Transcript Follow up on Implementation of Outcomes of the

Follow up on Implementation of Outcomes of the
World Summit on Sustainable Development:
Highlights from the Fourth Issue of the
Sustainable Development Report on Africa
An ECA Presentation at the
Seventh Session of the Committee on Food Security and
Sustainable Development (CFSSD-7)
and the
Africa Regional Preparatory Conference for the United Nations
Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 October 2011
Scope of the report
Provide an integrated assessment of progress and
achievements towards sustainable development in the
region based on indicators that:
 Capture most pressing issues in Africa
 Cover economic, social and environmental pillars of sustainable
development
Analyse and showcase the contribution of forests,
biodiversity, biotechnology, tourism and mountains to
sustainable growth and development
Submitted to CFSSD7 to provide synopsis and elicit
comments for finalisation of the 4th issue of the Sustainable
Development Report on Africa
Review of trends and progress towards sustainable
development
Based on integrated indicator set covering:
1. Governance for sustainable development
2. Poverty
3. Demographic change
4. Economic transformation
5. Gender and social equity
6. Education, training and culture
7. Health and Nutrition
8. Food security and agriculture
9. The natural resource base
10.Energy
11.Climate Change
12.Natural and man made disasters
13.Global Partnership for development
Poverty
Overarching priority
for Africa is poverty
eradication
• Significant progress
has been made, but
the economic crisis
has led to a worsening
of the situation in
2008 (% of population
living below USD
1.25/day 52.8% in
2008)
• Important to follow
changes – structural
or temporary impact of
the crisis
Percentage of people living on less than US$ 1.25 a day (PPP,
2005)
58.3
57.5
60
50.9
50
41.6
1990
40
1999
25.2
30
20
4.5
10
4.4
2.6
0
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Northern Africa
World
2005
Economic transformation
Annual percentage growth rate of
GDP, 2009 and 2010
Adjusted net saving excluding PM10 damage,
2000 and 2008
Africa has
experienced
high growth
rate of GDP
but this
masks:
Botswana
Malawi
Algeria
Cape Verde
Rwanda
Morocco
Lesotho
GuineaKenya
Namibia
Ethiopia
Mauritius
Swaziland
Tunisia
Madagascar
Comoros
Gambia, The
Gabon
Uganda
Egypt, Arab
Cote d'Ivoire
Sierra Leone
Zambia
Congo,
South Africa
Central
Mozambique
Seychelles
Ghana
Guinea
Sudan
Equatorial
Angola
Chad
Congo, Rep.
• Significant
differences
across countries
• Unsustainability
of the economy
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
2000
0.00
2008
20.00
40.00
60.00
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Zimbabwe
Niger
Congo, Rep.
Nigeria
Zambia
Rwanda
Mozambique
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Botswana
Malawi
Tanzania
Ghana
Seychelles
Gabon
Liberia
Cape Verde
Kenya
Uganda
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Mauritania
Gambia, The
Sierra Leone
Namibia
Sudan
Sao Tome and Principe
Mali
Chad
Senegal
Mauritius
Burundi
Tunisia
Guinea-Bissau
Togo
Morocco
Lesotho
Central African Republic
Cote d'Ivoire
Benin
Algeria
South Africa
Cameroon
Angola
Eritrea
Comoros
Guinea
Madagascar
Swaziland
Equatorial Guinea
-10
-5
0
2009
5
2010
10
15
Gender and Social Equity
Agriculture still accounts for more than half of employment
of women, and the percentage of women employees in the
sector is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa.
Youth unemployment rate in 2010 fell both in Northern and
Sub-Saharan Africa – but remains very high
• The fact that 23.6% of economically active young people in Northern
Africa were unemployed in 2010 is alarming.
• Specific measures needed to develop the right skills, also taking into
account the transition to green economy.
