Transcript Preview . Objectives . Suggested Teaching Plan . Background Information

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Preview
Ⅰ. Objectives
Ⅱ. Suggested Teaching Plan
Ⅲ. Background Information
Ⅳ. Class Presentation
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Preview
In this unit, you are going to learn about running and walking and what
benefits you can get from each exercise. In the Listening and Speaking section,
you will learn how to express personal interests and state likes and dislikes. In
the Reading and Writing section, two basic skills needed for running are
discussed in Text A; Text B describes what exercise can do for us; and, while
most people believe that running is a better exercise than walking, Text C offers
a quite different view.
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Ⅰ. Objectives
After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to
1. master the basic language and skills to express personal interests and
state likes and dislikes;
2. understand the main idea of Texts A, B and C, and master the useful
sentence structures, words and expressions found in the relevant
exercises of the first two texts;
3. know how to use the present perfect and the past perfect;
4. know how to write a business card in English;
5. understand the signal words in an English passage (2).
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Ⅱ. Suggested Teaching Plan
Suggested Time and Teaching Plan for Unit 4
Time
2 periods
Contents
Preview
Plan
The teacher explains the Preview to
make sure that the students have some
idea of what the present unit is about.
After that, the teacher activates the
Listening and Speaking exercises as
follows:
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Time
Contents
Listening and
Speaking
Plan
1) Expressing Personal Interests
A. Do a warm-up activity by asking
students to express their personal
interests;
B. Solicit the language for personal
interests and present it on the
chalkboard during the class
interaction before listening;
C. Listen to Exercise 1(1-3 times) and
fill in the blanks with the missing
words;
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Time
Contents
Plan
D. Ask two students to read aloud the
short talks to check their written
responses;
E. Ask other students to express their
personal interests using the
structures given in Exercise 2.
2) Stating Likes and Dislikes
A. Go through the new words in the
1st dialogue in Exercise 3;
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Time
Contents
Plan
B. Listen to the dialogue twice and fill in
the blanks with the missing words;
C. Work with the question and answer
exercises creatively;
D. Look for the language used to state
likes and dislikes;
E. Act out the dialogue;
F. Either do the same with the 2nd
dialogue or be flexible with it;
G. Study the structures presented in
Exercise 4, and create situations for
the dialogues in which students can
state likes and dislikes.
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Time
Contents
Plan
3) Listening Practice
Before ending class, the teacher tells
the students how to do Exercises 5-10
as their assignment. The teacher also
tells the students that they should be
prepared to answer the questions in
Exercise 9 and give an oral
presentation when they next come to
class.
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Time
Contents
3 periods
Review of the
listening and
speaking skills
the students
have learned
Plan
The teacher begins with the assignment
mainly to review the functional and
notional language the students acquired
in the previous unit. The teacher asks
some students to answer the questions
in Exercise 9 of the Listening and
Speaking section and invites a few to
give an oral class presentation, telling
their classmates of their likes and
dislikes. Then, the teacher turns to the
Reading and Writing section. (These
activities should be completed within 20
minutes.)
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Time
Plan
Contents
Text A & textrelated exercises
1) Starter
After a brief explanation of the
instructions, the teacher
A. organizes group discussion among
the students to list the benefits of
running and other physical exercise;
(10 minutes)
B. asks the students
a) to report their discussion. If the
students have difficulty doing this,
the teacher should give them the
information about the benefits of
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Time
Contents
Plan
physical exercise provided in the
following Part III Background
Information;
b) to complete Exercise 1 in Starter. (15
minutes)
2) Text A
The teacher
A. lets the students answer the textrelated questions, helps them
identify the main idea of each
paragraph and analyzes some
difficult sentences and language
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Time
Contents
Plan
points while discussing the whole
text with them. (one and a half
periods)
B. guides the students through the
exercises, focusing on certain items
or leaving some exercises as the
students homework, according to the
students different levels of English.
(one period)
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Time
1 period
Contents
Grammar
Review
Plan
1) Grammar Review
The teacher talks about the Present
Perfect and the Past Perfect, and
especially emphasizes the difference
between the Past Tense and the Present
Perfect Tense; then he/she asks the
students to do the grammar exercises in
class.
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Time
Contents
Practical Writing
Plan
2) Practical Writing
The teacher tells as well as shows the
students how to write a business card in
English by doing Exercise 11, and then
requires the students to complete the
form in Exercise 12 in class with his/her
help.
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Time
2 period
Plan
Contents
Text B, Text C &
text-related
exercises,
1) Text B
While discussing the text with the
students, the teacher introduces
briefly the concept of the topic
sentence, and asks the students to
identify the signal words in the text
and do Exercise 13. The rest of the
exercises for Text B can be done
either in or after class.
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Time
Plan
Contents
2) Text C
Basic Reading
Skills
This text should be read as homework
by the students themselves or done as
fast reading in class, depending on the
time left.
3) Basic Reading Skills
The teacher tells the students how to
identify and use adversative words in
an English article, and what their
functions are, and then invites the
students to find out the signal words in
Text A.
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Ⅲ. Background Information
Running
Physical Fitness
Benefits of Exercise
Calories Burned During Exercise
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Running
Running has been around as long as humans have, but it did not become
a popular activity for the masses until the 1970s. American physician Kenneth
Cooper’s book Aerobics (1968) is considered one of the first inspirations for
this growth. The book demonstrated the considerable health gains that could
be derived from regular workouts that emphasized cardiovascular fitness.
Other people credit American Frank Shorter and his gold medal in the
marathon at the 1972 Olympics with sparking a surge of interest in running. In
the years following his win, a number of books and periodicals devoted to
running emerged. Today running is firmly established as both a recreational
pursuit and a training tool; it is practiced by millions of people to get in shape,
stay fit, and have fun.
There are many different kinds of runners, from casual joggers to regular
race runners to ultra marathoners who run 100 miles at a time. Each runner
should have a specific training regimen tailored to the individual’s goals and
abilities.
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Running
A good schedule for a beginner is to run 20 minutes at a time, every other
day. Occasionally, additional time off is needed because of illness or injury.
Depending on the length of the break, it is often advisable to work back into a
regular workout gradually, rather than jumping back into the normal routine
immediately.
In the short term, there are techniques that can help a runner perform
better. Mixing in higher speed workouts is one strategy, but this can lead to
injury unless the individual builds up to them gradually. Hill and trail running
builds strength, and weightlifting can also help. Massage and whirlpools can
help muscles recover faster between workouts. A healthy diet is also beneficial.
Some distance runners find that eating foods high in carbohydrates (such as
pasta) in the days before a big race provides their bodies with more fuel.
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Running
Many runners will at some point want to enter a race, to push themselves
and to perhaps see how they compare with other runners at their age and
experience level. Many areas have a variety of local 5-or 10-km (3.1mi or
6.2mi) road runs. To finish a 5-kilometer (or 5K) race, the runner should be
able to run up to 30 minutes at a time in training.
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Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is the ability of the human body to function with vigor and
alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to engage in leisure
activities, and to meet physical stresses.
The level of physical fitness can be influenced by regular, systematic
exercise. Exercises that demand total body involvement improve and maintain
fitness most effectively-for example, jogging, running, swimming, vigorous
dancing, cycling, and brisk walking. Normal, healthy individuals may plan their
own exercise programs. The general rule is to exercise only until discomfort is
experienced-that is, until breathing becomes labored, circulation seems
inadequate, or fatigue influences performance. People with health problems
caused by heart attacks, strokes, and illness should see a physician before
devising an exercise program.
Proper nutrition is also important to physical fitness, because energy
expenditure depends on nutrition. If diet is inadequate, the fitness level will
drop.
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Benefits of Exercise
The benefits of exercise are far reaching. Studies have demonstrated that
regular aerobic exercise reduces the risk of death due to heart disease and
stroke, aids in reducing weight, helps prevent diabetes mellitus, strengthens
bones, and enhances immune function. The psychological benefits are also
broad, and most studies suggest a positive relationship between physical
fitness and mental achievement.
The relationship between regular aerobic exercise and cardiovascular
health and longevity is well established. Regular exercise leads to a reduction
in the risk of coronary heart disease, in which fatty deposits (plaque) form in
blood vessels supplying the muscular wall of the heart, compromising oxygen
delivery to the heart muscle. In addition, with regular exercise the efficiency of
the heart during exercise is increased.
Many people exercise to lose weight. A calorie is a unit that measures the
energy content of foods and the energy expenditure by the body. When the
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daily calorie intake from food is the same as calories expended from exercise,
weight remains the same. The number of calories burned during exercise
varies greatly with the type of physical activity, but the key to successful weight
reduction is to exercise regularly, without increasing food intake proportionally.
One area of controversy has been how much exercise is enough to
improve general health, reduce the risk of heart disease, and increase
longevity. Meaningful studies on this topic are very difficult to perform because
they require large populations of subjects and many years of data collection,
and because poor health sometimes results in limitations to physical activity.
Despite these difficulties, it is clear that regular exercise, along with a
generally healthy lifestyle, is beneficial. People who have sedentary lifestyles
make up half the population of industrialized societies, and this group has the
most to gain by exercising.
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Calories Burned During Exercise
The table below shows calories burned per hour for different activities. The
amount of calories used during physical activity depends on a person’s body
mass and the intensity of the activity.
