Transcript Asphalt Shingle Recycling: Recycled Materials Resource Center and Environmental Issues

Asphalt Shingle Recycling:
Recycled Materials Resource Center and
Environmental Issues
Chicago, IL
November 1-2, 2007
Jenna R. Jambeck, PhD
Research Assistant Professor, UNH
Recycled Materials Resource Center
RMRC Overview/History
MISSION
Overcome barriers to the appropriate use of recycled materials
in the highway environment
• Established in TEA-21 in 1998
• National center in partnership with FHWA
• Focus on the long term engineering and
environmental performance of recycled
materials in the highway environment
• Primary activities are research and outreach
Current RMRC
Joint venture of University of New Hampshire and
University of Wisconsin-Madison
- UNH: Kevin Gardner (co-director), Jeff Melton,
Jenna Jambeck, David Gress, Colleen Mitchell
- UW: Craig Benson (co-director), Tuncer Edil,
Hussain Bahia, Andy Graettinger, Phil O’Leary,
and Gary Whited
Approach
The original Center had seven recycled materials focus
areas:
1. Testing and evaluation guidelines and
specifications
2. Material-application specific research and
development
3. Economic and institutional issues
4. New materials and innovative technologies
5. Field trials of materials
6. Technical services
7. Technology transfer and training
Research Map
Over 40 Research projects completed!
Project 22 - Overcoming Barriers to
Asphalt Shingle Recycling
Partners: MnDOT, Minn. Office of Environmental Assistance,
Minn. Local Road Research Board, SKB Environmental,
Bituminous Roadways, Inc.
Principal Investigators: Roger Olson, MnDOT & Dan Krivit, Dan
Krivit & Assoc.
Project Stats: 32 Months (July 2002 – December 2004)
Approach:
• Prepare design documents
• Two field demonstrations
• Evaluate demonstrations
Other Activities
• Shingle Recycling Forums
• 2003, 2007
• Provisional Specifications
• American Association of State Highway and
Transportation (AASHTO), "Use of Reclaimed
Asphalt Shingle as an Additive in Hot Mix
Asphalt: A Provisional Standard Specification
(M2005A-TS-2c)" Final publication in preparation.
• American Association of State Highway and
Transportation (AASHTO), "Provisional Standard
Recommended Practice for Design
Considerations when using Reclaimed Asphalt
Shingles in New Hot Mix Asphalt (R2005A-TS2c)" Final publication in preparation.
Education and Outreach
RMRC Outreach
• RMRC sponsored conference sessions
• RMRC sponsored workshops
• Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in
Transportation Applications Conference
• Software and guidance documents
• Beneficial Use Guidelines - shingles
RMRC Recycled Materials Workshops
• Four workshops – Northeast, Southeast,
Midwest, West
• Attendees – FHWA, State DOT, State
Environmental Agencies, US EPA
• Focus on training recycling/beneficial use
coordinators, improving DOT recycling
programs
• Providing a forum for communication
How is sustainability and shingle
recycling related?
Sustainability
• Sustain: to keep in
existence; maintain
• Big picture
• Sustain the earth
• Finite resources
–Decrease or mitigate negative environmental
impacts of human existence
–Conserve resources
Environmental Impacts
• Examine impacts of various options/choices and
choose those with the least impact
• How to quantify?
• Impacts can be assessed:
• Greenhouse gas generation
(e.g., methane, carbon dioxide)
• SOx, NOx emissions
• Toxics released (air, water, soil)
• Organics – TCE, PBDE, etc.
• Inorganics – Hg, Pb, etc.
• Exposure routes may be considered
Conservation of Resources
• Use as little of our resources as possible
• Use renewable resources
• Reuse products already produced
• Conserves energy
• Recycle the materials from a product to make a new
product
• No need for virgin materials
• Extract resources from the product
• Conversion into energy
Economics
• In the long run, it doesn’t save to exploit our
resources
• But the immediate cost time frame is critical for a
market economy
• Often times immediate costs and sustainable
practices coincide
• Sometimes more sustainable practices (or
switching to them) can result in a greater expense
• Often there is a payback
• Many corporations, industries and institutions now
see the benefits in practicing environmental
sustainability
It can be a difficult balance between
environmental impacts, trade-offs and
cost…
RMRC has experience evaluating risk, benefits
and cost.
