Transcript HS 200
HS 200
Turn in at front table:
Service Project (Attach rubric to the front) Online reading Quiz
Today:
Finish Cardiovascular Disease (Ch. 12) Alcohol Use and Abuse ((Ch. 8) 1
Introduction
•
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the ___leading cause of death in the U.S.
•
___American dies from CVD every 33 seconds
•
Nearly ___ %of all Americans will die from CVD
•
CVD is the ________cause of death for both men and women
2
Cardiovascular System
• Heart, blood vessels, hormones, enzymes and wastes.
• Four chambers (size of a fist).
– Upper chambers (Atriums).
– Lower chambers (Ventricles).
–
Vena cava- Largest Vein
–
Aorta- Largest Artery
3
p. 279 Text 4
Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
• Hypertension - may cause damage even before it is ever detected.
• Atherosclerosis - narrowed by fatty deposits.
• Heart Attack - Vessels in the heart become blocked.
• Stroke - Impeded blood supply to a part of the brain.
• Congestive Heart Failure - Blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart.
Cont>>>>
5
Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease cont….
• Angina Pectoris - Chest pain; heart doesn’t get enough O 2. (Kehr’s sign.).
• Arrhythmia’s - Abnormal Heartbeat - Disruption of the electrical system - can lead to sudden death.
6
Risk Factors
•
Contributing Risk Factors
•
Six Major Risk Factors that can be changed.
– Tobacco use .
– Physical inactivity.
– Obesity – High blood pressure.
– Diabetes
(Doubles the risk of CVD)
– High levels of cholesterol.
• LDL’s and HDL’s 7
Protecting Yourself Against CVD
• Total Fats less than 30% • Low Saturated Fats • Increased Dietary Fiber • Moderation of Alcohol • No smoking • Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B-6 & B-12,soy protein, and total calories. »
Continued……
8
Protecting Yourself Against CVD
• Moderate physical activity • Blood pressure monitored twice a year • Control Cholesterol levels • Effective means of controlling stress 9
Practice Diaphragmic Breathing Pay attention to your thoughts Practice MINDFULNESS
10
11
12
How Cancer Spreads
•
Metastasis:
Primary tumor – Definition: the spreading of cancer cells, occurs because cancer cells do not stick to each other as strongly as normal cells.
• Cells break away from primary tumor and invade surrounding tissues or travel through the blood and lymphatic system.
• Secondary tumor or metastases 13
14
Types of Cancer
• Malignant Tumors – Classified according to the types of cells.
• Initially retain some of the original properties of the host cell.
• Carcinomas - most common - start from the epithelial tissue that cover body surfaces. Linings, tubes, cavities and secretion glands.
15
Malignant Tumors
• Sarcomas: arise in connective and fibrous tissues. Bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat.
• Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymph nodes.
• Leukemia: cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone marrow.
16
The Incidence of Cancer
• 1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearly • More than half will be cued.
• About 40% will die as a result of cancer.
• 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be develop cancer during their lifetime.
17
18
Common Cancers
• Lung Cancer: Most common cancer.
– Risk Factors • Tobacco smoking contributes to 87%.
– Combined with environmental carcinogens multiply by 10.
– Detection and Treatment (Difficult to detect) • Symptoms are not detected until cancer has reached the invasive stage.
• Persistent cough, chest pain, or recurring bronchitis.
• Diagnosis - chest x-ray or sputum examination - fiber optic bronchosectomy.
19
Common Cancers
• Lung Cancer treatment: – Difficult to treat.
– Surgery- removal of involved cells.
– Typically- cancer cells have already spread.
– Very resistant to chemotherapy.
20
Common Cancers
• Colon and Rectal- second most prevalent cancer.
– Risk Factors • Directly linked to diet and genetic predisposition.
• Mostly occurs after 50 yr. of age.Diet low in fat and High in fiber - best defense.
• Up to 1/3 of the population is genetically prone.
– Detection and Treatment 21
Common Cancers
• Breast Cancer - Second most common cancer in women; 1:9 American women will have it during her lifetime.
– Risk Factors • Most common in women over 50 • 5 year survival rate is 79% • “Disease of Civilization” • Common causes: Genetic predisposition; High fat, High calorie diet and Sedentary lifestyle, Alcohol use, early onset of menstruation, First child after 30 and obesity • Estrogen -cancer in estrogen-responsive sites – Detection and Treatment 22
Common Cancers
• Breast Cancer -.