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Calories Burned During Exercise
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Ⅳ. Class Presentation
Listening & Speaking
Reading & Writing
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Listening & Speaking
Expressing Personal Interests
Expressing Likes and Dislikes
Listening Practice
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Expressing Personal Interests
1. You are going to listen to two students talking about their personal
interests. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Wang Ying: You know what I like? I like music. It
can make me ____________
feel happy . It can
make me ____________
feel excited . It can also
feel sad
make me ____________
. Wherever I
with me
go, I’ll take music__________
. I listen
to it while walking, riding on the bus,
even while reading somewhere. Music
is ________________________
the most beautiful language in the
world.
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Li Ming: Oh, I love outdoor(户外) sports. I ____________
enjoy running in the
close to
suburbs(郊外) on weekends. I often run alone. I’m ________
hear nature .
___________
nature . I can __________
nature while running. I can watch
feel nature . I am crazy(热衷的) about nature.
And I can ___________
Outdoor sports make me _________
nature.
part of
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2.
Now you can tell your classmates about your personal interests using the
structures given below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I like…
I love…
I enjoy DOING…
I’m fond of…
I’m crazy about…
I’m into…
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Expressing Likes and Dislikes
3.
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
feel like sth.
想做什么
get one’s mind off work
抛开工作
take it easy
放松一些
do sb. good
对某人有好处
give it a try
尝试一下
Walkman
随身听
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Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing
words.
Li Ming: I feel like a really good run this weekend. It’ll get my mind off
work. How
__________
about you ?
Wang Ying: Well, I think I’ll take it easy. I’ll ___________
go online to get
some information.
Li Ming:
Come on. You need physical exercise. You need fresh air.
do you good
It’ll _____________
.
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Wang Ying:
I ___________
can’t stand running. It’s boring.
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
love it when I run in the suburbs.
Oh yeah? But I _______
I’m sure you will.
give it a try .
I don’t think I’ll ___________
Li Ming:
Oh, yes, you can take your Walkman with you.
Enjoy
the music while you are running.
_____________
Wang Ying:
Good idea. I’ll _______
join you .
Li Ming:
Good. See you then.
Wang Ying:
See you.
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Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.
1.What is Li Ming doing this weekend?
He’s doing some running this weekend.
2.What is Wang Ying planning to do this weekend?
She’s planning to go online for information this weekend.
3.What does Li Ming ask Wang Ying to do?
He asks her to do physical exercise for health.
4.What does Wang Ying think of running?
It’s boring.
5.Do you think Wang Ying is going to run with Li Ming this weekend?
Why or why not?
I think so, because she’ll listen to her walkman while running with him.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
can’t stand it
direct
无法容忍
直率的
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Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Li Ming:
What do you think of the movie?
was great ! But I can’t stand it when _____________
someone talks
Wang Ying: That _________
Li Ming:
during a movie.
I feel the same way. You know, I can’t stand it when
_____________
people are late .
Wang Ying: You’re talking _________
about me , right?
Li Ming:
Well.
Wang Ying: It’s OK. I _______
when people are direct.
like it
Li Ming:
You want a _____
drink ?
Wang Ying: Yes, please.
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Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.
1.Where have Wang Ying and Li Ming been?
They’ve been to the movies.
2.How was the movie?
It was great.
3.What does Wang Ying dislike?
She can't stand it when someone talks during a movie.
4.What does Li Ming dislike?
He hates it when people are late.
5.Who do you think is direct?
Li Ming.
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4. Make a dialogue in class, asking for personal interests and expressing
your likes and dislikes. Try to use the structures given below.
1. Do you take much interest in…?
2. Are you interested in…?
1. I like it when people….
2. It makes me happy when a
friend/someone….
3. I can’t stand it when people….
4. It really bothers(烦扰) me when
someone/ a person….
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Listening Practice
Listen to people speaking and decide what they are talking about.
5.
1.
script
M: Good news! I’ve found a summer job!
W: That’s great! Anything interesting?
A) A job.
B) A vacation(假期).
C) A newspaper.
D) A movie.
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2.
script
M: They certainly smell good.
W: Mmm. They are good.
A) Music.
B) Weather.
C) Food.
D) Flowers.
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3.
script
M: Can you help me? I’m doing my homework, and I can’t
understand this word.
W: Which one? Oh, that’s difficult. I’m sorry.
A) Classmates.
B) Homework.
C) Housework.
D) Parents.
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4.
script
W: What’s on television tonight?
M: There’s a good movie on after the seven o’clock news.
A) Making a plan
B) Going to the movies.
C) Doing homework.
D) Watching TV.
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5.
script
W: Well, about music, for example. Do you like music?
M: Yes, I do. I like light music.
A) Music.
B) Love.
C) People.
D) Friends.
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6.
Listen to five questions and choose the appropriate answers.
1.
script
I’m going out of town.
A) Here we are.
B) There you go.
C) Oh, where are you going?
D) Oh, where have you been?
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2.
script
O.K. When do you need the books?
A) Yes, I know.
B) No problem.
C) Yes, that’s fine.
D) As soon as possible.
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3.
script
What are the people like?
A) They like stories.
B) They hate money.
C) They are students.
D) They are friendly(友好).
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4.
script
Why? What’s wrong with the sweater?
A) Huh? Why not?
B) Well, it’s the wrong size.
C) Are you sure? Let me see.
D) That’s O.K. Don’t worry about it.
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5.
script
I’m so bored.
A) Well, do something.
B) No, I don’t mind.
C) Of course I do.
D) Oh, yes, it is.
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7.
Listen to five short dialogues and choose the appropriate answers.
1.
script
W: But you can’t go! The party’s just beginning!
M: I’m sorry, but I really have to.
Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?
A) The man is leaving.
B) The man is arriving late.
C) The woman is coming soon.
D) The woman is late for the party.
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2.
script
M: So can I ask you a few questions about yourself?
W: No problem. I like it when people are direct.
Q: What does the woman like?
A) Being rich.
B) Being direct.
C) Being friendly.
D) Being wonderful.
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3.
script
M: It’s ￥90! That’s expensive.
W: Hey, let me get it for you. It’s your birthday present.
Q: What are they doing now?
A) Shopping.
B) Watching TV.
C) Having a party.
D) Moving around.
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4.
script
W: Do women usually work after they get married in your country?
M: No, a lot of women stay home and take care of their families.
Some work.
Q: Do women work after they get married in the man’s country?
A) Few do.
B) Some do.
C) Many of them do.
D) All of them do.
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5.
script
M: I exercise like that about five times a week. What about you?
W: Oh, I hardly ever exercise. I usually just watch TV in my free time.
Q: What does the woman usually do in her free time?
A) She exercises.
B) She watches TV.
C) She listens to music.
D) She makes phone calls.
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8. Listen to the following short talk and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
The talk is given twice.
On a windy day, it may seem to you that the wind is blowing at
____________
great speed .
Then you hear the weather report, and it says, “Winds of 10 to 15 miles per
be fooled
hour.” It’s easy for us to ___________
about the speed of the wind. But the
is important to many people, so there are scientific
exact(精确的) wind speed __________
(科学的) ways of measuring the wind.
was invented in 1667 by
The first tool for measuring the speed of the wind ___________
an Englishman named Robert Hooke. The tool is called an anemometer(风速
many kinds of anemometers, but the most common type now
机). There are __________
used has a number of aluminum(铝) cups on a spindle(杆). They are free to
___________
the wind
turn with
, and the harder the wind blows, the faster the cups
will turn . By counting the number of turns made by the cups in a given
will ________
time, __________________
the speed of the wind may be measured.
155 words
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9. Listen to the talk again and then answer the following questions orally.
1. How do we usually know about wind speed?
By listening to the weather report.
2. What is important to many people?
The exact wind speed.
3. Where was the first tool for measuring the speed of the wind invented?
In England.
4. What is the tool made up of?
It’s made up of a spindle and a number of aluminum cups.
5. How can we measure the speed of the wind？
By counting the number of turns made by the cups in a given time.
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10. Think about your living environment — its places and people — and tell
your classmates about your likes and dislikes using the language you
learned in Exercises 2 & 4.
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Reading & Writing
Text A
Run Like the Wind
Text A Exercises
Grammar Review
Practical Writing
Text B
Exercise: What Can It Do for You?
Text B Exercises
Text C
Devlin’s Advice
Comprehension of the Text
Basic Reading Skills
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Text A
Starter
For many of us, running like the wind sounds like a dream that may never come
true. How fast can you run? Talk to your classmates and find out who is the best
runner. Ask the best runner to tell you how he or she manages to do it.
The name of the best runner is __________ .
He/She can run 100 meters in __________ seconds.
He/She can run so fast because __________.
Now read the following passage and find out what advice the author
gives us in order to run fast.
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Text A
Run Like the Wind
Kristen Hoel
CH
1
Not many kids know this, but a person can actually learn how to run
faster. It’s true. N Even the slowest person on the playground can become
a fast runner by learning and practicing running techniques. Here’s how!
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Text A
The Basic Skills
CH
2 N There are two basic skills needed for running: speed and endurance.
3 Speed is the measure of how fast a person can run.
4 Endurance is the measure of how far a person can run.
5 Most sports require athletes to be skilled at
both speed and endurance. N Football players,
for example, use speed when making a play and
endurance to be able to run up and down the
field for an entire game. Both speed and
endurance can be learned.
