Transcript Sarah Morris University of Texas Libraries Plagiarism graphic,

Sarah Morris
[email protected]
University of Texas Libraries
Plagiarism graphic, Sam McNally, Threadless.com
What can I expect if I’m suspected of
academic dishonesty?
Check out the online video tutorial,
featured under Spotlights:
http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs
What is plagiarism?
What do YOU think plagiarism is?
What is plagiarism?
• Representing any material that was obtained
from another source as your own work,
regardless of how or where you acquired it
• Failing to acknowledge the source of any
borrowed material -- whether it’s verbatim
text, ideas, or structure -- results in plagiarism
• Can occur intentionally and unintentionally
Office of the Dean of Students. “ Scholastic Dishonesty - Plagiarism.” Student Judicial Services. Web. 15 Feb
2010.
What is plagiarism?
UT-Austin’s Official Definition
“the appropriation of, buying, receiving as a gift,
or obtaining by any means material that is
attributable in whole or in part to another source,
including words, ideas, illustrations, structure,
computer code, and other expression or media,
and presenting that material as one's own
academic work being offered for credit.”
Section 11-802(d) of the Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities,
http://registrar.utexas.edu/catalogs/gi07-08/app/appc03.html
55% of college presidents reported a
rise in plagiarism at their institution
“Students Cite YouTube, Google, Wikipedia the Most [INFOGRAPHIC].”
Mashable. Web. 15 June 2012.
Top 3 Violations of the 518 Academic
Disciplinary Cases@ UT in 2009/2010:
Cheating
Plagiarism
Collusion
=
=
=
162 cases
141 cases
125 cases
Student Judicial Services, Office of the Dean of Students. “Annual Report of
Disciplinary Cases, 2009--‐2010.”
http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/downloads/sjs_annual_report_0910.pdf
Self-Plagiarism
• Occurs when authors don’t let the reader know
that they are using previously submitted or
published work in a new paper (not a revision).
• Avoid multiple submissions of the same paper.
• If you cut-and-paste a section of a previous
essay into your new paper, you are committing
plagiarism.
• Therefore, clearly note where older information
has come from/been published before.
What is the multiple submission
policy?
• Reusing your own papers without
permission is considered scholastic
dishonesty
• “You may not submit a substantially similar
paper or project for credit in two (or more)
courses unless expressly authorized to do
so by your instructor(s).”
Section 11-802(b) of the Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities,
http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_multsub.php
Plagiarism in the News
In the summer of 2012, writer Jonah
Lehrer was caught plagiarizing …
himself? A series of writers and
media commentators began noticing
that Lehrer was reusing portions of
previously published material in new
articles that he had written for the
New Yorker. Lehrer failed to
acknowledge that his “new” material
had already been published
elsewhere. Lehrer resigned from the
New Yorker and lost a book deal.
Levin, Josh. “Why Did Jonah Lehrer Plagiarize Himself?” Slate Magazine.
19 July 2012.
Olsher, Dean. “Year in Review: Beyond Plagiarism: Will Lehrer Case Prompt
Publishers to Forgo Pop Nonfiction?” Chicago Tribune. 16 December 2012.
Image from slate.com
Plagiarism in the News
UCLA rejected 52 applicants
to their business school
during the fall 2011
semester. These applicants
all plagiarized large portions
of their admissions essays
from various sources,
including, in one case,
UCLA’s own website.
Byrne, John. A. “UCLA rejects 52 MBA applicants for plagiarism.” CNN
Money.
Image from CNN Money.
Plagiarism in the News
In 2010, 17 year-old author
Helene Hegemann was
accused of lifting an entire
page from a lesser-known
author’s work. She claims
it’s “mixing,” not plagiarism.
Kulish, Nicholas. “Author, 17, Says It’s ‘Mixing,’ Not
Plagiarism.” The New York Times 12 Feb 2010.
NYTimes.com. Web. 15 Feb 2010.
Plagiarism in the News
In February 2010, Gerald Posner
resigned from his position at The
Daily Beast after Slate identified
several instances of plagiarism in
his work. Posner claimed that the
“warp speed” of publishing on the
web and mistakes in identifying
the words of others in his
electronic notes led to
“inadvertent” plagiarism.
Posner, Gerald. “My Resignation from The Daily Beast.” The Posner File
10 Feb 2010. Web. 15 Feb 2010.
Shafer, Jack. “Plagiarism at the Daily Beast: Gerald Posner concedes
lifting from the Miami Herald.” Slate Magazine 5 Feb 2010. Web. 15
Feb 2010.
