Namaste!!! Naba Raj Adhikari NEPAL 1
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Transcript Namaste!!! Naba Raj Adhikari NEPAL 1
Namaste!!!
Naba Raj Adhikari
NEPAL
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HydroMeteorological Activities in
Nepal
Dept. of Hydrology Meteorology
NEPAL
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Nepal: Location
Turkmenistan
Afghanistan
Iran
China
Pakistan
Nepal
Bhutan
Bangladesh
India
Oman
Myanmar
Laos
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130
200
260
400
Kilometers
Kilometers
Sri Lanka
Area:
147,181 km2
Length: ~850 km EW
Width: ~200 km NS
Altitude:~ 60-8848 m
Thailand
Cambodia
Malaysia
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Nepal: Topographic
TITLE HERE
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380
Kilometers
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Nepal: Physiographic
NEPAL
PHISIOGRAPHIC DIVISION
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Physiographic Division
Terai Region
Siwalik Region
Mahabharat Region
High Mountain Region
Higher Himalayas Region
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Kilometers
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Nepal: Physiographic
Terai Region (Gangetic Plain)
Siwaliks Region
Middle Mountain Region
High Mountain Region
Higher Himalayas
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Nepal: Climate
Tropical Climate Terai
Cool temperate and alpine climateHimalayan
ranges
Teraihottest part, summer temp. may rise as
high as 40oc and is hot and humid, winter temp.
7o-23oc
Mountainsmild summer with temp. around 2527oc, sub-zero to 12oc in winter
Himalayas frigid climate
Kathmandu valleypleasant climate with avg.
summer temp. of 19-27oc & 2-12oc winter temp.
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Nepal: Climate (contd.)
Rainfall is extensive (~80% of the annual) during the
south-west monsoon period (June to August) with
eastern part receiving max.
In the winter, the western part receives a larger portion
of rainfall
Annual Precipitation
Plain area 1500 mm or less
Foot of the Siwaliks >2000 mm
Northern side of Mahabharat 1000 mm
Middle/High Mountainfew PTN zones exceeds
5000 mm
Himalayasdecreases up to 300 mm
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DHM (Dept. of Hydrology & Meteorology)
Government Organization under Ministry of Science
and Technology
Has mandate from HMG/N to monitor all hydrological
and meteorological activities in Nepal
No agency is entitled to carry out such activities
without a proper liaison with DHM
Member of WMO
Actively participates in the program relevant
international organizations such as UNESCO’s IHP
and WMO’s OHP etc…
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DHM: Activities
Hydrological and Meteorological activities were
started in an organized manner in 1962
DHM has been upgraded to department status in
1988
Current Projects under DHM
– River Hydrology
– Meteorology
– Weather forecasting
– Flood Forecasting
– Snow & Glacier Hydrology
– Tsho-Rolpa GLOF Risk Reduction Project
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DHM: Station Network
Station Type
Precipitation
Climate
Agro-met
Synoptic
Aero-Synoptic
Total Met.
Hydrometric
No.
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DHM: Station Network
STATION
NETWORK
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Kilometers
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Disasters Scenario (1975-2001)
Disaster Events
4%
5%
61%
30%
Drought/famines
Earthquakes
Epidemics
Floods
Excluding Windstorm
Source: http://www.southasianfloods.org
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Top 10 Natural Disasters
Disaster
Date
Killed
Earthquake
15-Jan-1934
9,040
Epidemic
15-Jun-1991
1,334
Flood
23-Aug-1993
1,048
Epidemic
Nov-1963
1,000
Flood
12-Jul-1996
768
Earthquake
20-Aug-1988
709
Flood
29-Sep-1981
650
Epidemic
Apr-1992
640
Slide
Jul-2002
472
Flood
15-Aug-1970
350
Source: http://www.cred.be/emdat/profiles/natural/nepal.htm#chronological table
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Top 10 Natural Disasters (contd.)
Disaster
Date
Affected
Drought
19-May-1980
3,500,000
Drought
1973
900,000
Flood
23-Aug-1993
553,268
Flood
Aug-1987
351,000
Earthquake
20-Aug-1988
301,016
Earthquake
29-Jul-1980
275,600
Slide
Jul-2002
265,865
Flood
Sep-1983
200,050
Flood
12-Jul-1996
151,382
Slide
Aug-1975
Source: http://www.cred.be/emdat/profiles/natural/nepal.htm#chronological table
75,000
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Disasters: Facts & Figures
Types of Hazards: Drought/famines, Earthquakes,
Epidemics, Floods and Wind Storms
Largest killer: Wind Storms (88.36%, as % of
people killed due to disasters)
Most occurring disaster: Wind Storms (48.02%,
as a % of all disasters)
Largest affecter: Floods (79.59%, as % of all
affected)
Annual frequency of all disasters: 6.56
Annual frequency of wind storms: 3.15
Annual frequency of floods: 1.78
Source: http://www.southasianfloods.org
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Nature of Floods in Nepal
Flash Flood
Inundation of Plain Area
Urban Flooding
Source: http://www.southasianfloods.org
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DHM towards Flood Forecasting
Wireless Data Transmission
Data Sharing with neighboring countries-India &
Bangladesh
Tsho Rolpa Risk Reduction and Early Warning
System
Initiated to calibrate easily available R-R models
HFAM
TOP, Tank, Xinanjinag, ANN, ADM etc.
Results are not encouraging for flood peaks
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Problems
No real time data transmission
system
Flood with landslides:
Difficult to predict landslide
Scouring and siltation of river beds:
difficult to operate automatic recorder
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Flood Forecasting System
Long way to go !!!
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Thank You !!!
Dhanyabad !!!
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A House almost under flood water
23 July 2002
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Urban Flooding-23 July 2002
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Urban Flooding-23 July 2002
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Inundation in Plain Area
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Floods & Landslides-2002
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Floods & Landslides-2003
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Slope Failures: Sources of debris
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Landscape:High Himalayas
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Landscape: High Mountains
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Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake
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Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake
Length: 3.3 km
Width: 0.5 km
Max. Depth: 122 m
Avg. Depth: 55m
Area: 1.65 sqkm
Dam Height: 150 m
Volume: 90-100 million cum
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Tsho Rolpa Early Warning System:
Siren in 19 Villages
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Station network for flood forecasting
Hydro Station
Rainfall Station
Rivers
Nepal
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