Transcript ARTIODACTYLA The Zenith of Mammalian Evolution? Mammalogy – EEOB 625 5 March 2004

ARTIODACTYLA
The Zenith of Mammalian Evolution?
Mammalogy – EEOB 625
5 March 2004
ARTIODACTYLA:
Origin & Evolution
• A successful, modern taxon?
• Parallel but distinct from Perissodactyla
Separate origin from Condylartha
• Diversification from Miocene with minimal
decline since (during the rest of the Cenozoic)?
• One of the most highly derived orders.
Is this a valid statement?
• 6th in diversity (after (?): __ , __ , __, __, & __)
Who is this?
Diacodexis of the
Eocene
Fig. 19.9
Characteristics & Adaptive Radiation
of Artiodactyla
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Paraxonic, weight born equally on digits 3 and 4
Advanced forms with hypsodont teeth and rumen
The origin & advantages of ruminant digestion
Evidence of extensive adaptive Radiation?
Species richness? 220 species, 6th largest after:
____,____,____,_____,_____, 7th?
Range of body sizes (3 kg to 4.5 tons)
Other evidence?
Tylapoda
Ruminantia
Suiformes
Three Suborders of Artiodactyla
• Suborder Suiformes –
Suidae, Tayassuidae, Hippopotamidae
• Suborder Tylopoda: Camilidae
• Suborder Ruminantia: Giraffidae,
Cervidae, Antilocapridae, Bovidae
Three Suborders of Artiodactyla
• Suborder Suiformes –
Suidae, Tayassuidae, Hippopotamidae
• Suborder Tylopoda: Camilidae
Suborder Ruminantia (4 of 6 families)
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Giraffidae – 2 species: decline or radiation?
Cervidae – 42 species, Worldwide except?
Antilocapridae – Pronghorn, the All-american
Bovidae – 137 species, Worldwide except?