Transcript Presentations

Presentations
Presentation Skills
“The mind is a wonderful thing………
It starts working the moment you are
born, and never stops ……….
Until you get up to speak in public!!”
Presentation: Definition
Something presented : as
a : a symbol or image that represents
something
b : something offered or given
c: an immediate object of perception,
cognition, or memory
What is Communication?
Nonverbal Communication
-body language
-eye contact
Importance of
Communication
Class Presentations
Field Research
Business Communications
Public Speaking
Fear of Public Speaking
Population
No.1 fear=Public Speaking
Fear No.2=Death
Stage fright
-In spotlight
-unprepared
-inexperienced
Effective Communication
Preparation
Practice
Presence
Effective Communication
Preparation
research -non-research
format
-speak on what you know
-Notes- outline main points
-note cards vs. full sized paper
Making Notes
 Use Cards - tie/number
 Use headings/subheadings
 Bullet points
 Colour code/shorthand
 Underline/indent
 Write out first/last sentence in full
 Memorise introduction
 Rehearse
 Use large visible printing
Sample Speech Outline
I. Introduction
Thesis
II. Body
support arguments
III. Conclusion
review
Effective Communication
Practice
- practice makes perfect
- revision
- get time right
Preparation & Practice
Thorough preparation
Plenty of practice
Effective Communication
Presence
-nervousness- fright is common
-Body language
-voice tone
-gestures
-eye contact
-positive attitude
Appearance
 Confident ?
 Warmth ?
 Stance ?
 Mannerisms ?
 Eye contact ?
Body Language
 Dress
 Posture
 Facial Expression
 Voice
 Movement
 Gesture
 Eye Contact
Voice
Volume
Pitch
 Mumbling
 Voice drop
 Too high
 Too low
 Monotonous
Speed
 Hesitancy
 Gabbling
Voice
Voice Control
 Pause and pace
 use pause to add emphasis and drama
 pace should be slower than normal, but vary
according to mood
 Emphasis
 say adjectives as they sound
 Volume
 louder than normal
 larger audiences, more modulation required
Movement
Movement - why does it improve the
effectiveness of your delivery?
 Relaxes the speaker and the audience
 Gains attention
 Involves the audience
 Improves emphasis and eye contact
Movement
Movement - it is crucial to your delivery that you
choreograph it as every part of the room has a
different relationship with the speaker examples…..
 Start your presentation close to the audience
 1st slide/ overhead - stand still
 Move to the screen to emphasise side/ overhead
 Change energy level to match/ control mood
 Controlled movement
 stop talking - stop eye contact
 start talking/ start eye contact
Gestures
Gestures - why use them?
 Emphasise a point
 Involve the audience
 Visual expression
 Animation
 Demonstrates comfort
How much to use?
 depends on the audience size and makeup
 A little for conservative audiences
 A lot for large, dynamic audiences
Eye Contact
Eye contact - communicates the
following
 Honesty
 Trust
 Confidence
 Individualism
 Interest
 Sincerity
 Credibility
 Direct relationship
Eye Contact
EYE CONTACT STRATEGIES
Less than the other =
Humility
Same as the other =
We are the same
Constructive
=
(same then increasing)
More than the other =
Builds relationship
Dominate other/ strength
of conviction
Eye Contact
Eye Contact - Directing It
Decision maker
 receives most eye contact - 60%
 share the remainder equally
Key influencer
 share the majority of eye contact
By role
 allocate by job function/ status
Everyone is equal
 proportion eye contact equally
Things You Shouldn’t Do
Read directly from notes
Read directly from screen
Turn back on audience
Slouch, hands in pockets
No um, ah, you know’s
No nervous gestures
Talk too fast,
Talk too quietly
Things You Should Do
Eye contact
Can glance at
notes
Appropriate
gestures
Rhetorical
questions to
involve audience
Controlling Nerves
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Dry mouth: bite side of the tongue, sip water
Too much saliva: breath through mouth
Tight throat: yawn with your mouth closed
Short of breath: apply pressure on lower
abdomen
Butterflies: tense & relax muscles of abdomen
Drying Up: look at your note, repeat what you
have just said
Gestures
Practice
Ten Successful Tips
Control the “Butterflies”
Know the room- become familiar
with the place of presentation
Know the audience- greet or chat
with the audience before hand. It’s
easier to speak to friends than to
strangers
Know your material-increased
nervousness is due to unpreparedness
Control the “Butterflies”
Relaxation- relax entire body by
stretching and breathing so as to
ease the tension
Visualize giving your speechVisualize yourself giving your speech
from start to finish. By visualizing
yourself successful, you will be
successful
Control the “Butterflies”
People want you to succeed-the
audience is there to see you succeed
not to fail
Don’t apologize-by mentioning your
nervousness or apologizing, you’ll
only be calling the audience’s
attention to mistakes
Control the “Butterflies”
Concentrate on your message-not
the medium. Focus on the message
you are trying to convey and not on
your anxieties
Turn nervousness into positive
energy-nervousness increases
adrenaline, transform it into vitality
and enthusiasm
Control the “Butterflies”
Gain experience-experience builds
confidence, which is key to effective
public speaking
Presentation Skills
“The key to effective presentations is
to manage the relationship
between yourself and the audience
so that a good rapport is developed
with them”
Presentation Skills
 Short sharp paragraphs
 Simple words
 Repeat key phrases for effect
 Repeat key phrases for effect
 Avoid catch phrases
 Humour
 Anecdotes: real-life examples
 Rhetorical questions: don’t
require answers
YOU
Do not use the media to hide you
The audience came to see you
The media should enhance the presentation, not
BE the presentation
If all you are going to do is read from the slides
or overheads, then just send them the slides
Remember, only you can prevent
“Death by PowerPoint”
Questions??