Energy
• Yet access remains limited,
in particular in SSA, with
significant urban-rural
divide
• More efforts needed to
bridge the gap
Electrification Rate in 2009
Percentage
Access to energy
as a precondition
for development
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Africa
North
Africa
Total
SubSaharan
Africa
Urban
Rural
World
Climate Change
Africa remains the least
contributor of greenhouse
gas emissions per capita
• Yet emissions are on average
growing
• And Africa is already affected
by climate change
Climate change can offer
opportunities to Africa
• Through a reformed Clean
Development Mechanism
• Through technology transfer
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
1990
2
2000
1.5
2005
1
0.5
0
Central
Africa
Eastern
Africa
Northern Southern
Africa
Africa
Western
Africa
Africa
World
Thematic review
Forests in Africa
Africa’s forests fundamental
for poverty reduction
• For instance, in central Africa
hunting provides between 3080% of overall protein intake,
with a value of bush meat trade
ranging from USD42-205m/y
Annual change rate (%)
0
-0.2
While deforestation and
degradation continue,
significant progress has
been made in Africa
-0.4
-0.6
1990-2000
2000–2010
-0.8
-1
-1.2
• Significant increase in forest
areas under Sustainable Forest
Management (SFM) – e.g.
about 1% has received Forest
Stewardship Council
certification
• Significant international
support – e.g. REDD+
Central
Africa
East
Africa
North Southern
Africa
Africa
West
Africa
Total
Africa
World
Biodiversity
Biodiversity plays a vital role for livelihoods.
Six out of the 25 world biodiversity hotspots are in Africa
• ¼ of the world’s mammal species and more than 1/5 of the
bird species occur in Africa
Yet, biodiversity continues to be lost, mostly through:
• Habitat loss, climate change, invasive alien species,
unsustainable use
Efforts to protect biodiversity are being stepped up:
• 53 Countries have National Biodiversity Strategies and Action
Plans
• More than 85% of African countries parties to the Biological
Diverstiy Convention have developed new legislation
• Protected areas continue to increase – by 2010, protected
areas have increase to 15.7% for terrestrial and 4.9% for
marine
Biotechnology
Biotechnology, in particular for agriculture, can
play a crucial role for food security
• Focusing on plant production, livestock, and food
technologies
The priority for biotechnology in Africa remains
in the agricultural sector
However, biotechnology has so far failed to take
root in Africa due to a number of constraints:
• Lack of infrastructures
• Lack of a conducive environment (legislative and
market)
• Inadequate funding
• Limited public and private investment
Tourism
Fastest growing sectors in Africa (growing by 7% over last ten
years)
Important source of income, but is also an opportunity for:
• Promoting local culture
• Improve local infrastructure for local population as well as for
tourists
Tourism in Africa heavily dependent on natural resources:
• Lake Naivasha in Kenya supports more than 300 bird species and is a
major tourist destination
• The Okavango Delta in Southern Africa is estimated to generate more
than USD 145m (2.6% of Botswana’s GNP)
Sustainable tourism must be an integral component of
community development through:
• Effective management of cultural heritage
• Establishment of codes of conduct
• Integrating community based resource management
Mountains ecosystems
Mountains perform a wide range of ecosystem functions,
e.g.
• Many rivers generate from mountains
• Hydroelectric power generation opportunities
• Important centres of biological diversity and cultural heritage
A number of initiatives for sustainable mountains
management have been launched in the region, e.g. :
• Biodiversity conservation
• Climate change
• Watershed management and desertification (e.g. Morocco
Outat Watershed Project)
• Payment for environmental services
• Indigenous people
• Tourism
Conclusions
Conflicts, insufficient investment, limited market access
and supply side constraints, declining levels of ODA,
HIV/AIDS, have hampered Africa’ s efforts towards
sustainable development
Economic growth has happened at the expense of the
natural resource base, while not bringing about the
desired social improvements
This notwithstanding, significant progress has been made.
To capitalise on this:
• Need to focus on new strategies for development planning
and implementation
• Sustainable development strategies must harness the three
pillars of sustainable development in an integrated manner,
with a focus on the overarching need for good governance
Conclusions ctd
Forests
• SFM should be integrated in development plans, taking into
account community needs
• Large scale commercial logging operations should abide to
SFM principles, while at the same time engaging more SME
• Regular resource assessments are needed
Biodiversity
• Biodiversity considerations should be mainstreamed in
national and sectoral plans  ensure sustainable use
• Direct pressures on biodiversity must be addressed (e.g.
population, habitat loss,…)
• The Strategic Plan adopted by COP10 in Nagoya offers an
excellent opportunity to strengthen the sustainable
management of biodiversity
Conclusions ctd
Biotechnology
• Promote Africa-focused biotechnology research on virus free
planting material, bio-processing and value addition, genetic
engineering
• Enhance human resources, infrastructure and financial
capabilities
Tourism
• Promote Sustainable Tourism Development, drawing on the
continent’s natural assets and culture, to benefit also remote
locations
Mountains
• Integrated strategies to manage mountains are required,
integrating socio-economic, legislative, institutional and
technical issues
Thank You
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