?
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Text A
The Secrets of Speed
CH
6 N To run fast, an athlete must use a special running technique known as
sprinting. Here’s how it works:
7
First, think of the foot as four separate parts: 1. heel, 2. arch, 3. pad, 4.
toes.
8
When sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes. The
athlete strikes the ground with the pad of the foot, then pushes off with the toes.
(The heels never touch the ground!) By using only these two parts, the steps
are quicker, and the speed is increased.
9
Another part of sprinting technique is the use of the arms. N It may sound
silly, but the arms actually do help us run faster.
10 A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing the sprinting
technique in his backyard or playground. N It may take some time to perfect,
but as with any other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better one
becomes!
?
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Text A
The Keys to Endurance
CH
11 The second running skill is endurance. An athlete needs good endurance to
be able to run for a long time without getting tired. This is a very important skill
in most sports.
12 N The key to endurance running is to conserve energy. This means using as
little energy as needed to move oneself forward. As with sprinting, there is a
technique runners use to help them become better endurance runners. This
technique is known as the gravity pull technique. Here’s how it works:
13 N First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep
stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep
his balance. Finally — and here’s the tricky part — he stays in that position for
the entire course of the run!
14 It takes quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this technique. N However,
by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward, rather
than having to use his own energy to push himself forward. Isn’t that clever?
?
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Text A
Conclusion
15
CH
Athletes in nearly every sport use both speed and endurance. N The
nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying and
practicing these running techniques. The funny thing is that hardly anyone
knows this!
?
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Chinese Version
跑得飞快
克里斯坦·赫尔
知道这一点的孩子并不多，但实际上一个人可以学会跑得更快。这是
真的。即使运动场上跑得最慢的人也可以通过学习和练习跑的技术成为一
个跑得快的人。办法如下：
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Language Points
Kristen Hoel /  / 克里斯坦·赫
尔
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Language Points
kid //: n. child or young person 小孩；年轻人
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Language Points
actually //: ad. really; in fact 实际上
e.g.
I didn’t actually see her — I just heard her voice.
我实际上并没有看见她，我只是听见她的声音。
Actually, I’m busy at the moment — can I phone you back?
说实在的，我现在正忙着——我给你回电话行吗？
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Language Points
Even the slowest person on the playground can become a fast runner by
learning and practicing running techniques.
即使运动场上跑得最慢的人也可以通过学习和练习跑的技术成为一个跑得快的人。
句中的介词by + 动名词短语 (learning and practicing running techniques)作状语，
表示方式。
课文中多处使用这种结构。如第八段中：By using only the two parts, the steps are
quicker, and the speed is increased.
第十段中：A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing the sprinting
technique in his backyard or playground.
以及最后一段中：The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by
studying and practicing these running techniques.
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Language Points
playground / /: n. area of land where children play,
e.g. as
part of a school (学校的)操场，运动场
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runner / /: n. person or animal that runs; one taking part in a
race
奔跑的人（或动物）；赛跑的人（或动物）
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technique //: n. method of doing or performing sth.
技术；方法；手段
e.g.
farming techniques
农业技术
She is working with her piano teacher to improve her technique.
她正在钢琴老师的帮助下提高自己的演奏技巧。
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1) What are the two basic skills needed for running?
Speed and endurance.
2) What is speed? And what is endurance?
Speed is the measure of how fast a person can run. Endurance is the
measure of how far a person can run.
3) How do athletes, football players, for example, use speed and
endurance in sports?
Athletes, football players, for example, use speed when making a play and
endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game.
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Chinese Version
基本技术
跑需要的基本技能有两种：速度和耐力。
速度测量的是一个人能够跑多快。
耐力测量的是一个人能够跑多远。
大多数体育项目都要求运动员在速度和耐力两方面均技术娴熟。例如，足
球运动员在做动作时要用速度，而要在整场比赛中能在球场上来回奔跑则需要
耐力。速度和耐力都可以学会。
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Language Points
There are two basic skills needed for running: speed and endurance.
= There are two basic skills that / which are needed for running: speed and
endurance.
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basic //: a. simplest or lowest in level
基
本的
e.g.
basic requirements
基本要求
the basic vocabulary of English
英语基础词汇
My knowledge of physics is pretty basic.
我的物理知识相当肤浅。
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speed //: n. rate at which sb./sth. moves 速度；速率
e.g.
the speed of light
光速
drive at a speed of 60 miles an hour
以每小时60英里的速度行驶
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require /wa/: vt. depend on (sb./sth.) for success, fulfillment, etc.;
need
有赖于；需要
e.g.
We require extra help.
我们需要额外的帮助。
This radio requires two batteries.
这台收音机需要两节电池。
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Football players, for example, use speed when making a play and
endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game.
例如，足球运动员在做动作时要用速度，而要在整场比赛中能在球场上来回奔跑则
需要耐力。
句中when making a play实际上是一个省略了主语和助动词be的状语从句，即应为
when they are making a play，表示时间。使用此结构，从句中被省略的主语就
是主句的主语。课文中相似的例子还有第八段：When sprinting, the athlete uses
only two parts, the pad and the toes.
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athlete //: n. person who trains to compete in physical exercises
and
sports
运动员
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skilled / /: a. having skill; skilful 有技能的；熟练的
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up and down: backwards and forwards along (sth.)
来来回回；往返地
e.g.
running up and down the road
沿着马路来回跑
He’s walking up and down outside our house.
他在我们的屋子外面走来走去。
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entire //: a. with no part left out; whole; complete
全部的；整个的
e.g.
She spent the entire day in bed.
她整天都躺在床上。
The entire family was looking at him.
一家子人都看着他。
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for example: as an example 例如
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4) Which parts of the foot do runners use when employing the sprinting
technique? What is the effect（效果，作用）of this?
They use only two parts of the foot — the pad and the toes. By using
these two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased.
5) Does the sprinting technique only involve（包含）the right use of one’s foot?
No, it doesn’t. It also involves the use of arms.
6) How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill?
Athletes can perfect their sprinting skill by practice. The more often they
practice, the better they become.
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Chinese Version
速度的秘密
一个运动员要跑得快就必须运用一种特殊的奔跑技术，这种技术通常被称作冲刺。
冲刺的技术要领如下：
首先，把脚看作四个不同的部分：1. 脚跟； 2. 足弓； 3. 足垫； 4. 脚趾。
在冲刺时，运动员只用脚的两部分，即足垫和脚趾。运动员用足垫撞击地面，然
后用脚趾推动向前。（脚跟从不接触地面！）这样只用两部分，脚步就会加快，速度
就会提高。
冲刺技术的另外一个部分是双臂的运用。这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的
确能帮助我们跑得更快。
年轻的运动员可以在自家的后院或运动场上练习冲刺技术以提高自己的速度。要
达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常，
技术越熟练！
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special //: a. not common, usual, or general
特殊的；特别的
e.g.
What are your special interests?
你有什么特别爱好？
She’s a very special friend of mine.
她是我的一个非常特殊的朋友。
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To run fast, an athlete must use a special running technique known as
sprinting.
句中known as sprinting为过去分词短语作定语, 修饰technique。
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sprint //: v. & n. (短距离的)全速奔跑；冲刺
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known as: called or labeled as
被称为，被标明为
e.g.
a heavyweight boxer known as “The Greatest”
一名被称为“大力士”的重量级拳击手
This area is known as the “Sun Island”.
这个地区被称为“太阳岛”。
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think of… as: regard… as
把…看作
e.g.
I will always think of Shanghai as my second hometown.
我将永远把上海看作我的第二故乡。
They all thought of him as an excellent teacher.
他们都认为他是一个优秀的教师。
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separate / /: 1. a. forming a unit by itself; existing
apart
e.g.
单独存在的；分开的
The children sleep in separate beds.
孩子都睡在各自的床上。
The flat consists of four separate rooms.
那套公寓有四个单间。
2. / / v. divide; (cause to) come apart（使）分开；（使）
分隔
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heel //: n. back part of the human foot 脚后跟
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arch //: n. 足弓；拱；拱门；拱型结构
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pad //: n. 足垫；垫；衬垫；拍纸簿
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toe //: n. each of the five divisions of the front part of the human
foot
脚趾
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touch //: vt. feel (sth.) with one’s hands or another part of his
body
触摸；碰
e.g.
Visitors are asked not to touch the paintings.
参观者请勿触摸画作。
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increase //: v. become or make greater in number, quantity,
size, etc.
增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等）
e.g.
The population of this town has increased greatly.
这个城镇的人口有了大幅度的增长。
They have increased the price of petrol by 3%.
他们把汽油的价格提高了3%。
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Language Points
It may sound silly, but the arms actually do help us run faster.
这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的确能帮助我们跑得更快。
“sound” 在该句中用作连系动词，意为“听起来，似乎”， 之后要跟表语。这一类可
用作为连系动词的动词还有look “看起来”, smell “有…的气味”等。
e.g.
He looks awful.
他面色很难看。
The food smells good. 这食物闻起来很香。
句中 “do” 表示强调。“do”,“does”, “did” 皆可用来表示强调，意为 “的确，确实”。
e.g.