Project 7/8 - Development of a Risk Analysis
Framework for Beneficial Use of Secondary Materials
Partners: MnDOT (MnROAD), NYSDEC, Laboratoire Centrale
des Ponts et Chausees (LCPC)
Principal Investigators: Dr. Taylor Eighmy & Dr. Kevin Garner,
UNH
Project Stats: June 2000 – August 2004
Approach:
• Literature review
• Model selection
• Model validation with MnROAD data
• Develop a risk assessment
approach for state regulatory
agency use
Surface
Entry
Run-off
Vapor
Movement
Capillary
Suction
Water
Table
Rise High
Ground
Drainage
Sustainable Road Construction
• Must create a product with consistent
high quality
• From that standpoint, how can we do this
in a more sustainable manner?
• Beneficially use materials; offset virgin
materials - shingles
• Recycle materials
• Assess environmental burdens and tradeoffs of various options
• Life-cycle assessment
Potential Applications
What are potential environment and health
impacts of using a material in an
application?
• Context of use
• Proper characterization
• Potential receptors and risks
• Trade-offs
Environmental Characterization
• Shingles
• Asbestos
• PAHs
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for
Environmental and Economic Effects
(PaLATE)
Developed by Arpad Horvath (UC Berkeley) for the
Recycled Materials Resource Center
www.recycledmaterials.org
Questions that can be answered:
• For a particular roadway, which material is better
environmentally, economically: e.g., recycled or
virgin?
• Will changing the recycled material content in a
particular pavement affect its environmental
impact?
• Does sending demolished portions of a road to a
processing plant or to a landfill make more
environmental and economic sense?
• Which maintenance options will minimize
environmental and economic effects?
Factors that are considered:
• Design of the roadway
• Construction materials, material
transportation distances and modes
• Technology choices – e.g., on-site
construction and maintenance equipment
(e.g., asphalt paver), and off-site
processing equipment (e.g., rock crusher)
• Life-cycle economic costs
Recycled Material Use Example
• Conceptual for shingles
• Crumb rubber surrogate in asphalt
• Road in NH, 2.6 miles, single lane (31
feet wide)
• 5.5 inch wearing course, 12 inch base
Energy
Total Roadway Inputs
7,600,000
7,500,000
Energy (MJ)
.
7,400,000
7,300,000
7,200,000
Processes
7,100,000
Production
7,000,000
6,900,000
6,800,000
6,700,000
Virgin
5%
Asphalt Binder Crum b Rubber Mix
12%
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Total Roadway Inputs
460
CO2 (Mg) = GWP
.
450
440
Processes
430
Production
420
410
400
Virgin
5%
Asphalt Binder Crum b Rubber Mix
12%
Case Study Results: Energy Consumption (MJ)
9,000,000
Processes (Equipment)
8,000,000
Materials Transportation
Materials Production
7,000,000
Energgy [MJ]
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Initial Construction
Maintenance
Initial Construction - Virgin Materials
Maintenance - HIPR
Total
Initial Construction
Maintenance
Total
Initial Construction - Rubblization
Maintenance - Crack Seal & Resurface
Initial Construction: Recycling uses 3.5M MJ less energy than use of virgin
materials (reduced materials production)
Maintenance: HIPR uses 1.5M MJ less than crack sealing & resurfacing.
HIPR - equipment processes
Crack seal & resurfacing - materials production
Case Study Scenario (2)
N
W
E
CC
S
• Divided PA DOT
PGH demand into
5 areas defined by
a single point
• City center
• 25 miles north,
south, east and
west of city
center
Summary
• The future of utilizing recycled materials, including
shingles, fits in with our sustainability concept
• Life-cycle impacts
• RMRC will Continue to
• Be a central resource for technical issues
• Engineering
• Environmental
• Conduct outreach and education
• Webinars, etc.
• Be a bridge between stakeholders
• Let us know how else we can help!
Further information available on RMRC website:
www.recycledmaterials.org
Jenna R. Jambeck, PhD
Research Assistant Professor
Department of Civil/Environmental Engineering
University of New Hampshire
244 Gregg Hall, 35 Colovos Rd.
Durham, NH 03824
Phone: 603-862-4023
[email protected]