Transcript MINE AWARENESS INSTRUCTOR

MINE AWARENESS
INSTRUCTOR
PURPOSE
To increase individual soldier understanding
of the mine and unexploded ordnance
(UXO) threat in the former Republic of
Yugoslavia and develop countermine skills
in order to protect the force while
conducting all operations during operation
Joint Endeavor.
TRAINING OBJECTIVES
“WHAT YOU WANT TO WALK AWAY WITH”
• STEPS TO TAKE WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER
A MINE OR UXO
• KNOW THE INDICATORS OF MINES AND
BOOBYTRAPS
• KNOW THE V CORPS CONVOY MINE
STRIKE DRILL
RISK MANAGEMENT & REDUCTION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
EXTREMELY HIGH
-1 MILLION MINES
RISK MANAGEMENT & REDUCTION:
HAZARD
CONTROLS
• STAY ON APPROVED ROUTES
ONE MILLION
UNCLEARED
MINES
• STOP, AVOID, REPORT, MARK
• SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
• LAND NAVIGATION
• DEVELOP MINE SENSE
MINE AWARENESS
“A SOLDIER WHO IS NOT ENGAGED WITH
DIRECT OR INDIRECT FIRE SHOULD NEVER
BECOME A CASUALTY”
“MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS”, DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
ACTIONS UPON DETECTION
•
•
•
•
•
STOP
AVOID
REPORT
MARK
CONTINUE MISSION?
EXAMPLE REPORTING FORMAT
GREEN 1
1. DTG OBSTACLE LOCATED
2. UNIT LOCATING OBSTACLE
3. OBSTACLE TYPE
4. GRID LOCATION
5. TRIP WIRES (YES OR NO)
6. ANTI-HANDING DEVICES (YES OR NO)
7. LOCATION OF BYPASS/BREACH
8. MINEFIELD MARKED (YES OR NO)
9. REMARKS
ESTIMATED NUMBER OF
UNCLEARED MINES IN THEATRES
LOCATION
AFGHANISTAN
KUWAIT - IRAQ
ANGOLA
SOMALIA
RWANDA
MOZAMBIQUE
LANDMINES (MILLIONS)
9 -10
5 - 7 + 5 -10
9
1 - 1.5
UNK - EST THOUSANDS
2
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
1
CROATIA
CAMBODIA
1
4-7
STATISTICS FROM US DEPT OF STATE POLITICAL - MILITARY AFFAIRS REPORT (1993)
“MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS”, DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
WAR RELATED CASUALTIES
IN IFOR (DEC 1995)
CAUSE
WOUNDED
KILLED
MINES & UXO
131
12
INDIRECT FIRE
162
8
DIRECT FIRE
111
18
“MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS”, DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
MINE TYPES
• ANTI-PERSONNEL - DESIGNED TO KILL
OR MAIM DISMOUNTED TROOPS
• ANTI-TANK - DESIGNED TO DESTROY
OR DISABLE TRACK OR WHEELED
VEHICLES
• CHEMICAL - DESIGNED TO DISPENSE
SMOKE, CS OR MORE DANGEROUS
BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
FUZE TYPES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PRESSURE
OVER PRESSURE/DELAY
SEISMIC
MAGNETIC
CHEMICAL
TRIP WIRE (PUSH/PULL)
COMMAND DETONATED
MINE REMOVAL
US ARMY DOCTRINE ON HANDLING MINES AND
UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE:
US FORCES SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT
TO DISARM OR PHYSICALLY MOVE
ENEMY OR UNOBSERVED US MINES.
OUR GOAL IS TO DESTROY MINES IN
PLACE.
VISUAL DETECTION
• SURFACE LAID MINES ARE USUALLY VISIBLE
• SIGNS OF ROAD REPAIR (NEW FILL, PAVING,
ROAD PATCHES, DITCHING OR CULVERT
WORK)
• WIRES LEADING AWAY FROM THE ROAD
• ODD FEATURES OR PATTERNS
• PIECES OR WOOD OR DEBRIS ON ROAD.
• SIGNS TREES, POSTS OR STAKES.
• DAMAGED VEHICLES OR DEAD ANIMALS.
LIKELY LOCATIONS FOR
MINES AND BOOBYTRAPS
• MOUNTAIN PASSES AND NARROW ROADS WITH
NO SHOULDERS OR BYPASSES
• OLD CHECK POINTS AND BATTLEFIELDS
• ALONG OBSTACLE BYPASSES
• OBVIOUS REST AREAS/CLEARINGS ALONG
ROADS
• ABANDONED BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
• ABANDONED WEAPONS AND TRINKETS
ATTRACTIVE TO SOUVENIR HUNTERS
OTHER DETECTION METHODS
• LOCAL CIVILIANS MAY KNOW WHERE MINES
AND BOOBYTRAPS ARE LOCATED IN THE AO.
• LOCAL MILITIA FORCES MAY BE ABLE TO
PROVIDE ASSISTANCE IN LOCATING TACTICAL
MINEFIELDS.
• LOCALLY KNOWN MARKING SYSTEMS (ROCK
PILES, BROKEN BRANCHES ON TREES,
CROSSED STICKS ON ROADS)
MINEFIELD MARKING IN THE
FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
MINIRANO
MNHE
MINE
MINEFIELD WARNING SIGNS
EXPEDIENT MARKING IN THE
FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Three hash
marks.
This symbol can be
painted on, with or
without the triangle.
FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN
MINE EMPLOYMENT
MINEFIELD PROTECTING A MUNITIONS DUMP
PMR 2
MRUDs
50 cm
PMA 2s
1M
MRUD Command
Firing Position
FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN
MINE EMPLOYMENT
ROAD OBSTACLES
Buried TMA3s
Blocking Bypass
Berm Cross Section
Small
Road
Berm Across
Roadway Road with
4 TMA3s.
1.5 M
TMA3
2M
FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN
MINE EMPLOYMENT
RURAL ROADBLOCK
BURIED
TMA 3s
PMR 2s
IN SERIES
SURFACE
LAID TMA 3s
X
X
X
X
X
X
FABRICATED
DRAGONS TEETH
CMTC LESSONS LEARNED
• ATTACH TOW CABLE TO THE BACK OF
VEHICLES TO EASE EXTRACTION OF
CASUALTIES AND DISABLED VEHICLES
• EVERY VEHICLE CARRIES A MINE/UXO
MARKING KIT
• LEAD CONVOYS WITH A HARDENED OR
MINE RESISTANT VEHICLE
• TIE DOWN EQUIPMENT IN THE VEHICLE
SMALL UNIT METHODS TO
DECREASE VULNERABILITY
• CHECK WITH HIGHER TO CONFIRM
ROUTE IS CLEARED BEFORE MOVING
• AVOID PREDICTABILITY
• SAND BAG AND HARDEN SOFT SKIN
VEHICLES
• KNOW UNIT SOP FOR MINE RECON
• MARK AND REPORT!!!
EXPEDIENT MARKING
MARKING RULES
• CLEARLY VISIBLE FROM ALL
DIRECTIONS OF TRAVEL
• SEMI-PERMANENT
• MARKING TECHNIQUE DOES
NOT JEOPARDIZE MARKING
CREW
MINES
• REPORT MARKING TO
HIGHER
MINE STRIKE
• IF A VEHICLE IN A CONVOY ON A PREVIOUSLY CLEARED
ROUTE STRIKES A MINE, ALL OTHER VEHICLES IN THE CONVOY
IMMEDIATELY STOP.
• MOVING OFF THE ROAD OR TOWARDS THE SHOULDERS
(HERRING BONE) COULD EXPOSE MORE VEHICLES TO MINES.
• SECURITY IS PROVIDED BY MAINTAINING VEHICLE SPACING
AND ALTERNATING VEHICLE MOUNTED WEAPONS.
• DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT SHOULD BE RESTRICTED UNTIL A
PATH TO THE DISABLED VEHICLE IS CLEARED AND MARKED.
• METT-T WILL DICTATE WHEN THE CONVOY CAN CONTINUE
MOVEMENT.
V CORPS MINE STRIKE PROCEDURES
WITH ENGINEERS IN THE CONVOY
• CONVOY CDR HALTS CONVOY AND REPORTS TO HIGHER
• NO VEHICLE MOVEMENT OR DISMOUNTING SOLDIERS
• 360 DEGREE SECURITY PROVIDED FROM VEHICLES
• SENIOR ENGINEER DIRECTS CLEARANCE OPERATIONS THROUGH
CONVOY COMMANDER
• SWEEP TEAM CLEARS FOOTPATH TO INJURED PERSONNEL; BEGIN
FIRST AID
• SWEEP TEAM CLEARS AN LZ
• LOCATED MINES CLEARLY MARKED
• UNIT CLEARS WRECKAGE AND FILLS MINE CRATER
• ROAD GUARDS GUIDE VEHICLES AROUND MINES
• MINES CLEARED AFTER CONVOY MOVES OUT OF AREA
• UNIT CONTINUES MISSION
SELF/UNIT EXTRACTION
• FREEZE (STOP ALL MOVEMENT IN AREA)
• LEADER REPORTS TO HIGHER AND
DESIGNATES PATH TO CLEAR THROUGH
MINEFIELD
• EXTRACTION ELEMENT PROBES AND MARKS A
CLEARED PATH; CHECKS FOR TRIP WIRES AND
BURIED MINES; MARKS PATH AND MINES
• OTHER ELEMENTS PROBE TO CLEARED PATH
• EVACUATE CASUALTIES BY PROBING; DRAG TO
PATH AND EVACUATE AS REQUIRED.
MINE AWARENESS
TACTICAL HINT
REGARDLESS OF THE ARMORED VEHICLE, WHEN
THE MINE THREAT IS HIGHER THAN THE DIRECT
FIRE THREAT, KEEP YOUR HATCHES “CRACKED”
OPEN AN INCH OR TWO. THAT WAY, IF YOU DRIVE
OVER A MINE, THE OVERPRESSURE FROM THE
EXPLOSION WILL HAVE AN ESCAPE IF THE HULL
IS PENETRATED.
“MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS”, DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
Former Yugoslavian
Mine Employment
AT (Full Width) Minefields
20- 40 M
9-12 M
Former Yugoslavian
Mine Employment
AT (Pressure) Minefields
20- 40 M
4-5.5 M
FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN
MINE EMPLOYMENT
URBAN ROADBLOCK
PMR2s
TRIP WIRE CONNECTING
MINES TOGETHER
FABRICATED
DRAGONS TEETH
X
X
X
SURFACE LAID
TMA 3s
REVIEW
•Understand the mine threat risk reduction
measures.
•Know the indicators of mines and booby
traps.
•Steps to take when you encounter mines,
UXO, or booby traps.
•Understand expedient marking systems.
•Be familiar with the V Corps convoy mine
strike drill.