I do feel sorry for Mary. 我真的为玛丽感到难过。
He did find a regular job. 他确实找到了一份固定工作。
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yard //: n. 院子；天井；庭院；码（英美长度单位，1码=3英尺，合0.9144米）
backyard //: n. 后院
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It may take some time to perfect, but as with any other athletic skill, the
more often one practices, the better one becomes!
要达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常，
技术越熟练！
the more… the more 相当于汉语中的“越…越…”，表示两个过程按比例同时增或
减。这种句型的前一个the more… 结构是从句，后一个the more… 结构是主句。
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perfect: 1. / / a. not having any mistakes, faults, etc.; ideal;
complete
完美的，完善的；理想的；完全的
2. / / vt. make perfect or complete
使完美；使完全；完成
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athletic //: a. 运动的，体育的；运动员的
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7) Why is good endurance important in running?
Good endurance is important in running because it enables an athlete
to run for a long time without getting tired.
8) What is the key to endurance running?
The key to endurance running is to conserve energy.
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9) What is the gravity pull technique? How does it work?
The gravity pull technique is a technique which enables an athlete to use
the pull of gravity to move himself forward rather than using his own
energy. It works in this way: First, the athlete leans forward just enough
so that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he
swings his arms long, to keep his balance. Third, he stays in that position
for the entire course of the run.
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Chinese Version
增强耐力之要诀
第二项跑的技能是耐力。运动员需要很好的耐力才能跑很长的时间而不疲劳。在
大多数体育项目中这都是一项非常重要的技能。
耐力跑的要诀是保存能量。这意味着用所需的最小能量使自己向前移动。像冲刺
一样，也有一项技术可用来帮助跑步者成为好的耐力跑步者。这项技术通常被称作重
力引力技术。其技术要领如下：
首先，运动员前倾的幅度不要太大，只要使他不停地向前跨步使自己不致摔倒即
可。其次，摆臂的幅度要大，以保持身体平衡。最后——这是很难对付的一部分——
在跑的整个过程中一直保持这种姿势。
在这项技术上达到熟练程度需要进行相当多的练习。然而，用这种方式跑，运动
员就可以运用重力的引力向前跑。这样做不是很聪明吗？
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The key to endurance running is to conserve energy. This means using as
little energy as needed to move oneself forward.
耐力跑的要诀是保存能量。这意味着用所需的最小能量使自己向前移动。
此句中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连接词，连接一个省略了it is的句子，即：
This means using as little energy as it is needed to move oneself forward.
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key to: the means to achieve a particular goal, or the explanation of sth.,
which has been a puzzle (解决问题或达到目的等的)关键, 要诀
key后常接介词 to。
e.g.
He has provided the key to the whole problem.
他为解决整个问题提供了办法。
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conserve //: vt. prevent (sth.) from being changed, lost or
destroyed 保护；保藏；保存
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energy //: n. the power which can produce heat and drive
machines
e.g.
能源；能量
a cheap source of energy
一种廉价的能源
nuclear energy
核能
solar energy
太阳能
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forward //: ad. towards the front 向前
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gravity //: n. 万有引力;地心引力;重力
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lean //: vi. be in a sloping position; bend 倾斜;弯曲;屈身
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keep from: prevent (oneself) from doing sth.; stop (oneself) doing sth.
克制（自己）不做某事
e.g.
She could hardly keep (herself) from crying.
她忍不住哭了起来。
I just managed to keep (myself) from falling.
我总算使自己没有摔倒。
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swing //: (swung //) 1. v. (使)摆动,(使)摇动
2. n. 摆动,摇摆;秋千
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keep one’s balance: keep steady; remain upright 保持平衡；立稳
e.g.
It is difficult to keep one’s balance on an icy pavement.
在结冰的人行道上很难保持身体平衡。
balance //: 1. n. 平衡,均衡;天平;秤
2. vt. 使平衡;(用天平)称;权衡
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course /C/: n. movement from one point to another in space or time
过程；进程
e.g.
he course of history
历史的进程
In the course of our journey, I told her everything.
在旅途中我把一切都告诉了她。
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tricky /r/: a. difficult to answer or deal with
难以回答的;难对付的;棘手的
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quite a bit (of): a large amount (of) 大量
e.g.
She’s made quite a bit of money.
她挣了不少钱。
It takes quite a bit of time to get from Beijing to Guangzhou.
从北京到广州要花很多时间。
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rather than: in preference to (sb./sth.); instead of 不愿；不要；不是
e.g.
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
It’s the manager that’s at fault rather than the employees.
错在经理，而不在雇员。
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position //: n. particular way of standing, sitting, etc.; place
where
sb./sth. is; person’s rank or place; person’s job or
responsibility 姿势,姿态;位置;地位;职位
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be known as: be regarded or called as
被认为是；被叫作，被称作
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First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping
forward to keep from falling.
首先，运动员前倾的幅度不要太大，只要使他不停地向前跨步使自己不致摔倒即可。
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However, by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to
move forward, rather than having to use his own energy to push himself
forward.
然而，用这种方式跑，运动员就可以
力向前跑。
运用重力的引力，而无须非凭借自身的体
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10) What is the nice thing and the funny thing about the two running
techniques?
The nice thing is that everybody can become a better athlete by
learning and practicing these running techniques; the funny thing is
that hardly anyone knows this.
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Chinese Version
结论
几乎每个体育项目的运动员都要运用速度和耐力。令人高兴的是，任何
人都可以通过学习和练习这些跑的技术成为一名更好的运动员。奇怪的是，
几乎没有人知道这一点！
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conclusion //: n. opinion, decision or judgement
arrived at
after some thought 结论
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funny // causing amusement, laughter, etc.; difficult to explain or
understand; strange 可笑的；难以理解的；奇怪的
e.g.
He is a funny man.
他是个风趣的人。
A funny thing happened to me this afternoon.
今天下午我碰到一件莫名其妙的事。
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anyone //: pron. any person 任何人
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The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying
and practicing these running techniques. The funny thing is that hardly
anyone knows this!
令人高兴的是，任何人都可以通过学习和练习这些跑的技术成为一名更好的运动员。
奇怪的是，几乎没有人知道这一点！
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Text A Exercises
Reading Aloud
Understanding the Text
Reading Analysis
Vocabulary
Structure
Translation
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1. Read the following paragraphs until you have learned them by heart.
The second running skill is endurance. An athlete needs good endurance to
be able to run for a long time without getting tired. This is a very important skill in
most sports.
The key to endurance running is to conserve energy. This means using as
little energy as needed to move oneself forward. As with sprinting, there is a
technique runners use to help them become better endurance runners. This
technique is known as the gravity pull technique. Here’s how it works:
First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping
forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep his
balance. Finally — and here’s the tricky part — he stays in that position for the
entire course of the run!
It takes quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this technique. However, by
running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward, rather than
having to use his own energy to push himself forward. Isn’t that clever?
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2. Answer the following questions.
1.What are the two basic skills needed for running?
2.What is speed? And what is endurance?
3.How do athletes, such as football players, use speed and endurance in sports?
4.Which parts of the foot do runners use when employing the sprinting technique?
What is the effect（效果，作用）of it?
5.Does sprinting technique only involve（包含）the right use of one’s foot?
6.How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill?
7.Why is good endurance important in running?
8.What is the key to endurance running?
9.What is the gravity pull technique? How does it work?
10.What is the nice thing and the funny thing about the two running techniques?
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3. Topics for Discussion.
1. Do you like running? Why or why not?
2. Running, especially distance running, is a test of one’s endurance.
Is endurance also important in doing other things? Discuss the
importance of endurance in your work and study.
PREV.
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4. Read Text A again and complete the following table.
Part
Topic
Paragraph(s)
Main Idea
Ⅰ
Introduction
1
All people can run faster if __________
they learn
___________________________
and
practice running techniques.
Ⅱ
Two basic
skills
____
2-5
Speed
and enduranceare the two basic
__________________
skills that athletes need to succeed.
Ⅲ
__________
The
Secrets
_________
of
Speed
6-10
Using the sprinting technique helps
run faster .
athletes_________
Ⅳ
The key to
endurance
Ⅴ
Conclusion
__________
_____
11-14
15
Using the gravity pull technique helps
run longer .
athletes __________
Everyone can become a better runner if he
________________________________
or she has learnt the running techniques.
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5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
actually energy
entire increase position
secret
separate skilled special speed
require
touch
1. Those buildings are so tall that they seem to ______ the sky.
touch
2. We need someone with _____ and enthusiasm（热情) to do this job.
enegy
3. He was driving at a _____ of 90 miles per hour on his way home.
speed
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4. Of course he is our landlord（房东）; he owns the _____ building.
entire
5. Is there anything ______ that you’d like to do this afternoon, Peter?
special
6. China’s GDP(国内生产总值) ______ by 9.1 percent in 2003.
increased
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7. Believe it or not, our foreign teacher is quite _____ at cooking Chinese dishes.
skilled
8. She seems so quiet, but _____ she likes to talk.
actually
9. This word has four _____ meanings.
seperate
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10. You are _____ by law to stop your car after an accident（事故）.
required
11. What’s your _____ for looking so young?
secret
12. I go to sleep on my back but I always wake up in a different _____ .
position
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6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
keep from keep one’s balance
rather than
think of… as
1. She was running __________
known as
quite a bit (of)
up and down
outside her house, shouting for help.
up and down
2. The noise from the next door ____ me _____sleeping last night.
keep … from
3. The disease is more commonly _______ Mad Cow Disease.
known as
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4. He is having ________ trouble with his car, isn’t he?
quite a bit of
5. The little girl had to hold onto the railings（扶手）to keep her balance .
keep her balance
6. I prefer to live near my work _____ spend a lot of time travelling every day.
rather than
7. I used to _____ him __ someone who would always help me, but I was wrong.
think of … as
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7. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English, using “the more… the more” structure .
