Transcript Document 7333475

Here’s
What I
Won’t
Talk
About
Bill Foster
Enrico Fermi’s (1954) Space-Based World Machine
Sulak Festschrift
October 22, 2005
Second Golden Age
of Particle Physics
Livingston Plot
(Parton ECM vs Calendar Year)
Exponentially Available
Resources by mining
the Asteroids with
Self-Replicating
Factories
How to Deal with Today’s Reality
… and the Last, Best Hope
for U.S. Particle Physics
Panofsky,1997
Space
Exploration via
Self-Replicating
Factories is an
Ancient Concept
Penrose, L. S.
Self-Reproducing Machines.
Scientific American 206, 6,
pp. 105-114, 1959.
Chirikjian, Zhou, and Suthakorn,
Self Replicating Robots
for Lunar Development.
IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics
, 7, 4, pp. 462-472, 2002.
• Dave Barry (2003)
Spreading Rate Across the Universe
Stanley Steamer to Stanley the Robotic Vehicle
~ 100 Years
1906 Stanley Steamer
Self-Replicating Robotic Factories
are going to be one of those things
like Flat-Screen TV
that everyone laughs at,
until one day they suddenly appear….
DARPA Grand Challenge Winner (2005)
Today’s Computers are
Already Good Enough
For Self- Replication
Carbon Nanotubes may make the
Space Elevetor a Reality
• The electricity
bill to get
yourself into
low-Earth Orbit
is about $10
The Next Microsoft
®
Opportunity
Will be captured by the first
(Nation, Region, or Planet…)
that builds the first
self-replicating factory
to mine the asteriods.
• HEP accelerators will be an afterthought
• But that’s a different talk…
I am Also Not Going to Talk About:
Future Accelerators
Three Feasible ~$10B Projects:
1. 0.5 TeV e+e- Linear Collider
2. 40 TeV  250 TeV P-P Collider
3. -factory  muon collider?
How
Hard
Can
Three Regions:
1. Europe
2. North America
3. Asia
This
Be?
The SCRF Proton Driver
A New High Intensity Proton Source (and more!) at Fermilab
Fermilab
Bill Foster
Sulak Festschrift
October 22, 2005
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Outline
• Fermilab Strategic Context
• Superconducting RF Proton Driver Concept
• Physics program with an intense proton source
– Focus: Long baseline neutrino experiments
– Mention: Other physics possibilities (multi-mission linac)
• Proton Driver Technical Design
• Hardware & Collaborations in Progress
Fermilab Strategic Context
 For the last 20 years, Fermilab has operated
the world’s highest energy physics program at
the Tevatron, a ECM = 2 TeV superconducting
proton-antiproton collider.
 This will come to an end in ~2009
when the CERN LHC turns on
and begins doing physics at 14 TeV (P-P)
… Fermilab Strategic Context
 The International Linear Collider (ILC)
(~ 0.5 TeV e+e-) has been endorsed as the
Next Big Thing in High Energy Physics
Fermilab is an excellent candidate site.
 Wide spectrum of opinion as to how likely it is
that the Bush administration will support
a ~$12 B new initiative in HEP any time soon
Shouldn’t put all our eggs in one basket…
 On the other hand, the world’s best Neutrino Physics
program will continue at Fermilab in any case
Find a way to do both ILC R&D and Neutrinos
8 GeV Superconducting Linac
• New idea incorporating concepts from the ILC, the
Spallation Neutron Source, RIA and APT.
– Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac design up to 1.3 GeV
– Use “TESLA” Cryomodules from 1.3 - 8 GeV
– H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector
 “Super-Beams” in Fermilab Main
Injector:
– 2 MW Beam power at BOTH 8 GeV and 120 GeV
– Small emittances ==> Small losses in Main Injector
– Minimum (1.5 sec) cycle time (or less)
– MI Beam Power Independent
of Beam Energy
G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
August 5, 2005
8 GeV Superconducting Linac
With X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory
Neutrino
“SuperBeams”
NUMI
OffAxis
8 GeV
AntiProton
SY-120
FixedTarget
Damping Rings
for TESLA @ FNAL
With 8 GeV e+ Preacc.