Image from Posner.com
Plagiarism in the News
Indie musician Jonathan Coulton took to Twitter after Glee used
his arrangement of “Baby Got Back” without permission or
acknowledgement. Coulton’s version of the song is doing
amazingly well on iTunes, while Glee’s version has been harshly
criticized by upset Coulton fans.
Hudson, Laura. “Jonathan Coulton Explains How Glee Ripped Off His Cover Song – And Why He’s Not Alone.” Wired. 25 Jan 2013.
Hernandez, Patricia. “Pissed-Off Jonathan Coulton Fans Review-Bomb Glee’s ‘Baby Got Back.’” Kotadu. 31 Jan 2013.
Image from Kotaku.
Video: http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/01/jonathan-coulton-glee-song/
Why should I care?
• Individual academic integrity and
academic progress
• Institutional academic integrity and the
value of your degree
• Future professional and personal integrity
Student Judicial Services. "Consequences of Scholastic Dishonesty Can Be
Severe!.” Scholastic Dishonesty. University of Texas, Austin. 22 Aug. 2007
<http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/scholdis_conseq.php>.
When do I have to cite?
Consider the following scenarios and decide
whether or not you have to provide a citation
for the information described.
Cite it?
You read the phrase “cultural tapeworm” in
an article. You decide to use it in your
paper.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You read the phrase “cultural tapeworm” in
an article. You decide to use it in your
paper.
Cite it! Any unusual phrase borrowed from
another writer or speaker must be cited, no
matter the length.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You quote from an interview you conducted
with your grandmother.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You quote from an interview you conducted
with your grandmother.
Cite it! Whenever you quote someone else’s
words, you must cite them, regardless of
your relationship to that person.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You do a survey of students on campus, asking
about their favorite Austin restaurants. You report
on your findings in your paper.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You do a survey of students on campus, asking
about their favorite Austin restaurants. You report
on your findings in your paper.
Do not have to cite it. When you do original research, you
do not cite yourself if the research is conducted for the
paper. (If you already published the research elsewhere,
you would need to provide a citation to that publication.)
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
In your paper, you summarize but do not quote a
state court opinion, which is in the public domain.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
In your paper, you summarize but do not quote a
state court opinion, which is in the public domain.
Cite it! When you refer to a source, you must cite
it, regardless of whether or not it is copyrighted.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You are writing a paper for a psychology
class about what influences eating disorders
in the United States. As a nursing student,
you know off the top of your head that those
suffering from bulimia often stay at a normal
weight. But you’re not sure if this is well
known in psychology. Cite it?
Cite it?
You are writing a paper for a psychology class about what
influences eating disorders in the United States. As a nursing
student, you know off the top of your head that those suffering
from bulimia often stay at a normal weight. But you’re not sure if
this is well known in psychology. Cite it?
Depends. This is an example of when “common knowledge” in
one field may not be widely known in another. If you’re unsure if
something needs citing, you can always ask your professor or TA
if a fact is common knowledge. Common knowledge can be
tricky, so use your best judgment to decide if something needs a
citation or not. When in doubt, cite it.
Cite it?
You’re writing about global warming. On a
website, you locate a graph illustrating the
effects of climate change and paste it into
your paper.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
Cite it?
You’re writing about global warming. On a
website, you locate a graph illustrating the effects
of climate change and paste it into your paper.
Cite it! Photographs, drawings, graphs, and other
visual materials are forms of ideas and their
creators should be credited, whether the item is in
a book or found online.
Harris, Robert A. "Using Sources Quiz." The Plagiarism Handbook. Los Angeles:
Pyrczak Publishing, 2001. 143-144.
What sources do need to be
cited?
• Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper,
song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program,
letter, advertisement, or any other medium
• Information you gain through interviewing or conversing
with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in
writing
• When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase
• When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts,
pictures, or other visual materials
• When you reuse or repost any electronically-available
media, including images, audio, video, or other media
• Bottom line: document any words, ideas, or other
productions that originate somewhere outside of you.
Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism." The OWL at Purdue. 18 Sept. 2007. Purdue University.
11 Oct. 2007 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02>.
What sources do not need to be
cited?
• Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and
insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a
subject
• When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or
field experiments
• When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video,
audio, etc.
• When you are using "common knowledge," things like folklore,
common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and
historical events (but not historical documents)
• When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is
bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within
particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition
studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.