Model:
The more often one practices, the better one becomes!
The faster you run the more likely you are to win the race. （你跑得越
1. ________________,
快）
2. Actually the less she worried, __________________.（
the better she worked 她干得越好）
The more information people have the easier things are.（人们掌握的信
3. ____________________________,
息越多）
the more I liked it （我越喜欢它）
4. The more I read the poem（诗）, ______________.
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8. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model, omitting what can
be omitted.
Model:
When he is sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes.
→When sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes.1．
1. Though it is small, the restaurant offers nice food and good service.
★Though small, the restaurant offers nice food and good service.
2. While I was sitting there, I examined every part of the room.
★While sitting there, I examined every part of the room.
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3. When he was crossing the street, Tom was hit by a car.
★When crossing the street, Tom was hit by a car.
4. The teacher spoke slowly as if she was trying to impress every word on
our minds.
★The teacher spoke slowly as if trying to impress every word on our minds.
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9. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 汤姆的故事很滑稽，我们都忍不住笑了起来。
Tom’s
story was so funny that we couldn’t keep (ourselves) from laughing.
__________________________________________________________
2. 德语系和英语系分处两幢楼，而不是在同一幢楼里。
The German department and the English department are in
_________________________________________________
two separate buildings rather than in the same one.
____________________________________________
3. 伍兹(Woods)具备什么其他高尔夫球运动员(golfer)不具备的特殊技巧呢？
What special skill does Woods have that other golfers do not?
____________________________________________________
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4. 跑步是最大众化的运动方式，因为它不需要什么训练或器材(equipment)。
_________________________________________________
Running is the most popular form of exercise because it
requires little training or equipment.
_________________________________________________
5. 需要相当多的练习才能在速度和耐力两方面均技术娴熟。
It takes quite a bit of practice in order to be skilled at both
____________________________________________
speed and endurance.
____________________________________________
6. 他被认为是我们学校跑得最快的人，尽管他对跑步的技巧一无所知。
He is known as the fastest runner of our school though he
_________________________________________________
knows nothing about the techniques needed for running.
_________________________________________________
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Grammar Review
Verb Tenses (4)
The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect（现在完成时和过去完成时）
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系。现在完成时由助动词have/
has加动词-ed分词构成。
过去完成时主要表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况（也可说是“过去的过去”）。过去
完成时由had加动词-ed分词构成。
现在完成时（The Present Perfect）
用 法
1.表示动作到现在为止已经完
成
例
句
The taxi has arrived.
出租车已经到了。
Her bicycle has been broken.
她的自行车已经坏了。
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用 法
例
句
2. 表示过去的一个动作，但其
发生的时间不确切或不知道
Linda still hasn’t finished her assignment.
琳达还没完成她的功课。
Have you ever been to Paris?
你去过巴黎吗？
3．表示过去反复发生的动作
I have gone to the post office twice today.
我今天都到邮局去过两次了。
Jenny has taken several courses this year.
珍妮今年已经修了几门课程了。
4. 表示从过去延续至今的动
作、状态，常与for 和 since
引导的短语或从句连用
We have lived here since 1982.
从1982年以来，我们就一直住在这儿。
Our family has owned that house for generations.
这房子已经属于我们家好几代人了。
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过去完成时（The Past Perfect）
用 法
例 句
1 . 表示过去某时前已发生的
动作或情况
We had already learned two thousand words by the end
of last year.
到去年年底我们已经学了2 000个单词。
Until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for six
months.
到那时为止，他家里已经有6个月没得到他的消息了。
2. 与由when/before/after/until
等连词引导的分句连用，表
示过去某一动作之前的动作
When we arrived at the theatre, they had waited for more
than twenty minutes.
我们到达剧院的时候，他们已经等了20多分钟。
The train had left before I reached the station.
我到达车站的时候火车已经开走了。
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用 法
例
句
3．动词expect, hope, think,
want等用过去完成时, 表示过
去的愿望、预期或意图等没
有实现
They had wanted to help but couldn’t get there in time.
他们本想帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那儿。
I had hoped that we would be able to leave tomorrow,
but it’s beginning to look difficult.
我曾希望我们能在明天离开，但现在看来很难做到。
4. 用于if, as if, I wish引导的分
句中，表示与过去事态相反
的主观设想
If you had walked faster, you wouldn’t have missed
the train.
如果你当初走快一些，你就不会搭不上火车了。
I wish I hadn’t said that.
我真希望自己没有说过这样的话。
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10 Complete each of the following sentences with the verbs given in their right
tenses.
A. Use the proper tenses of verbs given to fill in the blanks.
1.When we were kids, we ____
went (go) to Beijing for our holidays, but I have
_______
not
been (not be) there for years.
2. We ____
__________
lived (live) in Hunan from 1995 to 2001, but we have
moved (move)
to Hainan now.
3. They ___________
did not come (not come) to our party yesterday, even though we
_______
had sent (send) them a special invitation.
4. ____
_________
was (be) late for the film. It had
started (start) half an hour before.
5. Nobody ________
has seen (see) Boris Norman since last Saturday. He _____
left
(leave) the house in the middle of the night.
worked (work) for Mr. and Mrs. Norman for six months now.
6. Mary has
_________
She _____
clears (clean) Mrs. Norman’s room every day.
7. Her father ____
died (die) in 1988. He ________
had been (be) ill since 1986.
8. Gloria _______
returned (return) to Scotland in 1987. She ________
had lived (live) in the
USA for five years.
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B．The following is a simplified excerpt from Of Human Bondage (《人生的
枷锁》), one of Somerset Maugham’s most outstanding novels. Fill in the
blanks with the verbs given in their right tenses.
Philip walked out of the house. His school-days were over, and he (1) ____
was
had expected (expect) at that
(be) free; but the wild joy which he (2) ___________
moment (3) was
___ (be) not there. He walked round the school slowly, and a
deep regret seized him. He wished now that he (4) had
__________
not been (not be)
foolish. He did not want to go, but he knew he could never bring himself to
stay (stay). That was a
go to the headmaster and tell him he (5) would
_________
shame he could never put upon himself. He wondered whether he (6)
had done (do) right. He asked himself whether you wished that you (7)
________
got (get) it.
________
hadn’t got (not get) your way after you (8) ___
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Practical Writing
Business/Name Card
Exchanging business cards is a convenient way of informing a new
acquaintance of who you are, who you work for, as well as what your business
and regulatory status are. Nowadays it’s becoming more and more common
for people to carry business cards. With the many and varied ways we all stay
in contact with friends, clients and colleagues we are all finding it quite
convenient to have a business card where all our contact details are listed.
Things to include on your Name Card:
Name of your organization
Your current title
Work address
Work phone
Mobile phone number
Fax number
Email address
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Title
A title is used to state a person’s professional rank, qualifications, position
in an organization, etc. Some widely used titles are shown as follows:
主席/董事长 Chairman/President
总监/主任 Director
执行董事 Executive Director
总经理 General Manager
总裁 Chief Executive Officer (C.E.O)
公关部经理 Pubic Relation (PR) Manager
营业部经理 Business Manager
高级会计师 Senior Accountant
教授 Professor
副教授 Associate Professor
销售部经理 Sales Manager
高级工程师 Senior Engineer
技师 Technician
建筑师 Architect
设计师 Designer
机械师 Mechanic
质检员 Quality Inspector
讲师 Instructor/Lecturer
系主任 Dean
(大学)校长 President
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11 Please write an English business card for Mr. Chen Yang based on the
Chinese one given below.
SUTON
英国苏特恩国际运输有限公司
Chen Yang
Operations Manager, China
陈
洋
中国营运经理
Suton International Shipping Limited
Representative Office
Add: 88 south Chang Jiang Road, Shanghai, China
中国上海长江南路88号
电话：(86) 21-5655 9222
邮编：200441
传真：(86) 21-5655 9226
电子邮件：[email protected]
手机：13501988832
Zip code: 200441
Tel: (86) 21-56559222
Fax: (86) 21-56559226
Email: [email protected] Mobile:13501988832
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12 Write a business card in English according to the information given below.
Mr. James Green works in Green Industries Inc.
He is the General Manager (总经理) of the company.
His telephone number is (01)306-824-4556.
His fax number is (01)306-821-9866.
His company is located at 999 Park Avenue, Rockford, IL 61265, USA.
His e-mail is [email protected].
Suggested Answer:
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Suggested Answer:
Green Industries Inc.
James Green
General Manager
999 Park Avenue, Rockford, IL 61265, USA
Tel: (01)306-824-4556.
Fax: (01)306-821-9866.
Email : [email protected].
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Text B
Exercise: What Can It Do for You?
