting the values of the metrics for a particular set of design decisions – Models can be focused or comprehensive, depending on the degree to which they implement all of the attributes of the system (product). – Various models (including prototypes) may be developed to support the engineering process including system specification, engineering analysis, functional design, and implementation design.

– Modeling:  the process for creating a model that reflects a desired system representation for understanding, assessment, and/or communication.

 Two well-known models: AS-IS and TO-BE.

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (2)

 Analysis, Def.

– An engineering activity that uses a mathematical means or an engineering tool (such as a system or its model) to   understand and assess its behaviors and Determine its desired end and the most efficient method of obtaining this (that is, to seek an optimal technical solution) – It may be exercised in all engineering phases.

– Engineering analysis types:  A technical decision for – A specification – A system (product) solution approach – A functional design – An implementation design

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (3)

 Engineering analysis – ESE focus  The system level of engineering analysis – The ESE analysis activity at system level   Input: – System (product) specifications Output: – A technical solution approach  A conceptual design, for example

Engineering process – modeling and analysis (4)

  Example of engineering analysis I – A die design:  Analysis issue: whether to use a progressive die or engineering dies.

  Technical solution approach: use a sequence of engineering dies Output: the WIP shape and size specification for each engineering die and its QA guidelines.

Example of engineering analysis II – An enterprise system design  Analysis issue: whether to use client-server or web-based system   Solution: use a hybrid approach of client-server and web-based.

Output: Interface and response time specifications.

Engineering process – functional design (1)

  Functional design, def.

– An activity that translates a conceptual design into an engineered system (product) design which meets the functional requirements as specified.

– It should include industrial design, such as  use interface design and usability  Security and safety design Functional design types – Architectural design  System architecture  Subsystems architecture – Components design

Engineering process – functional design (2)

  Architecture, Def – A drawing (or structure) of something – A representation of all the processes involved in the life cycle of the something.

System architecture, Def.

– A scheme by which the functional elements of the system are arranged into physical blocks and by which the blocks interact.

Engineering process – functional design (3)

 Architectural design output (product) – Geometric layout   Assembly model Bill of Materials (BOM) – Relationships   Fundamental interactions Incidental interactions – Flow designs:    Coolant flows, Mechanical & electrical flows Material channels (runways)

Engineering process – functional design (4)

 Architectural design output (physical system) – Geometric layout   Plant layout List of plant components – Relationship  Fundamental interactions  Incidental interactions – Flow designs:  Aisles, staircases, driveways, conveyers

Engineering process – functional design (5)

 Architectural design output (Computer/ Management Systems) – Layout design   Menu layout (organization chart) Listing of menu items (components) – Relationship design – Flow design    information and work flows Business processes Communication channels

Engineering process – functional design (6)

 Components design – For product   Competency and specifications 2D/3D part drawings – For physical system   – For managerial system   Competency and specifications functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc.

– For computer system    Competency and specifications 2D/3D component drawings Competency and specifications Detailed object models, dynamic models, functional procedures and diagrams, flowcharts, formulas, report, etc.

Engineering process – functional design (7)

The three system layers - revisit – Physical system  Management system – Computer management system

Engineering process – implementation design (1)

  Implementation design – Implementation approach – System-wide implementation plan – Detailed implementation plan Deployment design – Deployment approach – (Process modeling and analysis) – Installation process design – Training design – Data migration design – Validation design – Switch-over design

Engineering process – implementation design (2)

 For product design – Technical solution approach  Manufacturing technology – For example, material deformation (casting, molding, die-forming, crystal growing, etc.), removal (machining), or joining (welding) – System-wide implementation plan  Assembly process plans – Component implementation plan  Component process plans

Engineering process – implementation design (3)

 For physical system design – Technical solution approach  Implementation technology – For example, use modular or integrated approach – System-wide implementation plan  High-level project action plan – Component implementation plan  Component process plans

Engineering process – implementation design (4)

 For managerial systems design – Technical solution approach  Implementation technology – For example, use modular or integrated approach – System-wide implementation plan  System-level implementation plan – Component implementation plan  Component implementation plan

Engineering process – implementation design (5)

 For computer system design (1) – Technical solution approach  Implementation environment & tools – For coding: C++ vs. Java – For structure: 3-layer vs. integrated

Engineering process – implementation design (6)

 For computer system design (3) – System-wide implementation plan  Project management – Change management and version control – Packaging and installation process    System implementation plan – Guidelines for code structure, user interface design and documentation – Library of system standard components Testing – Test policy and guidelines – Classes of tests – Expected software responses – Performance bounds – Identification of critical components System debugging – Policy and strategy

Engineering process – implementation design (7)

 For computer system design (3) – Component implementation plan  Flow implementation design    – Program interface, flowchart, variables, parameters.