X-RAY FEL LAB
8 GeV Linac
neutrino
~ 700m Active Length
Main
Injector
@2 MW
Short Baseline
Detector Array
Bunching
Ring
Neutrino Target
& Long-Pulse
Spallation Source
Recirculating
Linac for
Neutrino
Factory
VLHC at
Fermilab
Neutrinos
to “Homestake”
August 5, 2005
Target and Muon
Cooling Channel
G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver
• A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider
• Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos+)
• Multiple HEP Destinations & Off-Ramps
• A seed project for Industrial Participation
50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, ~1.5% of LC
August 5, 2005
G.W.Foster - Proton Driver
Fermilab’s Fork in the Road
IF ( ILC 2006 CDR looks affordable) THEN
– Push for ILC ~2010 construction start at Fermilab
– Proceed with 120 GeV Neutrino Program at >1 MW
ELSE
– Superconducting 8 GeV Proton Driver starting 2008
– 30-120 GeV and 8 GeV Beams at 2-4 MW
– Stepping-Stone to delayed ILC construction start ~2012
ENDIF
Fermilab’s New Director Pier Oddone’s presentation to EPP 2010:
Proton Driver Project Plans 2008 Construction Start
- (CD-1 review June ’06)
Proton Driver Physics
• Main Motivation: Neutrino Oscillations
also:
• Neutrino Scattering
• Muons
• Kaons, pions, neutrons, antiprotons …..
The Elephant in the room is the synergy with the International
Linear Collider, the oft-stated highest priority of US HEP.
Neutrino Physics at Fermilab
• Neutrino physics provides the primary motivation for a
new Fermilab Proton Driver.
• The recent APS study on the future of neutrino physics
concluded with some recommendations, amongst
which:
– “We recommend, as a high priority, a comprehensive U.S. program
to complete our understanding of neutrino mixing, to determine the
character of the neutrino mass spectrum, and to search for CP
violation among neutrinos.”
• The program to do this should have as one of its
components:
– “A proton driver in the megawatt class or above and neutrino
superbeam with an appropriate very large detector capable of
observing CP violation and measuring the neutrino mass-squared
differences and mixing parameters with high precision.”
Other Possible Physics with Intense Proton Sources
• Rare decays
(window for new physics)
Intense Kaon beams!
e.g. BR (KL → p o n n )
10-11
~3 x
• Muon physics (with intense muon beams)
– Rare muon decays, Search for lepton flavor violation : m → eg or m → 3e
– Muon EDM, CP violation
– Precision measurements: g-2 (statistics limits understanding systematics)
• Neutrino Factories
• Anti-Proton Physics
– When BTEV ends ~ 2015 Fermilab will have by far the worlds most
intense source of antiproton. What should we do with it ?
• Long pulse spallation neutron source, etc…
Motivations for the Linac Proton Driver
• Protons on Target for Neutrino Program
• 2 MW at 30-120 GeV from the Main Injector
• 0.5 - 2 MW at 8 GeV directly from the Linac
• Clear path for further MI upgrades > 2 MW
Linac
Provides
All Three
• Synergy with International Linear Collider
– Exactly the same technology for E ~ 1.5  8 GeV
– 1.5% Scale Demonstration Project & U.S. Cost Basis
– Seed Project for U.S. Industrialization of SCRF
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab’s Existing Proton Source
FNAL Accelerator Complex
7 major accelerators !)
35 yrs old
35 yrs old
Cockroft-Walton
Drift Tube LINAC
H- ions (750 KeV)
750 KeV  116 MeV
8 GeV Booster
Rapid-Cycling
Synchrotron
Proton Source = Linac, Booster, Main Injector
35 yrs old
Intensity Bottlenecks: Space Charge at Booster Injection, and Booster Beam Loss
Booster & Main Injector
1999
35 yrs old
Booster Synchrotron
Main Injector Synchrotron
15 Hz resonant magnet cycle
8 GeV  150 GeV
400 MeV H- stripped 8 GeV Protons
Protons or Pbars for TeV Collider
Protons MI or Mini-BooNE
 120 GeV for PBAR
production or to the NUMI target
Q: WHAT IS THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS
NUMBER ?
451
A: this is the number of vacuum
tubes required to accelerate
beams to 8 GeV in Fermilab’s
current Proton Source.
