Transcript IPv6 and Its Deployment Dipak Singh ERNET INDIA
IPv6 and Its Deployment
Dipak Singh ERNET INDIA
Agenda
• Problems with IPv4 • What is new in IPv6?
• What are applications which demand IPv6?
• Deployment of IPv6 in ERNET.
•
Problems in IPv4
• • • 32-bit address space can theoretically provide 4.3 billion unique global addresses.
Mapping (NAT), CIDR and Proxy has extended IPv4’s life in conjunction with private IPv4 Addresses No. of IP Addresses allocated to an orgnisation are far less than their actual requirement.
Size of Routing Table increases with increase in the IP addresses.
• Complicated Header
IPv4 – Contd.
• The IPv4 protocol does not provide • Security •
- end to end communication security
Quality of Service (QoS)
- special handling for different type of traffic
0 VERS 4
IP Datagram Header
8 16 19 TOTAL LENGTH HLEN TOS IDENTIFICATION FLAG FRAGMENT OFFSET 31 TTL PROTOCOL CHECKSUM SOURCE ADDRESS DESTINATION ADDRESS OPTIONS (if any) + PADDING
Why do we need a new protocol?
• • • • Uneven distribution of IPv4 addresses in the world.
India has less IPv4 Addresses than Hewlett- Packard (HP) and many other US Companies • India = 3,042,202 (3 million) • HP = 16,581,375 (16 million) IPv4 Addresses will run out by 2008 to 2012.
Applications like Mobile Computing, Auto-configuration and Real Time Audio & Video etc. require end-to-end communications and hence unique IP Addresses for each device.
IPv6 – What is New?
• Expanded Address Space – Address length is now 128 bits.
– 340 undecillion unique addresses (1 undecillion = 10 36 ) • Header format simplification – Simplified header reduces router processing loads • Improved Routing – Route aggregration reduces size of routing table • Enhanced security and QoS – IPsec is mandated • Improved support for mobile IP and mobile computing devices – Plug & Play – Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality
Restoring an End-to-End Connectivity
• Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for any applications – Replacing Decnet/SNA gateway • Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect disparate networks • Peer to Peer Server-to-client applications mean global address when connected.
IPv6 Header Format
0 Vers 4 Traffic Class 12 Payload Length 16 Flow Label Next Header 24 Hop Limit 31 Source Address Destination Address
Addressing in IPv6
• Address in IPv4 has following format 202.41.97.3/24 • One level of hierarchy. Net id and host id • The one level of heirarchy has led to explosion of IP addresses in Internet backbone.
• IPv6 addressing has multi level of hierarchy.
• Three types of address in IPv6 – Unicast, Multicast, Anycast
IPv6 Addressing
• • •
Unicast
– Aggregatable Global – Scooped Address • Link Local • Site Local
Multicast
– Identifies a set of interfaces – Multicast is used for Broadcast in IPv6.
Anycast
– It also refers to a set of interfaces but packet is sent to nearest one
Addressing in IPv6
• • • • HEX in block of 16 bits representation • 2001:0E30:0102:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B Leading zeros in a field are optional • 2001 :E30: 102 :0:0:9C0: 876A:130B : Successive fields of 0 represented as ::, but only once in an address : • 2031:0:130F :: 9C0:876A:130B • 2031 :: 130F :: 9C0:876A:130B • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1 • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => :: IPv4-compatible address representation • 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01
Addressing in IPv6
3 • 13
Global Aggregate Address
001 TLA 32 NLA 16 SLA 64 bits Interface ID Interface Identifier • Public Topology Site Topology
Link Local Address
10 bits 1111111010 54 bits 0 •
Site Local Address
10 bits 1111111011 38 bits 0 16 bits subnet ID 64 bits Interface ID 64 bits Interface ID
Multicast Address
8 bits 11111111 4 flags 4 scope 112 bits Group ID Flags Scope 2 5 8 E 000T T= 0 T= 1 3 bits reserved permanent transient link-local site-local org-local global
Broadband Home – A necessity for IPv6 !
• Home Networking – At the heart of the digital home sits the Broadband access point distributing a host of enhanced content and services throughout the home
Mobile Wireless Networking – an IPv6 Must
• Unlicensed Band (Wi-Fi Hotspots) • Personal mobility, High data rate • Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,…) • Full mobility, Modest data rate
IPv6
–
A Driver for the e Economy
With millions of new devices becoming IP aware, the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking is only met with the implementation of IPv6
IPv6 Market
• Education & Research Networks. • Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks, Car,...) • Home Networking – Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home • Enterprise – Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. & Applications • Service Providers
IPv6 Deployment
• Many ways to deploy IPv6 services – IPv6 tunnels over IPv4.
– Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6.
– Dual Stack Networks • IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual stack routers • Service Providers and Enterprise may have different deployment need.
IPv6 over WAN Tunnels
• Manually or automatically configured tunnels.
• Tunnel source and destination(IPv4) explicitly configured at each node.
• Both the end nodes have to be dual stacked.
Native IPv6
• It is like building a new IPv6 network.
• Will be a costly proposition.
• No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructure.
• IPv4 traffic can be separated from IPv6.
Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6
• Routers and end systems should be dual stacked.
• May not necessarily apply to the overall infrastructure.
• Network design must be well planned – Memory and CPU size to handle growth for IPv4 & IPv6.
IPv6 over MPLS
• Many Service Providers have deployed IPv4 MPLS backbone for various reasons.
• Here IPv6 can be deployed without upgrading MPLS core.
• The edge routers of MPLS backbone should be dual stacked.
• Native IPv6 MPLS require full network upgrade.
Establishment of IPv6 enabled Test Bed at ERNET
• • To setup IPv6 Test Bed at ERNET Backbone Setup IPv6 Domain Name Server & IPv6 Mail Server at all PoP locations and test Mail Services using IPv6. • • To Demonstrate following features • Plug ‘n’ Play (Auto-configuration) • Multicasting • QoS Organizing an IPv6 workshop for participants from academia and industry.
Infrastructure Upgradation
• Hardware & IOS of Routers at 9 PoP locations • have been upgraded to support dual stack .
A separate IPv6 segment has been created at each 9 POP.
• A server running Linux has been deployed at each 9 POP exclusively for IPv6 services • A separate domain has been created at been created at each POP for IPv6 services.
Routing
• To deploy IPv6, we had following options • Tunneling, Native IPv6 and Dual Stack • Dual Stack of IPv4 and IPv6 has been deployed over ERNET backbone.
• IPv4 and IPv6 routing are running simultaneously.
• For Intra-AS routing, protocol options are • RIP, OSPF, IS-IS • OSPFv3 for IPv6 was deployed as OSPF for IPv4 was already running.
IPv6 Addressing Scheme
• The following IPv6 prefixes have been assigned to ERNET by APNIC:
2001:0E30::/32
• • • ERNET PoPs are being assigned to /40 prefixes .
Based on the above a PoP can further distribute /48 addresses to its customers.(1208925819614629174706176) For example following IPv6 Addresses are proposed to be given for ERNET Delhi PoP users Delhi University JNU Univ. of Rajasthan = 2001:0E30:1801::/48 = 2001:0E30:1802::/48 = 2001:0E30:1803::/48
IPv6 Enabled ERNET Backbone
2001:0E30::5/126
Delhi
::13 2001:0E30::22/126 ::21
Kanpur
Backbone IPv6 Addresses 2001:0E30::/40 2001:0E30::6/126
Mumbai
2001:0E30::57/126 ::58
Pune
2001:0E30::101/126
Backbone Area 0 OSPFv3
2001:0E30::18/126
Hyderabad
::197 ::198
Kolkata
2001:0E30::102/126 ::125 ::129 ::14 ::126 ::178 ::177 ::130
Chennai IISC
::137 ::138
VSAT HUB
• • • • •
Services Deployed
IIT Kanpur is acting as Mail Gateway for incoming and outgoing mails from ERNET. It is running on IPv4.
The individual Mail Servers at each PoP is forwarding and receiving mails from Mail Gateway at Kanpur on IPv6.
All Mail Servers except at Kanpur will have static IPv6. Mail server at Kanpur have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
The mail transaction among mail servers within will be on IPv6 only.
Multicasting across 4 POPs has been tested and it is being tested at remaining POPs.
ERNET IPv6 Test Bed
Delhi IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Calcutta IPv6 Mail/DNS Server IPv6/v4 dual stack segment IPv4 segment Kanpur IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Mumbai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Pune IPv6 Mail/DNS Server UoH IPv6 Mail/DNS Server IPv4 Internet Bangalore IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Chennai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Future Plans
• To run pure IPv6 traffic with GEANT, a Pan European Network.
• To deploy IPv6 in Communication Fabric of Grid Computing.
• To offer Test bed for R & D activity.