Transcript Document 7267080
Fostering RTD in the maritime periphery Dr. Eng.Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUA Head of Unit Management of Energy RTD programmes
CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINAR ENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERY PAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
R&D – European weaknesses
R&D intensity (% of GDP) (3) Share of R&D financed by industry (%) (2) Researchers per thousand labour force (FTE) (3) Share of world scientific publications (%) (3) Scientific publications per million population (3) Share of world triadic patents (%) (1) Patents per million population (1) High-tech exports as a share of total manufacturing exports (%) (3) Share of world high-tech exports (%) (2)
Note: (1) 2000 data (2) 2002 data (3) 2003 data
EU 25 1.97
55.9
5.5
38.3
639 31.5
30.5
19.7
16.7
US 2.59
63.1
9.0
31.1
809 34.3
53.1
Japan 3.12
73.9
9.7
9.6
569 26.9
92.6
28.5
20.0
26.5
10.6
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What’s new in FP7?
Main new elements compared to FP6:
• • •
Annual budget increased: - for non nuclear energy: total 2264 M € = 320 M €/year Simplification of procedures Logistical and administrative tasks transferred to external structures
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FP7 2007 -2013
Specific Programmes
Cooperation
– Collaborative research
Ideas
– Frontier Research
People
– Human Potential
Capacities
– Research Capacity + JRC (non-nuclear ) JRC (nuclear) Euratom
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Cooperation
– Collaborative research 1.
2.
3.
4.
9 Thematic Priorities
Health Food, agriculture and biotechnology Information and communication technologies Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies 5. Energy 6.
Environment (including climate change) 7. Transport (including aeronautics and maritime) 8.
Socio-economic sciences and the humanities 9.
Security and space + Euratom: Fusion energy research, protection nuclear fission and radiation
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Cooperation
– Collaborative research
• Under each theme there will be sufficient flexibility to address both
Emerging needs
and in all thematic areas
Unforeseen policy needs
• Dissemination of knowledge and transfer of results will be supported • Support will be implemented across all themes through:
Collaborative research (Collaborative projects; Networks of Excellence; Coordination/support actions) Joint Technology Initiatives Coordination of non-Community research programmes (ERA-NET; ERA-NET+; Article 169) International Cooperation
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Energy Future
Joint Technology Initiatives
Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Aeronautics and Air Transport Innovative Medicines for the Citizens of Europe Towards new Nanoelectronics Approaches
More on Technology platforms and JTI
Embedded systems
Other possible themes to be identified later…
5. Energy OBJECTIVE
Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges of security of supply increasing the and climate change , whilst competitiveness of Europe’s energy industries.
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5. Energy
More on Energy
Hydrogen and fuel cells Renewable electricity generation Renewable fuel production Renewables for heating and cooling CO2 capture and storage techn. for zero emission generation Clean coal technologies Smart energy networks Energy efficiency and savings Knowledge for energy policy making
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CIP and the renewed Lisbon
• A more attractive place to invest and work • Knowledge and innovation are the beating heart of European growth • Allowing our businesses to create more and better jobs 10
Complementarities between FP7 and CIP
• • •
Funding of projects SMEs participation in Research Access to finance
•
Dissemination of knowledge
•
Regions FP7-RTD
• Research, technological development and demonstration • Simplification • Definition of thematic content • Specific schemes for SMEs • « Risk Sharing Finance Facility » for large European RTD projects and infrastructures (with EIB) • Within projects • In thematic areas • Research driven clusters • Take-up of proven technologies: environmental, ICT and Energy-efficiency • Actions promoting SMEs participation in FP7 • Risk capital (start-up and expansion)
CIP
• SMEs Guarantee facility • SMEs loan securitisation • Networks providing innovation support services • Innovation clusters 11
Intelligent Energy Projects in the CIP
• •
Promotion and Dissemination
raising, education/training, networking, energy agencies, strategic studies for preparation/review of legislation, monitor implementation of regulatory framework , incl. awareness
Market Replication of just-proven technologies of European interest, bridging the gap between the demonstration and the mass deployment of innovative technologies
management assisted by
Intelligent Energy Executive Agency
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The relation between community instruments
Energy Policy: To solve problems and needs of society
DG TREN
Research Policy: Development of new technologies
DG RTD
Market LEGISLATION IEE COST OF RES ECOBUILDINGS CONCERTO CIVITAS ALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATION Dissemination Demonstration Short term Research and Development Medium term Long term
n° 13 General Directorate for Energy and Transport
INNOVATION IN CIVITAS/ECO BUILDINGS/CONCERTO
“
