Transcript Document 7296625
Islam, Judaism & Christianity
Origins of Each Faith
Date and Place founded:
Judaism
– approximately 1300 B.C. in Palestine Some say the date is unknown
Christianity
– approximately 33 A.D. in Palestine
Islam
– 622 A.D. in Saudi Arabia 2
Founders and Early Leaders
Founders and Early Leaders
Judaism
– Abraham and Moses
Christianity
– Jesus
Islam
- Muhammad 3
Brief History on Origins
Judaism
- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism around 2000 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).
Christianity
- Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.
Islam
- Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632
Spread of Each Faith
Early Expansion
Judaism
– Little expansion mostly confined to Israel
Christianity
– by the end of the 4 th century Christianity spread across the entire Roman Empire
Islam
– Within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula; after 100 years stretched from Spain to Southeast Asia 5
Terms for Followers and Clergy
Followers Called:
Judaism
– Jews
Christianity
– Christians
Islam
– Muslims
Clergy Called:
Judaism
– rabbis
Christianity
– bishop, pastor, ministers, priest
Islam
- imams 6
Where and When They Worship
House of Worship
Judaism
– synagogue or temple
Christianity
– church, cathedral, chapel
Islam
– mosque o o o
Day of Worship Judaism
– Saturday
Christianity
– Sunday
Islam
- Friday 7
Languages of Faiths
Original Language
Judaism
– Hebrew
Christianity
– Aramaic and Greek, then Latin
Islam
– Arabic
Names of God
Judaism
– Yahweh and Elohim
Christianity
– God, the Trinity
Islam
- Allah 8
Sacred Texts of Each Faith
Sacred Texts
Judaism
– Hebrew Bible
Christianity
– Old Testament and New Testament
Islam
– Qur’an (Koran) 9
Monotheistic Beliefs
Ultimate Reality (Type of Theism)
Judaism
– One God
Christianity
– Trinity (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit)
Islam
– One God 10
Divine Revelation
How do we know about God?
Judaism
– through prophets recorded in the Hebrew Bible
Christianity
– through prophets and Jesus as recorded in the Old and New Testament
Islam
– through God’s final prophet Muhammad recorded in the Qur’an 11
Identity of Jesus
Judaism
– False prophet
Christianity
– Son of God, the Messiah, Savior
Islam
– prophet of God 12
Death of Jesus
Judaism
– death by Crucifixion
Christianity
– death by Crucifixion
Islam
– Did not die, but ascended into heaven (a disciple took his place) 13
Resurrection of Jesus
Judaism
– Denied
Christianity
– Affirmed
Islam
– Denied; since he did not die 14
Means of Salvation
Judaism
– Belief in one God; good deeds
Christianity
– correct belief, good deeds; by faith accept Christ as Savior (Protestants)
Islam
– Belief in one God; good deeds and follow Five Pillars of Faith 15
Afterlife
Judaism
– eternal heaven, or no afterlife
Christianity
– eternal heaven
Islam
– eternal paradise (heaven)
Judaism
- eternal hell, or no afterlife
Christianity
– eternal hell
Islam
– eternal hell 16
Symbols
Judaism
– Star of David
Christianity
– cross
Islam
– crescent with name of Allah in Arabic 17
View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions
Judaism
– “Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism.”
Christianity
– “Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion.”
Islam
– “Jews and Christians are respected as fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only partial revelation.” 18
Where They Can Be Found
Major Locations TODAY
Judaism
– Europe, Israel, North America
Christianity
– Europe, North and South America
Islam
– Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia 19
Current Worldwide Followers TODAY
Judaism
– 14 million (ranks 12 th )
Christianity
– 2 billion (ranks 1 st )
Islam
– 1.3 billion (ranks 2 nd )
In the USA
Judaism
– 5.6 million
Christianity
– 159 million
Islam
– 1.1 million 20
Jerusalem: Holy City of all Three Faiths Film Clip
Judaism
JUDAISM is a religion of just one people: the Jews. JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God. Two other important religions developed from Judaism : Christianity and Islam.
Judaism Briefly
Judaism is around 3500 years old and is the oldest of the world's four great monotheistic religions (religions with only one God). It's also the smallest, with only about 12 million followers around the world.
Its holy city is Jerusalem.
The Jewish calendar is based on 29 or 30 days therefore they have 12.13 months.
Judaism
History Film Clip
Judaism beliefs
Jews believe that there is a single God who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship. They await the Messiah , who will be an earthly king. They believe in heaven, but that God determines where they go after life on earth. Give a tithe (10%).
Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.
Judaism
Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them and lead them in His way. Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree; they anticipate His arrival in the future.