Author Unknown
CH
1 N Americans of all ages are running, jumping, and lifting weights to keep
in shape. Many people believe that exercise is good for the body and for the
mind. They say that exercise helps them lose weight, become more attractive,
or keep their shape as they get older. Some people who have very stressful
lives say that exercise helps them relax. These people think that exercise will
help them avoid the health problems that stress causes — such as heart
disease. N Some of these beliefs are fantasies: things that are impossible or
untrue. Other beliefs are facts: things that are true because people have
proven them in studies.
?
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Text B
CH
2 What are the facts about exercise? Can you actually change the shape
of your body simply by exercising? Can any woman look like Jane Fonda if she
works out? Can any man look like Arnold Schwarzenegger if he lifts weights
long enough? As a matter of fact, the answer is no, not really.
N Genetics determined the number of fat cells you have and your
muscle definition (how visible your muscles are) before you were
born, so there is a limit to how much your body can change now
with exercise. However, you can lose weight by burning (using up)
more calories than you take in. N Exercise combined with dieting
can help, but you probably won’t look like Ms. Fonda unless you
did before you started. Also, you can strengthen and enlarge your
muscles; this can improve your overall appearance, but it probably
won’t make you look like Mr. Schwarzenegger unless you were
born with his kind of muscle definition.
?
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Text B
CH
3 N What about reducing stress by exercising? N In fact, studies have
shown that doing aerobic exercise (exercise that increases your heart rate)
causes the brain to release endorphins, a chemical in your body that
reduces pain and relaxes the body. Again, there is no guarantee that
exercise will prevent a heart attack or a stroke, especially if members of
your family have had these diseases. N But if you exercise, have a good
diet, don’t smoke, and have a relaxed, positive attitude, you will reduce
your chances of getting stress-related illnesses.
(354 words)
?
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1) For what purpose do Americans of all ages exercise?
Americans of all ages exercise for the purpose of keeping in shape. Many
of them believe that exercise is good for the body and for the mind.
2) Why do people who lead stressful lives exercise?
People who lead stressful lives exercise because they believe that
exercise helps them relax and avoid stress related problems, such as
heart disease.
3) Are these people’s beliefs about exercise facts or fantasies?
Some of the beliefs are fantasies. Other beliefs are facts.
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Chinese Version
运动：它能为你做什么？
佚名
各种不同年龄的美国人都在跑步、跳跃和举重，以保持身体健康。很多人相信，
运动对身心有好处。他们说，运动有助于他们减轻体重，变得更有吸引力，或年纪
大时仍保持原有的体形。还有些生活节奏非常紧张的人说，运动能帮助他们放松。
这些人认为，运动能帮助他们避免由紧张引起的多种健康问题——例如心脏病。这
些信念中有些是幻想：不可能或不真实的东西。其他的信念则是事实：真实的东西，
因为人们在研究中已经证实了它们。
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Language Points
(keep) in shape: (keep) fit (保持)健康
e.g.
She exercises every day to keep in shape.
她每天锻炼以保持身体健康。
You’ll never be in shape unless you eat less and have more exercise.
只有少吃多锻炼你才能健美。
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Language Points
good for (sb./sth.): beneficial to (sb./sth.) 对…有益的
e.g.
Jogging is good for your health.
慢跑对你的健康有益。
Sunshine is good for your plants.
阳光对你的花草有好处。
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Language Points
lose weight: (of a person) become less heavy; slim
（指人）减轻体重，变苗条
e.g.
He has decided that he needs to lose weight.
他已决定他需要减肥。
weight //: n. how heavy sb. or sth. is when measured by a
particular system 重量
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Language Points
attractive //: a. having the power to attract; pleasant to
look at;
pretty; charming; appealing; handsome
e.g.
有吸引力的；有魅力的；妖媚动人的；漂亮的；英俊的
She is a very attractive woman.
她是一个很有魅力的女人。
I have got a new job at an attractive salary.
我已经得到一份新工作，薪水很有吸引力。
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Language Points
stressful //: a. 压力重的；紧张的
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Language Points
relax //: vi. stop being nervous, tense, etc.
放松；轻
松
e.g.
Let your muscles relax slowly.
让你的肌肉慢慢放松。
He relaxes by riding his bicycle.
他通过骑自行车来放松自己。
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Language Points
avoid //: vt. stay away from 避免
e.g.
I think he’s avoiding me.
我觉得他在躲着我。
We should try to avoid making the same mistakes.
我们应避免犯同样的错误。
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Language Points
stress //: n. mental or physical strain or difficulty caused by
pressure
e.g.
压力；紧张
Her headaches are due to stress.
她的头痛是由于紧张造成的。
She is under a lot of stress because her boss gives her too much work.
由于老板给她的工作过多，她承受着很大的压力。
stressful //: a. 压力重的；紧张的
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Language Points
cause /C/: vt. make (sth.) happen
使发生，引起
e.g.
His carelessness caused the car accident.
他的粗心大意造成了那起车祸。
That caused her to change her mind.
那件事使她改变了主意。
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Language Points
disease //: n. (an) illness or disorder caused by infection or
unnatural growth, not by an accident 病；疾病
e.g.
catch / die of / cure a disease
染/ 死于/ 治（疾）病
Disease destroys many lives in the poor parts of the world.
疾病夺去了世界贫困地区的许多生命。
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Language Points
belief //: n. sth. believed; an idea which is considered true
信念；信仰
e.g.
It is my belief that running is good for the body and for the mind.
我相信跑步对身心都有好处。
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Language Points
fantasy //: n. imagination or fancy, esp. when completely
unrelated to reality; product of the imagination; wild
or unrealistic notion
想象；幻想；想象的产物；荒诞的念头；怪念头
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Language Points
impossible //: a. not possible; not able to be done
不可能的；办不到的
e.g.
an impossible task
不可能完成的任务
It’s impossible to do all the work before tomorrow.
明天之前要把所有的工作都干完是不可能的。
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Language Points
untrue //: a. not true; contrary to fact
不真实的；与事实相反的；假的
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Language Points
prove //: vt. show that (sth.) is true or certain by means of
argument or evidence
证明，证实
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Language Points
Americans of all ages are running, jumping, and lifting weights to keep in
shape. Many people believe that exercise is good for the body and for
the mind.
各种不同年龄的美国人都在跑步、跳跃和举重，以保持身体健康。很多人相信，运
动对身心有好处。
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Language Points
Some of these beliefs are fantasies: things that are impossible or untrue.
Other beliefs are facts: things that are true because people have proven
them in studies.
这些信念中有些是幻想：不可能或不真实的东西。其他的信念则是事实:真实的东西，
因为人们在研究中已经证实了它们。
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4) Why can’t any woman look like Jane Fonda by doing exercise?
This is because genetics determines the number of a woman’s fat cells and
her muscle definition before she is born. So there is actually a limit to how
much her body can change with exercise.
5) How can a woman lose weight if she wishes to?
A woman can lose weight by using up more calories than she takes in.
For example, exercise combined with dieting can help.
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Chinese Version
关于运动的事实是什么呢？仅仅通过运动你就真的能够改变体形？如果进行锻炼
是否任何女人都能看上去像简·方达那样身段优美？如果经常举重是否任何男人都能
像阿诺德·施瓦辛格那样肌肉发达？事实上，答案是不，并非如此。在你出生前，遗
传性就决定了你的脂肪细胞数和你的肌肉线条（你肌肉的显露程度），所以，你的身
体通过运动能改变多少是有一个限度的。然而，如果你烧掉（消耗掉）的卡路里超过
你摄入的卡路里，你的确能减轻体重。运动与节食相结合能有所帮助，但你大概不会
看上去像方达女士那样身段优美，除非你在开始运动前已经身材优美。同样地，你的
确能增强并扩大你的肌肉；这可以改进你的整体外观，但它大概不会使你看上去像施
瓦辛格那样肌肉发达，除非你一生下来就有他那种肌肉线条。
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Language Points
simply/ /: ad. just or only 仅仅，只不过
e.g.
I’d like to help. It’s simply a question of money.
我乐意帮忙，那只不过是个钱的问题。
I bought the house simply because it was large.
就是因为这所房子大我才买的。
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Language Points
work out: train the body through heavy physical exercise
做大运动量的锻炼
e.g.
She works out at the local health club.
她在当地的健身俱乐部锻炼身体。
She’s working out in the gym right now.
此刻她正在健身房里锻炼身体。
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as a matter of fact: in reality; to tell the truth
事实上；说真的；其实
e.g.
As a matter of fact, we were just talking about you when you came in.
实际上，在你进来的时候，我们正谈到你。
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not really: used to say “no” or “not completely”
事实上不是（或不会、没有）
e.g.
“Are you happy to be here?” “Well, no, not really.”
“你乐意来这儿吗？”“ 嗯，不，事实上我并不乐意。”
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Language Points
genetics //: n. scientific study of the ways in
which
characteristics are passed from parents to
their offspring 遗传学
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Language Points
determine //: v. fix (sth.) precisely; decide; make up
one’s mind
about (sth.) 确定；决定；下决心
e.g.
determine the date for a meeting
确定会议日期
The weather will determine if we have the party outdoors or not.