Stolley, Karl. "Avoiding Plagiarism." The OWL at Purdue. 18 Sept. 2007. Purdue University.
11 Oct. 2007 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02>.
Why should I use sources?
• Sources show an appreciation of the work of others
in the field.
• Using sources demonstrates your ability to use
statistics/theories/models, etc. to build on your own
arguments.
• Sources verify your claims. Readers want to know
how you have come to make this assumption.
Remember: Sources support what you say;
they don’t say it for you.
When should I use a quotation?
• When the person you quote is an authority in the field
Sigmund Freud argues that dreams are the “royal road to the
unconscious” (65).
• When the quotation contains vivid, memorable language
that gives the character of the source:
Garner once told Lyndon Johnson that the vice-presidency "wasn't
worth a bucket of warm spit” (45).
• When the quotation offers a unique point of view:
Evans, a survivor of the wreck, called the scene on the ground
“chaotic and disorganized” (1).
How to set up/frame quotations
• Use signal phrases and attributive tags:
– As Smith mentions, “…”
– Rodriquez noted this also, “…”
• Embed quotations:
– Chung calls the proceedings “preposterous”
(Mellon 223).
Remember: don’t string long chains of quotations
together without analyzing them. This leaves your
reader wondering if you have anything to say
yourself.
What is a paraphrase?
• Very similar to a summary, but uses roughly the
same number of words.
• Reflects the ideas of the original author and not
your reflections on them.
• “You are guilty of plagiarism if you half-copy the
author’s sentences – either by mixing the
author’s phrases with your own without using
quotation marks or by plugging your synonyms
into the author’s sentence structure.”
Hacker, Diana. The Bedford Handbook. 6th ed. New
York: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2002.
Why paraphrase?
• It can help you better understand and
process the material
• Can prevent unintentional plagiarism
• Reduces overuse of quotations
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/1/
How would you paraphrase this?
“However, while many of its traditional American
family sitcom predecessors situated themselves in
the suburbs so as to sing a love song to small town
America, The Simpsons is deeply parodic of the
sitcom lifestyle and regularly satirizes all manner of
American institutions and ideals. A great deal of its
satiric-parodic powers derive from its characters so
clearly inverting family sitcom norms” (Gray 135).
Gray, Jonathan. “Imagining America: The Simpsons Go Global..” Popular
Communication 5.2 (2007): 129-148. Communication and Mass Media
Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2010.
A
Gray claims that The Simpsons uses its familiar suburban
setting not to celebrate small town America, as sitcoms in the
past have done, but to provide a backdrop for satirizing the
ideals portrayed in those sitcoms, as well as other traditional
American values and institutions. The Simpsons works so well
as a parody in part because the characters act in opposite ways
from those in traditional sitcom families (135).
B
Gray claims that while many family sitcoms in the past were
located in the suburbs so they could sing a love song to
small town America, The Simpsons is a parody of sitcom
lifestyles and satirizes many other American institutions and
ideals. Much of the show’s satiric-parodic powers come
from its characters’ clear inversion of family sitcom norms
(135).
Online paraphrase self-test
You can use this test to see if you used any
overlapping language in your paraphrase:
http://tinyurl.com/paraphrasetest
Acceptable Paraphrase:
Plagiarized Paraphrase:
6 steps to effective paraphrasing
1. Reread the original passage until you understand its
full meaning.
2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on
a note card.
3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to
remind you later how you envision using this
material. At the top of the note card, write a key
word or phrase to indicate the subject of your
paraphrase.
Purdue OWL. “6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing.” Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words. Web. 15 Feb
2010.
6 steps to effective paraphrasing
4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure
that your version accurately expresses all the
essential information in a new form.
5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or
phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the
source.
6. Record the source (including the page) on your note
card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to
incorporate the material into your paper.
Purdue OWL. “6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing.” Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words. Web. 15 Feb
2010.
“How to Tell if You’re Plagiarizing.”
EasyBib. Web. 15 June 2012.
Further resources
• Undergraduate Writing Center –
uwc.utexas.edu
• University of Texas Libraries –
www.lib.utexas.edu
– Ask a Librarian – www.lib.utexas.edu/ask
• NoodleBib – www.lib.utexas.edu/noodlebib
• Student Judicial Services –
http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/index.php
– Discipline Process http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/discprocess.php
Further resources
Plagiarism tutorial available at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/plagiarism
Questions?