Innovative integration of known and advanced and/or improved technologies in order to help to solve the problems and needs of society in relation with energy”
n° 14 Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
SOLAR ENERGY
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
FP5 (1998-2002) Results
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PHOTOVOLTAICS: 100 projects launched in Europe
– 40 projects in the S/M term • Total cost €150 M • EC contribution €45 M – 60 projects in the M/L term • Total cost €135 M • EC contribution €65 M •
SOLAR THERMAL POWER
– 3 Major multi-MW demonstration S/M projects • Total cost ~ €300 M • EC contribution of €15 M – A number of projects in the M/L term domain • EC contribution of €10 M
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
FP6 (2002-2006) Results
• PHOTOVOLTAICS (
S/M + M/L)
– 28 new projects launched EC contribution €99,5 M Education, PV Integration 14% dissemination, coordination & support 6% Wafer based Si 24% Innovative largescale plants 8% Pre-normative 7% New concepts 16% Thin-film 25%
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Photovoltaic Technology Platform
• • • •
The PV Technology Platform is operational 4 Working groups and Steering committee place Interested parties in the PV sector to work together on a longer term basis in Expected Impact of Platform
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Raise overall RTD investment & promoting public/private partnership
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Address obstacles for deployment and accelerate market penetration
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Achieve coherent and consistent policy and regulatory framework in the EU
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Photovoltaic module price decrease: history
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20% decrease by doubling cumulative volume until 2003
10 1 0,1 1 10 100 1000
Cumulated capacity (MW p )
10000 100000
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
WIND ENERGY
Directorate general for Energy and Transport Information - Communication
Wind Energy in Europe
• •
Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid-2005. Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity.
In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.
Directorate general for Energy and Transport Information - Communication
Europe as Wind Energy world leader
WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE) EU – 40,504 MW ACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MW EFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW Iceland 0 Faroe Islands 4 Portugal 1,022 Rep. Of Ireland 495.5
Spain 10,027 Norway 267 Sweden 500 Finland 82 Austria 819 Croatia 6 Estonia 30 Latvia 26 UK 1,353 France 757 Denmark 3,122 Lithuania 7 Netherlands 1,219 Belgium 167 Luxembourg 35 Germany 18,428 Czech Republic 26 Poland 73 Switzerlan d 11.6
Slovakia 5 Hungary 17 Romania 1.4
Ukraine 82 Slovenia 0 Bulgaria 1 Italy 1,717 Turkey 20 Greece 573 Malta 0 Cyprus 0 Source: EWEA
Europe has :
80% global manufacturing share •70% annual and cumulative market •Annual market value of ~ € 7bn •72% capacity in 2 countries •75,000 jobs •Generates 2.8% EU electricity
By 2010 wind is predicted to;
•Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people) •28% of all new installed generation capacity •10.6% of overall generation capacity •Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target •Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment •Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m •:Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, •Avoid €10-25 billion external costs •Data for 2001-2010
European Onshore / Offshore
2004
Wind Energy today
2005 2010 (forecast) Installed capacity (MW)
%
Installed capacity (MW)
%
Installed capacity (MW)
%
Onshore Offshore 33.781
590
98,28 1,72
39.824
680
98,32 0,02
65.000
10.000
86,67 13,33
• •
Total
34.371
100
40.504
100
75.000
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End 2005, offshore wind was 1,68% of total installed wind power capacity, but generated 3,11% of electricity from wind energy End 2005, Denmark (398 MW), U.K. (214 MW), Ireland (25 MW), Sweden (23,3 MW) and the Netherlands (18 MW) had operating offshore wind farms.
Offshore Wind Energy
• There remain big unexploited wind resources onshore but the offshore potential is greater still • Latest projections from the European Commission suggest that wind power in Europe could reach a total of 70.000 MW by 2010 incl. 14.000 MW offshore • Looking further ahead, the European Wind Energy Association has adopted a target for a total of 180.000 MW to be reached in 2020, of which 70.000 MW would be located offshore •The development of the offshore wind energy production is an opportunity for industry, it increases diversity and security of electricity supply, and it will help reach the Commission targets for renewables and for reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.
FP6 “DOWNVInD” Project : the flagship project for offshore wind energy development in Europe
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New world records have been broken as the machines are the first wind turbines in international waters, the furthest from shore (25 km), the biggest (5 MW) and in the deepest water (42 m)
CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY
• • •
Growing markets:
Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts
Emerging markets : Off-shore
Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid connection .