天气将决定我们是否在户外举办聚会。
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cell //: n. 细胞；小牢房，单身牢房；电池
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muscle //: n. 肌肉
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definition //: n. 定义；释义；（轮廓、线条等的）
清晰
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visible //: a. that can be seen; in sight; that can be noticed;
apparent
看得见的，可见的；易觉察的；明显的
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limit //: n. the greatest amount or extent allowed 限制；
限度
e.g.
The speed limit is 55 miles per hour in many states.
在很多州，车速限制是每小时55英里。
There is no limit to what one can learn.
学无止境。
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use up: use (material, etc.) until no more is left 用尽（材料等）
e.g.
We have used up our sugar.
我们的糖用完了。
She used up all her money in six months.
她6个月就把所有的钱花光了。
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take in: absorb (sth.) into the body by breathing or swallowing it
将(某物)吸入(或吞入)体内；摄取
e.g.
Sharks take in water through the mouth.
鲨鱼用嘴巴喝水。
The earth takes in heat and light from the sun.
地球从太阳那里吸收热和光。
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Language Points
Exercise combined with dieting can help, but you probably won’t look like Ms.
Fonda unless you did before you started.
运动与节食相结合能有所帮助，但你大概不会看上去像方达女 士那样身段优美，除非
你在开始运动前已经身材优美。
Exercise combined with… = Exercise that is combined with dieting can
help…本句中的“combined with… ” 是过去分词短语, 修饰 “exercise” 。
“unless you did before you started”中did是looked like Ms. Fonda的省略表示。
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combine //: v. (cause things to) join or mix together to form
a
whole （使）结合；（使）联合
e.g.
combine theory with practice
把理论和实践结合起来
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calorie //: n. unit for measuring a quantity of heat
卡路里，卡（热量单位）
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probably //: ad. almost certainly; very likely
大概；很可能
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Ms //: abbr. title that comes before the (first name and the) surname
of
a woman whether married or unmarried
女士（冠于已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前的称呼）
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strengthen //: v. (cause sb./sth. to) become
stronger
加强；巩固；变强
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enlarge //: v. (cause sth. to) become
large
（使）变大；扩大；放大
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improve //: v. (cause sth. to) become better（使某事物）改进，
改善
e.g.
Her health is gradually improving.
她的健康状况正在逐渐好转。
He studied hard to improve his English.
他刻苦学习以提高英语水平。
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overall /C/: a. including everything or the whole
of sth.
e.g.
全部的；包括一切的；总的
The overall length of that table is eight feet.
那张桌子全长8英尺。
The overall cost of the repairs is more than we expected.
修理的总费用高于我们的预计。
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appearance //: n. that which shows; what sb./sth. appears
to be
e.g.
外表；外貌；外观
Don’t judge by appearances.
不要凭外表来判断。（或：勿以貌取人。）
From his appearance he seemed very wealthy.
从外表看他显得很富有。
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Language Points
Genetics determined the number of fat cells you have and your muscle
definition (how visible your muscles are) before you were born, so there is
a limit to how much your body can change now with exercise.
在你出生前，遗传性就决定了你的脂肪细胞数和你的肌肉线条（你肌肉的显露程度），
所以，你的身体现在通过运动能改变多少是有一个限度的。
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Jane Fonda / / 简·方达（1937- ）（美国著名电影女演
员；1980
年代所撰写、录制的有关健美的书和录像带很畅
销，影响很大）
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Arnold Schwarzenegger / /
阿诺德·施瓦辛格（1947- )(奥裔美国电影演员，动作片巨星，
曾在国际健美比赛中多次胜出；2003年竞选加州州长并当选）
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6) Can exercise help reduce stress? If so, how?
Yes, it can. Doing aerobic exercise causes the brain to release endorphins,
a chemical in the body that reduces pain and relaxes the body.
7) Can exercise prevent a heart attack or a stroke?
No, there is no guarantee that exercise will prevent either, especially if
members of one’s family have had these diseases.
8) How can we reduce our chances of getting stress related illnesses?
We can reduce our chances of getting stress related illnesses by doing
exercise, having a good diet, not smoking, and having a relaxed, positive
attitude.
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Chinese Version
通过运动来减少压力又怎么样呢？实际上，研究已经表明，做有氧运动（加快心
率的运动）能促使脑释放内啡肽，这是身体内的一种减轻痛苦、使身体放松的化学物
质。然而，不能保证运动会防止心脏病发作或中风，特别是如果你的家庭成员中有人
患过这些疾病。但如果你运动，饮食得当，不吸烟，有一个从容、积极的态度，你就
会减少患上与紧张有关的疾病的可能性。
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Language Points
What about reducing stress by exercising?
我们可以用“what about” 来询问消息或提出建议。
e.g.
What about a cup of coffee?
来一杯咖啡怎么样？
“Peter’s coming.” “What about Mary?”
“彼德要来。”“那么玛丽呢？”
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reduce //: vt. make (sth.) smaller in size, number, degree,
price, etc.
e.g.
减小；减少；降低
reduce volume/quantity/pressure/speed
缩小体积 / 减少数量 / 降低压力 / 减低速度
He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.
他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。
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Language Points
In fact, studies have shown that doing aerobic exercise (exercise that
increases your heart rate) causes the brain to release endorphins, a chemical
in your body that reduces pain and relaxes the body.
实际上，研究已经表明，做有氧运动（加快心率的运动）能促使脑释放内啡肽,这是你
身体内的一种减轻痛苦、使身体放松的化学物质。
“ a chemical in your body that reduces pain and relaxes the body” 是
endorphins的同位语，对endorphins起解释作用。
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in fact: in truth; really 事实上；实际上；其实
e.g.
That sounds rather simple, but in fact it’s very difficult.
那听起来相当容易，实际上却很难。
I don’t mind if you can’t give me a lift. In fact, I’d quite like to walk.
你不让我搭车我无所谓；实际上我很喜欢步行。
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aerobic //: a. 增氧健身的
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rate //: n. 比率，率；速率，速度；等级
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brain //: n. organ of the body that controls thought, memory
and
feeling, consisting of a mass of soft grey matter in the
head; mind or intellect; intelligence 脑；头脑；智力
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release //: vt. allow (a person or an animal) to go; set free or
liberate
(sb./sth.) 放走；释放
e.g.
He was released from prison yesterday.
他昨天从监狱里放出来了。
The operation released him from years of pain.
手术解脱了他多年的痛苦。
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endorphin /C/: n. 内啡
肽
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guarantee //: 1. n. 保证，担保
2. vt. undertake to be legally responsible for 保证，担保
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prevent //: vt. stop from happening; avoid
防止；避
免
e.g.
prevent the spread of a disease/ a disease from spreading
防止某种疾病蔓延
The rain prevented me from going.
那场雨让我没能去成。
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attack //: 1. n. violent attempt to hurt and/or defeat; strong
criticism in
speech or writing; sudden start of an illness, etc.
攻击；进攻；抨击；（疾病的）突然发作
2. v. make an attack; criticize severely
攻击；进攻；抨击
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stroke //: n. act or process of striking; blow; sudden attack of
illness
in the brain that can cause loss of the power to move,
speak clearly, etc. 击，打；打击；中风
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especially //: ad. in particular; specially 尤其；
特别
e.g.
I love Italy, especially in summer.
我很喜欢意大利，尤其是在夏天。
I bought this present especially for you.
我专门为你买了这件礼物。
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But if you exercise, have a good diet, don’t smoke, and have a relaxed,
positive attitude, you will reduce your chances of getting stress-related
illnesses.
注意：在由“if” 引导的条件状语从句中, 表示将来的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示,
而主句仍然用一般将来时。
e.g.
I will pay for the movie if you pay for dinner.
如果你付饭钱，我就买电影票。
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positive / /: a. certain about one’s opinion; providing help;
constructive; showing confidence and optimism
有把握的；有助益的；建设性的；有信心的；乐观的
e.g.
He’s very positive about the future.
他对未来非常乐观。
He has a positive attitude toward his work; he likes it and does it well.
他对自己的工作持有一种积极的态度，他热爱它并且做得很好。
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attitude / /: n. way of thinking or behaving 看法；态度
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relate //: vt. tell; see, show the relation between
讲；叙述；使互相关联；证明…之间的联系
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illness //: n. state of being ill in body or mind
病；疾
病
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Exercises
13. Answer the following questions.
1. For what purpose do Americans of all ages exercise?
2. Why do people who lead stressful lives exercise?
3. Are these people’s beliefs about exercise facts or fantasies?
4. Why can’t any woman look like Jane Fonda by doing exercise?
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5. How can a woman lose weight if she wishes to?
6. Can exercise help reduce stress? If so, how?
7. Can exercise prevent a heart attack or a stroke?
8. How can we reduce our chances of getting stress-related illnesses?
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14.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
appearance avoid
determine especially
impossible
improve
limit positive prove relax
release stress
1. It is almost _________
impossible for me to stay in the same position for the entire
course of the run.
2. After work she _______
relaxed with a cup of tea and the newspaper.
3. I try to avoid
_____ the playground when running — it’s always so crowded.
4. People under a lot of ______
stress may experience headaches and sleeping
difficulties.
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5. Your health is __________
determined in part by what you eat and how you exercise.
6. Studies have_______
proved that exercise helps reduce stress.
7. I think we ought to put a strict ____
limit on the amount of time we can spend
on the project（项目）.