End your presentation with a simple question
slide to:
Invite your audience to ask questions
Provide a visual aid during question period
Avoid ending a presentation abruptly
Use of Questions
Questioning - Effectively Used Achieves..
 Engages audience attention
 Establishes better 2 way communication
 Obtains required information
 Checks for understanding
 Checks for agreement
?
How to Prepare Questions ……
 Prepare key questions ahead of time
 Plan the timing of questions
 Be alert to situations that require unplanned
questions
Initiate A Discussion
ASK QUESTIONS
 Open ended - to find out
information
 Closed - to gain commitment
 Redirected - to involve group
 Rhetorical - to control group
 Leading - to give alternative
choice
Tips For Enhancing Discussion
 Switch off the overhead or light projector
 Turn flipcharts to a blank page
 Erase any unwanted writing from the
blackboard or whiteboard
 Show any objects referred to and then
cover them up
Participants
Four Types:
 Dr Quiet
 Dr Disagreeable
 Dr Side Conversation
 Dr Talkative
Keep Control - Tactics
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Side Conversations
Quiet/Shy
Talkative
Disagreeable
WHY?
Keep Control - Tactics
SIDE CONVERSATION
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Ask to “share” their idea
Restate a point & ask for their opinion
Check if there is a problem
“Should we include your point in the
discussion?”
BE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVE
Keep Control - Tactics
QUIET/SHY PARTICIPANT
 Simple questions
 Eye contact
 Recognise & encourage any
contributions
 Ask a question & invite
everyone's opinion in turn
Keep Control - Tactics
TALKATIVE
 Remind everyone of time limits
 Summarise point & ask for
comments from group
 Address questions to other
participants
 Refocus on objectives/agenda
Keep Control - Tactics
DISAGREEABLE
 Paraphrase comments, and recap their
position in objective terms
 Find merit in one of their remarks
 Respond to their comment, not the
attack
 Throw their opinion out to the group
 Answer their questions simply and
factually
Scientific Presentations:
Do’s and Don’ts
Scientific Presentation
1) Prepare your material carefully and logically. Tell a
story. The story should have four parts:
(a) Introduction (b) Method (c) Results
(d) Conclusion/Summary.
"Tell'em what you are going to tell'em.
Tell'em. Then tell'em what you told'em."
Scientific Presentation
2)
3)
4)
5)
Practice your talk
Don't put in too much material
Avoid equations
Have only a few conclusion points
Scientific Presentation
6) Talk to the audience not to the screen
7) Avoid making distracting sounds like “
uuuhhh” and “mmm”
8) Polish your graphics
9) Use humor if possible, but don’t go
overboard
10) Check your viewgraphs before you give the
talk
11) Switch off your cell phones if possible.
Scientific Presentation
12) Be personable in taking questions.
First, repeat the question.
If you don't know the answer then say "I don't
know, I will have to look into that."
 If the questioner disagrees with you and it looks
like there will be an argument then defuse the
situation.
 Never insult the questioner ( S/he may have
contacts you don’t know about!
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13) Thank you Slide
Presentation Checklist
Check :
 Size of room
 Tables and
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chairs
Sockets
Lights
Equipment
Display table
Entrance
Presentation Day & Practice
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30 minutes before
Arrange table & chairs
Set up equipment
Catering
Display
Start Promptly
Finish on Time
Handouts: Few Tips
Handouts
Passing out Handouts:
Can pass it out during presentation
If flow interrupted, pass out before start
 If more than one, can give out “package”
Avoid passing around objects (“I will walk
around with it”)
Summary: Dos and Don’ts of Presentation
Don’t gesticulate wildly
Do speak distinctly
Do vary your speed and pitch
Do look at your audience
Don’t use jargon, slang and superfluous words
Do pause after important points
Do watch the time
Do speak with conviction and enthusiasm
Do be natural and sincere
Do try to simile
Don’t use jokes unless they are really funny and relevant
Summary
 Know your audience
 Know the occasion
 Know your speaking environment
 Pin down your topic
 Brain storm
 Research
 Prepare a rough draft of your presentation
 Transfer your presentation to mental/ written notes
 Practice ...To overcome nervousness!
Now is the time to deliver your
whole presentation to the group
using all of the delivery
techniques we have discussed.
Practice takes you from this..
To this….
Thank you;
Any questions?