New Member States:
Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions Directorate general for Energy and Transport Information - Communication
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
BIOMASS
BIOMASS ACTION PLAN MAIN COMPONENTS Current use and future potential, land availability, food & other industrial needs Functioning solid biofuels European market including international trade Power + 35 Mtoe/a by 2010 Heat/ Cooling +27 Mtoe/a by 2010 Trans port +18 Mtoe/a by 2010 Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010 Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU citizen
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Strategic research agenda FP7
Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final
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In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) : - Biomass Heating - Biomass for Electricity generation - Transport Biofuels - Cross cutting issues - Research
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final
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Cross cutting issues (some main issues
) - Encourage MSs to develop BAPs
Prepare Forest Action Plan (E use), - Develop spot market for pellets/ chips Review waste/ by-products legislation for use of clean fuels (SRF, animal by-products)
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Research: FP7 ( bio-refinery,second generation biofuels, technology platforms, optimisation raw materials/ conversion processes)
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
EU Forest - Wood resources Barriers to overcome
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Fragmented ownership and bad cooperation (65 % private ownership)
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Limited market for small sized wood
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Competition from existing uses of wood
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Lack of steady policy & stable market conditions
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Conservative forest management
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Conceptual-Technological breakthrough in BM
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Biological processes:
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digestion (aerobic/ anaerobic): mature
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Thermochemical processes
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Combustion/ co-combustion: mature
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Gasification : high expectation (synthetic Biofuels), still to solve (ash melting, fouling/ Cleaning gases (tars))
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Flash Pyrolysis
Source: EUROSTAT
: bio-oil ( technical as gasif.)
Directorate General for Energy and Transport
Renewable fuel production in FP7
POTENTIAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY ???
•Innovative improvements in the production of first-generation of biofuels: –
From sugar rich crops and from starch
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From oil crops, animal tallow and used cooking oil
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From high moisture biomass
•Production of second generation of liquid biofuels for transport: –
Ethanol from lignocellulosics
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Synthetic biofuels via gasification
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Hydrogenation of oils
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Pyrolisis followed by hydrogenation
•Biorefineries •Use in fleets of biofuels •Socioeconomic research Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Promotion of associated technological breakthrough in geothermal energy The following areas are the focus of R&D in the European Union:
hot Dry Rock Heat & Power Production and Demonstration
improving ground heat exchangers / ground source heat pumps techn.
100% remote controlled geothermal systems
power generation from low enthalpy resources
geothermal absorption cooling applications
exploration of geothermal resources (integrated geology, geochemistry, geophysics, drilling, reservoir rock & fluid properties, heat flow & stored heat estimation)
new power cycles and power plants optimisation
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 36
Types of ocean energy (by stage of development)
Tidal Energy Thermal Energy Marine Currents Bottom fixed Floating Open cycle Closed cycle Bottom fixed Floating Land based Floating Wave Energy Shoreline Near shore Salinity Gradient Shoreline
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
Near shore Bottom fixed Floating
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Ocean Energy
Costs
•
Dynamic, fast developing sector
Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh
Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04
€/kWh
Target Cost by 2015-2020 0.05 €/kWh
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Wave Energy
Economically exploitable potential in Europe
Figures in kW per meter width of incoming wave Resource for:
NE Atlantic 290 GW Mediterranean sea 30 GW
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Tidal Energy
Economically exploitable potential in Europe
Annual average tidal range in meters
Resource for Europe
:
12GW Mainly:
Arround the British Islands & Ireland Between Channel Islands and France In the straits of Messina In various Greek Islands 40
ECOBUILDINGS
Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
The associated conceptual and/or technological breakthroughs promoted
• •
The unit of action is the Building:
Innovative planning and architecture Low energy
construction and retrofitting
material
• Symbiotic
integration of renewable energy technologies and efficient
measures • Innovative
building management
combined with monitoring Directorate-General for Energy and Transport
POLYGENERATION
Conceptual and Technological Breakthrough
Technical Innovation Tree harvesting Main technology areas: Combined Heat & Power + Cooling or Products Main Applications: Polygeneration with biomass Polygeneration with fuel cells Main application area: CHCP Domestic Fuel Cell Future concept: Bio-refineries
WHAT IS supports concrete initiatives of local communities working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and to improve the quality of citizens’ lives.
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Electricity ESCO Big industry Green electricity
CONCERTO
Small industry SMEs Storage PV plant Individual house Natural Gas Local CHP plant Office buildings Storage Wind power plant Neighbourhood CHP House with Solar thermal and PV
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