Judaism teaches that death is not the end and that there is a world to come.
Jewish Philosophy
God is one and unique God is the creator God is transcendent God is immanent. God is lawgiver God is personal We have the obligation to worship The Torah is God's law God is judge The Messiah will come.
Judaism Holy Book
The most Talmud.
holy Jewish book is the
Torah
(the first five books of the Christian Bible). Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written form of which is known as the The Torah ( scroll of teachings Mount Sinai. ) contains the five books revealed to Moses by God on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers & Deuteronomy Hebrew is read right to left.
Judaism
The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture. It contains the basic laws of Judaism.
Another important book is the "Talmud," serving primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism.
Judaism Place of Worship
Jews worship in Synagogues or temples . Men and women usually sit separately.
Worship is led by a Rabbi .
Friday evening is time for worship.
Stamford Hill, London
Judaism
The Jewish house of worship is called a synagogue. Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver sermons.
Today there are over 18 million followers of Judaism scattered throughout the world. A large number of those people live in the Jewish nation of Israel. Over six million live in the United States.
Christianity briefly
Christianity is the world's biggest religion, with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago .
Christianity
The early Hebrews who eventually developed into the Jewish religion became the foundation of Christianity.
Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of his day began to profess a new way of thinking. This eventually led to the beginning of the Christian religion.
Christianity History Film Clip
Christianity
Christianity started about 2000 years ago about the same time of Jesus. The central point of Christian belief is that God, the Father, entered into human history as the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and arose as the Holy Spirit.
Christian Philosophy
God is the Creator of the universe. There is one God, Who is Three Persons Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Jesus is both fully man and fully God. He was born of the Virgin Mary Crucified, resurrected from the dead, and ascended to the Father.
Christianity Beliefs
Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sins Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection) Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament Christians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons" Christians believe that God made the world .
Christianity Beliefs continued
Christians believe that they can have a personal relationship with God, and that they are saved by faith, not works. Grace is the law code.
They believe in actual heaven and hell .
They believe that the Bible is the inspired word of God.
Their giving is a tithe or offerings.
Christian Philosophy
Sin and Evil are realities in our existence. The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's revelation. All believers are promised life everlasting. The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the followers was his 12 disciples.
Christianity Film Clip
Christians Holy Book
The Bible is the Christian holy book . It is divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.
Christian Place of Worship
The Christian place of worship is called a of a cross with the Church altar , which are built in the shape facing east rising sun. Services are led by a priest towards the , pastor or reverend.
Day of worship Sunday is normally but most recently Saturday has been added.
Westminster Abbey London
Islam Briefly
Islam is the second most popular religion the world with over a thousand million followers. Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the Prophet in Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who follow Islam are called Muslims . Muslims believe that there is only one God , called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
The Muslim calendar has 354 days and is based on the 12 crescent moon cycles.
Islam
ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s A. D.
The Islamic religion started in the area known as Palestine in the year 600AD. It has about 850 million followers, most of them in the region north and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
Mohammed Film Clip
Mohammed Film Clip Two
Islam
The holy book of Islam is the "Koran." Muslims believe its words to be those of Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an angel.
Allah, is the Islamic God.
People who believe these ideas are called Muslims.
Muslims Sects Film Clip
Islamic Philosophy
Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come. Angels record good and bad deeds.
People should behave themselves and help others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.
Teachings of Islam Film Clip
Islam Holy Book
The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an . It is 'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the Qur'an. Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred.
Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of God.
It is read from right to left and written in Arabic, the language of heaven.
Koran Film Clip
Islam Place of Worship
The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque "place of prostration".
. The word comes from the Arabic for Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets – towers on the mosque corners.
They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture.
Jamia Mosque in Derby England Normal day of worship is Friday .
Islam
Muslims pray five times daily in their mosques (churches). While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to the ground.
All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
Mosque Film Clip
Five Pillars Belief system/law code
Shahadah
: declaration of faith "I bear witness that there is no god, but God; I bear witness that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting this, one enters Islamic faith.
Salah
: prayer Muslims are required to pray five times a day, washing themselves before prayer and facing in the direction of Mecca while praying.
Zakat
: giving a fixed proportion to charity Muslims are required to give away a percentage of their earnings to those less fortunate, regardless of their religion.
Saum
: fasting during the month of Ramadan Muslims fast for one lunar month each year, a period called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect on their behaviour and strive to purify their thoughts.
Hajj
: pilgrimage to Mecca If it is financially possible, Muslims are required to travel to Mecca once in their lifetime.
Five Pillars of Islam Clip
Main Festivals Continued
Hijja :
The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at the Kaaba