Transcript Numbering Systems for Alloys

Numbering Systems for Alloys
Ref: “Engineering Materials –
Properties and Selection”, K.G.
Budinski and M. K. Budinski, 7th ed.,
Prentice Hall, 2002 (Chap. 8 – 16)
How can you tell the others exactly
which kind of material you want?
What do these codes mean?
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AISI 1020 steel
ASTM A 29 grade 1020 steel
UNS G10200
SAE 1006
6061-T6
3003-H38
What You Should Include in the
Specifications of a Material?
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Description: e.g. steel, hot-finished, lowcarbon, bar, ASTM A29 grade B
Dimension
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Dimension tolerance: LWH, flatness, etc.
Finish: hot-rolled, cold rolled, patterned
Special requirements: heat treatment,
texture, etc.
Ferrous Alloys
Some Specifications applicable to Steel
Products and other Metals
Specifications
SAE-AISI
Society of Automotive Engineers – American
Iron and Steel Institute
ASTM
(UNS)
American Society for Testing and Materials
(www.astm.org)
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
MIL
U.S. Department of Defense
AMS
Aerospace Materials Specification
BS
British Standards Institution
(http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalter)
EN
European Committee for Standardization
(http://www.cenorm.be)
Classifications
of Steel
The Most Widely Used System for
Designating Steels SAE-AISI
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
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Developed by ASTM and
SAE
Not a specification but
only identify an alloy
covered by other
standards
The 5 digits closely related
to the original
identification system. E.g.
AISI 1020 = G10200
Adopted by the Copper
Development Association
as official identification
system for Cu alloys
Most Frequently Used Carbon and
Alloy Steels in the US
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SAE 1010: formed sheet-metal parts
SAE 1020: general machine applications
SAE 1040: flame- or inductionhardened parts
ASTM A36: structural steel
SAE 4140: high-strength machine parts
SAE 4340: high-strength machine parts
SAE 8620: carburized wear parts
Tool Steel Categories
Tool Steel Types
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High alloy content and thus high hardenability
Melted by electric furnace for cleanliness and alloy
content control
Melted in small heats and subjected to tight
quality control
Stainless Steel Family
Crucial Properties of Stainless Steels
A Repertoire of Stainless Steels
Type
430
S43000
416
S41600
420
S42000
Uses
For rust resistance on decorative an
nonfunctional parts
Hardened to 30 HRC and use for jigs,
fixtures and base plates
Harden to 50-52 HRC for tools that do
not require high wear resistance (e.g.
injection-molding cavities, nozzles,
holding blocks, etc)
440C
Harden to 58-60 HRC for cutting
S44004 devices, punches and dies
A Repertoire of Stainless Steels
Type
303
S30300
304/L
316/L
17-4 PH
S17400
17-7 PH
S17700
Uses
For fasteners and shafts where only
rust or splash and spill resistance are
needed
All types of chemical immersion
All types of chemical immersion
where 304 is not adequate
High stress fasteners, shafting,
agitators and machine supports; age
hardened
Harden to condition CH900 for
chemical-resistant springs
Aluminium Alloys
Wrought Aluminium Alloys – Aluminum
Association designation system
Indicate the Al content
above 99%, e.g. 1040
Major Alloying Elements
has 99.40% Al
Series
Commercially pure aluminium (99% min)
Copper (major alloyingSecond
element)
digit designates
mill control on specific
Manganese
elements
Silicon
1000
2000
3000
4000
The last two digits
Magnesium
have no significance,
Magnesium and silicon
except…
Zinc
5000
6000
7000
Other elements
Unused series
8000
9000
Cast Aluminium Alloy Designations
Major Alloying Elements
Series
Aluminium The
+ silicon
last digit indicates
product form: 0 for a
99.5 min. aluminium
1-99 (old system)
Copper
2xx.x
casting, 1 for ingot
form
1xx.x
Silicon + copper or magnesium
3xx.x
Silicon
4xx.x
Magnesium
5xx.x
Unused series
6xx.x
Zinc
7xx.x
Tin
8xx.x
Other Element
9xx.x
Additional Designation of the state
of the Aluminium Alloy
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Al alloys can be precipitation
hardened and work-hardened to
different extents.
xxxx-F
As fabricated, no special control
xxxx-W
Solution heat-treated (used only on alloys that
naturally age harden)
xxxx-O
Annealed (Wrought alloys only)
xxxx-H
Strain hardened (cold worked to increase
strength), wrought alloys only
xxxx-T
Thermally treated to produce effects other
than F, O, or H
Types of Strain Hardening and
thermal treatment
xxxx-H1
Strain hardened only
xxxx-H2
Strain hardened and partially
annealed
xxxx-H2
Strain hardened and stabilized
by low-temperature thermal
treatment
Strain hardened and lacquered
or painted
xxxx-H4
Degree of Strain Hardening
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The second digit indicate the degree of
strain hardening
1 indicates smallest amount of cold-work
and 8 indicates maximum of cold work
xxxx-H_2
Quarter-hard
xxxx-H_4
Half-hard
xxxx-H_6
Three-quarters hard
xxxx-H_8
Full-hard
Temper Designations
xxxx-T1
Cooled from a hot working temperature
and naturally aged
xxxx-T2
Cooled from an elevated temperature,
cold worked, and naturalled aged (means
annealed for cast products)
xxxx-T3
Furnace solution heat treated, quenched
and cold worked
xxxx-T4
Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,
and naturally aged
xxxx-T5
Quenched from a hot-work temperature
and furnace aged
Temper Designations
xxxx-T6
Furnace solution heat treated quenched
and furnace aged
xxxx-T7
Furnace solution heat treated and
stabilized
xxxx-T8
Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,
cold worked, and furnace aged
xxxx-T9
Furnace solution heat treated, quenched,
furnace aged and cold-worked
xxxx-T10
Quenched from an elevated temperature
shaping process, cold worked, and
furnace aged
Other variations can be denoted by adding more digits after
these designations
Examples
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3003-H38: 3003 alloy cold finished
to full hard temper and stress
relieved by a low temperature
treatment
6061-T6: 6061 alloy, solution heat
treated and furnace aged hardened.
Most commonly used Aluminium
alloys
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Wrought alloys
1100 (pure Al)
2024*
3003
5052
6061*
6063*
7075*
*: can be age hardened
Blue shaded: mainly for
aerospace applications
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Sand Cast
355.0*
Die Cast
380.0
More to come…
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Steels and Al alloys are the most
widely used alloys
Other important classes are Cu
alloys, Mg alloys, Ni alloys and Ti
alloys, etc.
ASM Metals Handbook or ASTM
yearbooks are always good places
to start when looking for the alloys
information