0.5 MW Initial
8 GeV Linac
“PULSED RIA”
11 Klystrons (2 types)
449 Cavities
51 Cryomodules
325 MHz
0-110 MeV
β<1 TESLA LINAC
1300 MHz
0.1-1.2 GeV
2 Klystrons
96 Elliptical Cavities
12 Cryomodules
10 MW
TESLA
Klystrons
Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity
Phase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners
H- RFQ MEBT RTSR SSR DSR
Modulator
Modulator
Elliptical Option
48 Cavites / Klystron
DSR
10 MW
TESLA
Multi-Beam
Klystrons
β=.47 β=.47 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81
or… 325 MHz Spoke Resonators
TESLA LINAC 1300 MHz
Modulator
Single
Modulator 3 MW
JPARC
Klystron
Front End Linac
Modulator
β=1
8 Cavites / Cryomodule
8 Klystrons
288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules
Modulator
Modulator
36 Cavites / Klystron
β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1
Modulator
Modulator
Modulator
Modulator
β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1
The Building Block of the 8 GeV Linac
… is the TESLA RF Station:
• 1 Klystron
• 1 Modulator
• ~ 4 Cryomodules
• 36 SCRF CAVITIES
~1 GeV of Beam Energy
Proton Driver: 8 RF Stations
Linear Collider: 500 RF Stations
Understanding the
production cost of
the TESLA RF station
is the most important
question in (US) HEP.
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Fermilab
G. W. Foster – Proton Driver
Proton Driver Linac - Technology Flow
Other Labs &
Universities
JHF
(KEK)
SNS & DESY
<1
Cavity
Design
“SNS / RIA”
H R “PULSED RIA” Beta < 1
_ F SCRF Spoke
Elliptical
Q Cavity Linac Cavity Linac
Fast
Ferrite
Shifters
Pulsed
Modulators
RF
Distribution
SNS
Production
Experience
TESLA
COLLABORATION
Klystrons
Linac
Accel.
Physics
FNAL
ANL / SNS
Cryogenics
SCRF
Spoke
Cavities
SNS (JLAB)
RIA (MSU)
Cavities
325 MHz
RFQ and
Klystron
RIA (ANL)
APT (LANL)
“TESLA”
Elliptical Cavity SCRF Linac
Beta = 1
1300 MHz 8 GeV
1.3 GeV
New FNAL Proton Source Linear Collider Test Facility
PROTON DRIVER
NUMI Beamline &
Infrastructure
Neutrino
Super-beams
Main
Injector
@2 MW
FNAL
Proton Plan
Upgrades
Beam Transport
and Collimation
Design
8 GeV beams:
P, n, , m, e…
Technological
& HEP Applications
BNL / SNS
Cavities and Cryomodules
• 9-cell, 1.3 GHz
Tesla SCRF Cavity
Cryomodule at Tesla Test Facility
The Cavities and Cryo-modules for 85% of the Proton Driver
will be nearly identical to those developed by the TESLA
collaboration for the International Linear Collider
8 GeV Superconducting Linac
With X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory
Neutrino
“SuperBeams”
NUMI
OffAxis
8 GeV
AntiProton
SY-120
FixedTarget
Damping Rings
for TESLA @ FNAL
With 8 GeV e+ Preacc.
X-RAY FEL LAB
8 GeV Linac
neutrino
~ 700m Active Length
Main
Injector
@2 MW
Short Baseline
Detector Array
Neutrinos
to “Homestake”
Bunching
Ring
Target and Muon
Cooling Channel
Neutrino Target
& Long-Pulse
Spallation Source?
Recirculating
Linac for
Neutrino
Factory
VLHC at
Fermilab
The Baseline Mission:
8 GeV H- Injection and Super Beams in the Main Injector
Neutrino
“SuperBeams”
NUMI
SY-120
FixedTarget
OffAxis
8 GeV
neutrino
8 GeV Linac
~ 700m Active Length
Main
Injector
@2 MW
MORE INFORMATION
• Project site:
http://protondriver.fnal.gov
• Physics and Machine “CD-0” Documents
• Recent Director’s Review:
http://protondriver.fnal.gov/PDrev15Mar05.htm
• Recent ICFA Workshop:
http://www.niu.edu/clasep/HPSLconf/