User interface implementation design – Interface details, messages design, on-line help & search – Form design – Data design (internal, global and temporary data structure in implementation, & variable conventions) Software interface – Machine interface and system interface Database implementation design – Table list, definition, and relationship

Engineering process – implementation design (8)

 Deployment design (1) – Deployment approach   Unit by unit, or function by function Top down or bottom up – Installation (upgrade) process design  Automatic or manual – Training process design    Development of use cases Training programming – by unit or by function – Top down or bottom up Online training

Engineering process – implementation design (9)

 Deployment design (2) – Data migration/entry process design  Automatic or manual entry – Validation process design  by phase or one time – Switch-over process design  Gradual or one time

Engineering process –

with focus on methods and techniques (1)

 ESE is different from other enterprise system-related efforts in its emphasis for development and application of methods and techniques to each engineering activity. They are:  Specification methods and techniques    Modeling and analysis methods and techniques Design and optimization methods and techniques Implementation planning methods and techniques

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Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (2)

Enterprise strategy engineering process 1.

Create (specify) strategic identity 2.

3.

4.

Conduct strategic analysis Formulate (design) strategy Develop strategy implementation plan

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (3)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process (1) – Create the strategic identity  Define a mission  Develop a vision  Declare strategic intent  Identify core work (product/service)

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (4)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process (2) – Conduct strategic analysis  Develop an industry foresight  Identify current market, product/service and resource concepts  (Identify required new competencies)

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (5)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process (3) – Design (formulate) strategy   (Develop a balanced portfolio of capabilities) (Develop a resource and capability acquisition agenda)    Strategically position the company Create generic product strategies Develop generic market strategies

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (6)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process – Design (formulate) strategy (3-1)  Strategically position the company (as a prospector, analyzer, defender or reactor), according to: – Org. readiness for risk taking – Readiness for developing new products – Technological orientation – Administrative orientation (type of company control)

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (7)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process – Design (formulate) strategy (3-2)  Create generic product strategies – Low cost or price differentiation – Image differentiation (distinctive design) – Support differentiation (after-sales service) – Quality differentiation – Design differentiation (added, improved production functionality) – Penetration strategy – Bundling strategy – Market, product and diversification strategies

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (8)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process – Design (formulate) strategy (3-3)  Develop generic market strategies – Size and diversity – Location (local, regional, national, global) – Stage of evolution  Emerging market    Established market Eroding market Erupting market

Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (9)

 Enterprise strategy engineering process – Develop strategy implementation plan (4-1)   Plan to articulate and codify strategy, by translating it into – Strategic vision – Strategic objectives – Key success factors – (Key performance indicators) – (Key personal performance indicators) Plan to evaluate strategy – For consistency, consonance, advantages, and feasibility

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Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (10)

Enterprise strategy engineering process – Develop strategy implementation plan (4-2)  Plan to elaborate strategy – Transform the strategy into executable and operational plans in strategic and annual plans   Plan to promote strategy – To be advertised, debated, understood, and accepted by all employees Plan to execute strategy – For launch of projects to implement the strategy – For carry-out of projects via execution actions, monitoring, and control – For evaluation of project success and strategy performance

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Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (11)

Enterprise competency engineering process 1.

2.

3.

4.

Specify enterprise’s competency gaps, based on vision and strategy plans for product/service – Identify required new competencies Conduct analysis for a technical approach to bridging the time-phased competency gaps – Identify a solution approach such as buying (licensing or outsourcing), cultivating, and/or co-developing.

Design a competency acquisition map – Develop a balanced portfolio of capabilities – Create a resource and capability acquisition agenda Develop an implementation plan for securing required competencies – Develop a hiring & training plan for in-house resource acquisition – Develop a competency qualification plan for external resource acquisition

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Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (12)

Enterprise capacity engineering process 1.

2.

3.

4.

Specify enterprise’s capacity gaps, based on vision, strategy, and competency. – Identify required new capacity Conduct analysis for a technical approach to bridging the time-phased capacity gaps – Identify a solution approach such as buying (licensing or outsourcing), or cultivating a resource (a machine, a worker, or a computer system including an ERP system) Design a capacity acquisition/decommission map – Develop a balanced portfolio of capacity requirement – Create a resource acquisition/decommission agenda Develop an implementation plan for meeting time-phased capacity requirement – Develop a hiring & training plan for in-house human resource – – Develop an acquisition plan for qualified external resources Develop decommission plan for excessive resources

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Engineering process –

activity methods and techniques (13)

Enterprise structure engineering process 1.

2.

3.

 Define enterprise system structural specifications, based on vision strategy, competency, and capacity requirement for product/service Conduct analysis for a technical approach to enterprise system structuring – Decide on a conceptual solution such as a job shop vs. a cellular shop – Furthermore, possible migrating from a job-shop structure to a cellular layout over time Design an enterprise system structure – Enterprise structural design for physical, managerial, and computer systems – Enterprise component design for the three system elements Develop an implementation plan for enterprise system structure – Implementation plan for physical, managerial, and computer systems structure – Implementation plan for physical, managerial, and computer

T6: Home work

  Identify and classify 2 ESE tools that could be used to perform an engineering activity with.

Due: next week.