– Three part program for early detection.
• Monthly breast self-exam for all women over 20.
• Clinical breast exam by a physician every 3 yr.
• Mammography- Every 1-2 years 40-50 yr. old.
– Over 50 every year.
– New Strategies for Treatment and Prevention 23
Common Cancers
• Prostate Cancer - Most common cancer in men. Third leading cause of cancer deaths in men – Risk Factors - Age, diet, lifestyle and genetic predisposition – Early detection is key. PSA Blood test – Treatment - surgical removal of the prostate and radiation 24
Common Cancers
• Female Reproductive Tract: Uterus, Cervix or Ovaries.
– Cervical cancer - sexually transmitted.
• 80% stems from infection by the papillomavirus transmitted by unprotected sex.
• PAP Test – Cervical cancer most common in women in their 20’s and 30’s.
• Factors: sexual intercourse before 18, multiple sex partners, cigarette smoking and low socioeconomic status.
25
Common Cancers
• Uterine, or Endometrial: – Occurs after 55 – Determined by Pelvic Exam – Treatment is surgery • Ovarian Cancer: Difficult to detect and diagnosis, No warning signs – Family history or genetic factors – Determined by Pelvic Exam – Treatment is surgery & radiation 26
Common Cancers
• Skin Cancer: Most common form – Easily detected and highly curable – Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood – Common cause - sunburns and suntans – Types: • Basal and Squamous • Melanoma - more dangerous form – Prevention – Detection and Treatment 27
28
Common Cancers
• Oral Cancer • Testicular Cancer • Pancreatic Cancer • Stomach Cancer • Bladder Cancer • Kidney Cancer • Brain Cancer 29
Common Cancers
• Leukemia: – Cancers of the blood forming tissues – Abnormal production of immature white blood cells; rapidly growing cells displace red blood cell precursors – Immature WBC’s cannot fight off infections – Risk factors are unknown 30
Common Cancers
• Lymphoma – Arising from the lymph cells • Hodgkin’s disease • Non-Hodgkin’s disease • Multiple Myeloma – Malignant plasma cells produce tumors in the bone marrow.
• Leads to anemia, excessive bleeding and decreased resistance to infection 31
The Cause of Cancer
• The Role of DNA – Each cells has 23 pairs of chromosomes • Each controls the way a cell will work • A gene • DNA Mutations and Cancer – Changes the way the cells function – Mutagens – Oncogenes – Tumor suppressor genes • Hereditary Risks 32
Links to Cancer
• Foods: – Both carcinogens and compounds that provide protection • Dietary Fat and Meat (Saturated Fats) • Alcohol • Dietary Fiber • Fruits and Vegetables – Anticarcinogens – Carotenoids – Antioxidants versus Free radicals • Phytochemicals • Sulforaphane 33
• • • • • • • • • •
Foods That Contain Cancer Preventing Substances
• Kale Broccoli • Spinach Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cauliflower Carrots Red peppers Tomato Sweet potato Collard greens • • • • • • • • Apricot Cantaloupe Grapefruit Orange Papaya Peach Plum Watermelon Green Tea 34
Links to Cancer
• Inactivity and Obesity – Linked to colon cancer • Benefits of Physical Activity 35
Carcinogens in the Environment
• Ingested Chemicals • Environmental and Industrial pollution • Radiation 36
Detecting, Diagnosing, and Treating Cancer
• Detecting – Self-monitoring • Diagnosing – Biopsy – Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Computed tomography (CT) – Ultrasonography 37
Detecting Cancer
• • • • • • • •
Self Monitoring is Essential C A
Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal
U T
Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breasts or elsewhere
I O
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole
N
Nagging cough or hoarseness 38
39
Detecting, Diagnosing and Treating Cancer
• Treatment: – Surgery – Chemotherapy – Radiation Therapy • New and Experimental – Gene therapy – Bone marrow and Stem Cell transplants – Biological therapies 40
Cancer Survivors
• Must live with fear of recurrence • Face prejudice from health insurers • Psychological support is important • Financial impact 41
Prevention
• Lifestyle choices – Avoid tobacco – Control diet and weight – Regular exercise – Protecting skin from the sun – Avoiding environmental and occupational carcinogens – Regular self exams – Medical screenings – Be aware of the early signs and symptoms 42
Thanks!!!!!!!
43