Transcript Nervous System BY: Jeremy Llamas , Cheton Jackson, and Jessica Vanderpluym

Nervous System
BY: Jeremy Llamas , Cheton
Jackson, and Jessica
Vanderpluym
Central Nervous System
• Part of the Nervous
system consisting of
the brain and spinal
cord, but not including
the peripheral
nervous system.
Peripheral Nervous System
• The outer branches of
the Nervous system.
Somatic Nervous System
• Of, relating to, or affecting the
body, especially as
distinguished from a body part,
the mind, or the environment;
corporeal or physical. See
Synonyms at bodily.
• Of or relating to the wall of the
body cavity, especially as
distinguished from the head,
limbs, or viscera.
• Of or relating to the portion of
the vertebrate nervous system
that regulates voluntary
movement.
• Of or relating to a somatic cell
or the somatoplasm.
Autonomic Nervous System
• The portion of the
central nervous
system controlling
involuntary actions.
Neuron
• The basic component
of the Nervous
System.
Sensory Neuron
• a neuron conducting
impulses inwards to
the brain or spinal
cord.
Motor Neuron
• A neuron that conveys
impulses from the
central nervous
system to a muscle,
gland, or other
effectors tissue.
Interneuron
• A nerve cell found
entirely within the
central nervous
system that acts as a
link between sensory
neurons and motor
neurons.
Brain
• The portion of the vertebrate
central nervous system that is
enclosed within the cranium,
continuous with the spinal
cord, and composed of gray
matter and white matter. It is
the primary center for the
regulation and control of bodily
activities, receiving and
interpreting sensory impulses,
and transmitting information to
the muscles and body organs.
It is also the seat of
consciousness, thought,
memory, and emotion.
Axon
• long thin extension of
a neuron that carries
impulses away from
the cell body.
Dendrite
• Neuron structure that
receives messages
and sends them to
the cell body.
Nerve Impulse
• Initiated when some
factor alters the
permeability of the
neuronal membrane.
Nerve
• Any of the cordlike
bundles of fibers made up
of neurons through which
sensory stimuli and motor
impulses pass between
the brain or other parts of
the central nervous
system and the eyes,
glands, muscles, and
other parts of the body.
Nerves form a network of
pathways for conducting
information throughout
the body.
Receptor
• Sensory cell that can
detect and transmit
sensory stimuli.
Stimulant
• Drugs that increase
the activity of the
Central Nervous
System and promote
feelings of energy and
high spirits.
Synapse
• The gap between two
neurons in a nerve
pathway.
Transmitter
• One that transmits a
disease.
• Or information
Spinal cord
• The thick, whitish cord
of nerve tissue that
extends from the
medulla oblongata
down through the
spinal column and
from which the spinal
nerves branch off to
various parts of the
body.
Cerebellum
• The trilobed structure of
the brain, lying posterior
to the pons and medulla
oblongata and inferior to
the occipital lobes of the
cerebral hemispheres,
that is responsible for the
regulation and
coordination of complex
voluntary muscular
movement as well as the
maintenance of posture
and balance.
Medulla Oblongata
• The lowermost
portion of the
vertebrate brain,
continuous with the
spinal cord,
responsible for the
control of respiration,
circulation, and
certain other bodily
functions.
Hypothalamus
• The part of the brain
that lies below the
thalamus, forming the
major portion of the
ventral region of the
diencephalon and
functioning to regulate
bodily temperature,
certain metabolic
processes, and other
autonomic activities
Thalamus
• A large ovoid mass of
gray matter that forms the
larger dorsal subdivision
of the diencephalon and
is located medial to the
internal capsule and to
the body and tail of the
caudate nucleus. It
functions in the relay of
sensory impulses to the
cerebral cortex.
White Matter
• Whitish nerve tissue,
especially of the brain
and spinal cord,
consisting chiefly of
myelinated nerve
fibers.
Gray Matter
• Brownish-gray nerve
tissue, especially of
the brain and spinal
cord, composed of
nerve cell bodies and
their dendrites and
some supportive
tissue.
The Brain Functions
• The brain controls every single thing in
your body. It controls your breathing, eyes,
smell, taste, touch, arms,, hands, feet,
legs, hearing, toes, neck, fingers, voice,
spine and heart.
What is a Synapse ?
• The junction across
which a nerve
impulse passes from
an axon terminal to a
neuron, muscle cell,
or gland cell.
What is a reflex?
• An involuntary physiological response to a
stimulus.
• An unlearned or instinctive response to a
stimulus.
• Something, such as light or heat, that is
reflected.
• Being an involuntary action or response,
such as a sneeze, blink, or hiccup.
• Bent, turned, or thrown back; reflected.
What is a Stroke?
• sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or
sunstroke.
• A sudden loss of brain function caused by a
blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the
brain, characterized by loss of muscular control,
diminution or loss of sensation or
consciousness, dizziness, slurred speech, or
other symptoms that vary with the extent and
severity of the damage to the brain. Also called
cerebral accident, cerebrovascular accident.
Treatment for Strokes
•
•
•
•
•
•
drug therapy
surgery to treat or repair damage in and around the brain
physical therapy
occupational therapy to relearn daily routine activities
speech therapy
Stroke treatments include three stages: prevention,
therapy when stroke occurs, and post-stroke
rehabilitation. Which treatments are used to prevent
stroke depend on individual risk factors for stroke.
What causes a stroke!
• Strokes can happen in anyone, but they tend to be more
common in older men, black people, and Asian people.
Although we cannot change our age, gender, or race, we
can control the following risk factors for stroke:
• Tobacco use
• High cholesterol levels
• Inactive lifestyle
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Heavy alcohol use
• Atrial fibrillation, which is an unsteady heart rhythm
What can you do to prevent a
stroke?
• Here are some things everyone can do to lower their chances of
having a stroke--these things will also lower your risk of having a
heart attack:
• Get your blood pressure checked regularly and get treatment if it is
high. High blood pressure is a "silent" illness with no warning signs.
• If you smoke--stop! Ask your family doctor for ways to help you quit.
• Eat low-fat foods, and have your cholesterol levels checked by your
family doctor.
• Exercise regularly--for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week.
• Keep your weight under control. If you are overweight, lose weight.
• If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar levels. Controlling
your diabetes will help your heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain.
When you take ecstasy…
• a trance state in which intense absorption (as in
religious ideation) is accompanied by loss of
sense perception and voluntary control
• Intense joy or delight.
• A state of emotion so intense that one is carried
beyond rational thought and self-control: an
ecstasy of rage.
• The trance, frenzy, or rapture associated with
mystic or prophetic exaltation.
The outcome of ecstasy
• We do know that Ecstasy can damage brain cells critical
to thought and memory, but measuring those effects
accurately has been difficult. According to an
announcement by the American Chemical Society, the
world's largest scientific society, researchers in Spain
have isolated for the first time a by-product of Ecstasy
that is believed to cause some of the brain damage
associated with the illegal street drug. This will help them
measure the long-term neurotoxicity of ecstasy in human
users. I am glad for this advance. Misinformation about
Ecstasy abounds (both positive and negative)! Our
children deserve accurate information about the risks
and benefits of Ecstasy.
Recourses
• http://www.drgreene.com/21_538.html
• http://www.aafp.org/afp/20031215/2389ph.
html
• http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medical
news.php?newsid=25491
• www.dictionary.com
THE END