8. Her health has ________
improved greatly since she increased her exercise and
started on the new diet.
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9.You can change the whole __________
appearance of your room simply by decorating
it with one or two beautiful pictures.
10.The contraction（收缩) of muscles uses energy and _______
release heat.
especially football and basketball.
11.John is very fond of ball games, _________
12.It’s great being with her because she’s got such a _______
positive attitude
towards everything.
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15.
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
as a matter of fact in fact
not really
take in
(keep) in shape
use up
lose weight
what about
1. Many pregnant（怀孕的）moms enjoy swimming to ____________,
keep in shape but
have trouble finding anything fashionable to wear.
2. — Have you always lived here?
— _______________,
As a matter of fact I’ve only lived here for the last three years.
3. I did __________
lose weight but found that the weight returned as soon as I returned to
my normal diet.
4.— I’ve invited John and Mary to your birthday party.
— __________
What about Tom and Linda? Shall we invite them?
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5. Many people think that exercise helps prevent a heart attack or a stroke, but
this is ________
not really the case.
use up
6. Don’t worry if you ________
the shampoo（洗发液）—
tomorrow.
I’m going shopping
7. When running we ______
take in a lot more oxygen（氧气）, our blood pressure
rises and our brains release a chemical which relaxes our body.
in fact they’re
8. These running techniques sound easy to learn and practice, but ______
rather difficult.
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Text C
Walk, Don’t Run
Christine Gorman
CH
1 You want to get healthy. You know you need to exercise more. But if
you’re not ready to take part in intense physical activities, don’t despair（绝
望）. There’s growing agreement among exercise researchers（研究者） that,
in fact, the best thing most of us can do may be to just walk.
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Text C
CH
2 Yes, walk. Not run or jog（慢跑） or sprint. Just walk five or six times a
week. You may not feel the benefits（好处） all at once, but the evidence（证
据） suggests that over the long term（从长远来说）, a regular walking routine
can do a world of good to your health.
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Text C
CH
3 Brisk（轻快的） walking is known to be good for the heart, which makes
a lot of sense（很有道理）. The heart is a muscle, after all, and anything that
makes the blood flow faster through a muscle helps keep it in shape. But
regular walking benefits the heart in other ways as well. It lowers blood
pressure, which helps decrease（减少） the stress on the arteries（动脉）.
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Text C
CH
4 Walking is also a great way to lose body fat, though most people find
they have to do it for at least an hour a day in order to lose weight. The body
doesn’t really start burning its fat stores until after 30 minutes of activity.
Exercising too intensely can actually work against you by interfering with the
body’s ability to pull energy from fat cells. You are more likely to maintain
any weight loss you achieve if you take a walk regularly every day.
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Text C
CH
5 Walking won’t cure（治愈） everything that troubles you, of course, and
nothing happens overnight. “People who have never exercised regularly
should not think that in a week they’ll solve （ 解 决 ） their problems by
walking,” says Dr. David Curb of the University of Hawaii. But they can
expect a regular walking program to serve them well into old age.
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Text C
CH
6
When you are ready to begin, the following two pieces of advice can
help you get the most out of your walking routine.
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Text C
CH
7 First, pay attention to your shoes. Walkers spend more time with the
entire foot on the ground, so shoes for walking need to have more room at
the front for the feet to spread.
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Text C
CH
8 Second, set realistic （现实的） goals （目标） . Some people find that
walking at a specific time each day works best for them. Others do the
walking exercise by making some adjustments in their daily routines, such
as parking the car a few blocks（街区） away from their office, taking the
stairs instead of the elevator（电梯） or going out for a walk rather than
having a cup of coffee during the time for break.
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Chinese Version
走走路，不要跑
克丽斯汀·戈尔曼
你想身体健康。你知道你需要运动。但如果你不愿意参加剧烈的体育活动，也不
用灰心丧气。越来越多的运动研究者达成一种共识，即事实上对大多数人来说最好的
运动也许就是走路。
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Chinese Version
是的，走路。不是跑步、慢跑或快跑。只要每周走五六次就行。你可能不会一下
子就能感到它的种种益处，但有证据表明，从长期来看，定期的走路锻炼对你的健康
大有好处。
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Chinese Version
我们知道快步走对心脏有益，这确实很有道理。心脏毕竟是一块肌肉，任何让血
液更快流过肌肉的活动都有助于使它保持健康。不过定期走路对心脏还有别的好处。
它能降低血压，从而有助于减轻对动脉的压力。
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Chinese Version
走路还是减少体内脂肪的一种好方法，不过大多数人发现，为了减肥，他们每天
至少得走一个小时。身体要在活动30分钟以后才真正开始燃烧体内储存的脂肪。运动
太剧烈反而会适得其反，因为剧烈运动会扰乱身体从脂肪细胞里提取能量的能力。每
天定时走走路，你才更有可能保持减掉的体重。
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Chinese Version
走路当然不会治愈你的所有病痛，也没有什么能一蹴而就的。“从未定期锻炼的
人不要以为走一周的路就可以解决他们的问题，”夏威夷大学的戴维·柯布医生说。
但他们可以预期定期的走路练习一直到老都对他们有益。
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Chinese Version
当你准备好开始时，下面的两条建议可以帮助你的走路锻炼达到最佳效果。
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Chinese Version
第一，注意你的鞋子。步行者通常用整个脚掌着地，因此要在用于步行的鞋子前
部留有更多空间让脚伸展。
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Chinese Version
第二，制定切实可行的目标。有些人发现每天固定一个时间段走路效果最好。有
些人则调节他们的日常活动来安排走路锻炼，如将车停在离办公室几个街区以外的地
方，爬楼梯而不是乘电梯，或者在休息时间走走路而不是喝杯咖啡。
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Comprehension of the Text
16. Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice questions.
1.If you are not physically prepared for vigorous exercise, you can _________
instead.
A) jog
B) run
C) walk
D) sprint
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2. According to the author, a regular walking routine ___________ .
A) benefits people of old age rather than those who are young
B) works even better for those who are not physically active
C) solves all the problems that troubles us in a week’s time
D) does a whole lot of good to our health in the long run
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3. Walking keeps the heart in shape in all the following ways except that
_________________.
A) it increases the speed of blood flow through the heart
B) it makes sense to a lot of muscles of the body
C) it brings the blood pressure to a lower level
D) it reduces the stress on the arteries
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4. Most people find they have to walk a certain length of time each day in
order to lose weight. This is because _______________ .
A) it is after 30 minutes of exercise that the body begins to burn its fat stores
B) it takes quite a bit of time and effort to maintain any weight loss achieved
C) short-time walking prevents the body from pulling energy from fat cells
D) walking is not thought of as intense when compared with other forms of
exercise
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5. By saying that “they can expect a regular walking program to serve them
well into old age” (Lines 5-6, Para.5), Dr. David Curb implies that _____.
A) the benefits of walking will show up when people get old
B) walking, a light form of exercise, suits people of all ages
C) walking is a lifelong exercise people can choose
D) walking is an age-old（古老的）exercise people can benefit from
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6. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A) Shoes for walking need to have more room at the heel rather than the front.
B) To get the most from walking, walkers should set a fixed time for it each day.
C) Whether or not people can benefit from a regular walking routine is
undecided yet.
D) Walking, like anything else, won’t cure everything that bothers you overnight.
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Basic Reading Skills
Understanding Signal Words (2)
有 些 Signal Words 表 示 的 是 “ 转 折 ” 关 系 ， 这 些 词 语 有 :but, however,
although, nevertheless, otherwise和yet等。
下面是A篇课文中的句子：
Not many kids know this, but a person can actually learn how to run
faster.
“知道这一点的孩子并不多”和“实际上一个人可以学会跑得更快”这两个ideas
用but连结，表示一种转折。再如:
A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing sprinting
technique in his backyard or playground. It may take some time to perfect,
but as with any other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better
one becomes!
同样，作者用but连结了It may take some time to perfect和as with any
other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better one becomes这两
个ideas。
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再看下面一段：
When it comes to controlling one’s temper, my mother clearly outdoes my
father. She will tolerate a lot before she gets angry and prefers to rationalize
rather than lose her temper. However, my father’s temper is like a short fuse
on a stick of dynamite. (Text C, Unit 3)
作者谈到在controlling one’s temper方面，她的母亲显然比她的父亲做得好。She
will tolerate a lot before she gets angry and prefers to rationalize rather than
lose her temper，而my father’s temper is like a short fuse on a stick of
dynamite。在两个句子中间，作者用However这个信号词表示了一种转折与对比关系。
在阅读时，利用这些Signal Words，可以帮助我们提高阅读速度，加深对文章的理
解。
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17. Read the following experts from your textbook. Identify the signal words
that the writers use to express shift in thought.
1. … so there is a limit to how much your body can change with exercise.
However, you can lose weight by burning (using up) more calories than
However
you take in. (Text B, Unit 4)
2. It takes quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this technique.
However
However, by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move
forward, rather than having to use his own energy to push himself forward.
(Text A, Unit 4)
3. Again, there is no guarantee that exercise will prevent a heart attack or a
stroke, especially if members of your family have had these diseases.
But if you exercise, have a good diet, don’t smoke, and have a relaxed,
But
positive attitude, you will reduce your chances of getting stress related
illnesses. (Text B, Unit 4)Exercises
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