Transcript Chapter 16 Developmental Psychopathology Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology

Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Chapter 16
Developmental Psychopathology
1 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Abnormal Development/Behavior
• Statistical deviance
- Uncommon = abnormal & MAY = pathological
• Maladaptive
- Interfer w/ functioning, danger to self or others
• Personal distress
- Anguish & discomfort
2 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Developmental Psychopathology
• Focus is on development, not disease
- Adaptive course of life
- A pattern of maladaptation, not defects
• Social and age norms key
- Societies, age define ‘normality’
- Normal at 4 years old to fear monsters (but not at 45)
• Developmental issues:
- Nature/Nurture, risk factors, change & Prediction
3 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
The Diathesis-Stress Model
• Psychopathology: Interaction of vulnerability
(Diathesis) and environment
- Genes, biology & stress
• Example: Depression
- Genetic vulnerability
- Environmental trigger(s)
• No specific stressors for specific disorders
4 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Figure 16.2
5 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Disorders in infancy: Autism
• 3 core symptoms
- Impaired social interaction
- Inattentive to social/emotional cues
- Aversive & disorganized attachments to parents
- Deviant communication development
- Mute, echolalia (parroting speech),
- Some speak but little give-and-take interactions
- Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors
- Seek sameness, novelty frightening
- Rocking, flapping, strong toy/object attachment
6 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Disorders in infancy: Autism
• Causes
- No theory of mind, symbolic thought
- Executive cogntive ablity (integration)
- Biology
- Epilepsy & Brain stem abnormalities common
- Genes key
• Outcomes
- Lifelong disorder
- Early behavioral intervention may help
7 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Disorders in infancy: Depression
• Symptoms
- Somatic problems (sleep problems, weight loss)
- Depressive-like states
• Related to poor attachment
- At risk if mother depressed
- Failure to thrive
- Due to abuse, neglect
- Fail to grow/develop normally
8 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Disorders in Childhood
• Externalizing problems
- Undercontrolled disorders
- Acting out
- Aggressive, out of control
• Internalizing problems
- Overcontrolled disorders
- Inner stress, anxiety
- More girls
9 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Disorders in Childhood: Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• DSM-IV Criteria
- Inattention (easily distracted, never finishes task)
- Impulsivity (acts before thinking)
- Hyperactivity (perpetual fidgeting, restlessness)
• 3%-5% of children diagnosed (boys > girls)
- Conduct disorders & learning disabilities common
10 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Course
- Overactive behavior wanes later in life
- Attentional and adjustment problems remain
- Most are adjusted in adulthood
11 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
ADHD – Causes and Treatment
• Causes
- Unclear neurological basis
- Deficiencies in frontal lobe (planning, inhibit beh)
- Underactivity in motor area of brain
- Genetic predisposition
• Treatment
- 70% helped by stimulants (overprescription)
- Best if combined with behavioral treatment
12 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Depression
• Childhood
- Somatic symptoms > cognitive symptoms
- Psychotherapy, medication effective
- Nature/nurture question
• Early adulthood (age 21) adjustment
- Related to child symptoms/temperament
13 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Adolescence
• Storm and Stress not common
- Only about 20%
- increased vulnerability for some disorders
• Eating disorders common (esp girls)
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- American thinness craze (25% 2nd grade girls diet)
- Stress, perfection, control
- Some genetic predisposition
- Successful treatment possible
15 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Adolescent Depression and Suicide
• 35% depressed, 7% diagnosable
- Cognitive symptoms common
- Behavioral acting out
• Suicide 3rd leading cause of death (this age)
- Females attempt more, males succeed more
- Genetic link
- Environmental triggers
16 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Adulthood
• Rates of disorder decrease after age 18
- Fewer stressors, life strains
• Depression
- Concern with the elderly (15% report symptoms)
- Usually related to health
- 1-3% diagnosable
- Difficult to diagnose (v. normal aging)
- Gender: More women (2/1)
18 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Depression and Dementia
• Dementia - progressive deterioration
- Not normal aging
- Many undiagnosed and untreated
- Older adults benefit from treatment
• Alzheimer’s Disease
- Brain cells die (neurofibrillary tangles)
- Leading cause of dementia
- Progressive and irreversible
19 of 17
Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider
Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Causes of Cognitive Impairment
• Genetic: Some Alzheimer’s
• Vascular dementia/Multi-infarct
- Minor strokes
- Related to lifestyle factors
• Other diseases
• Reversible dementia: About 20%
• Delirium: Reversible
• Depression: Treatable
20 of 17