Transcript Slavery and The War Between the States

Slavery and The War
Between the States
You Need to Know
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Antebellum
Northwest Ordinance
3/5th Compromise
20 year moratorium on slave
trade
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Abolitionism
William Lloyd Garrison/The
Liberator
Fredrick Douglas/ North Star
Underground Railroad
Wilmot Proviso
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The 1850's: Decade of Crisis
Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Demise of the Whig Party
Emergence of the Republican Party
Dred Scott decision and Lecompton
crisis
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1858
John Brown's raid
The election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln
The secession crisis
During and After the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
Black Soldiers- 54th Massachusetts
Civil War DBQ:
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To what extent was the secession of the
Southern states
the result of the breakdown in the legacy of
compromise
beginning with the constitutional
convention?
DBQ Outline
Introduction- History of Slavery in the United States has
been a history of compromise
The conflict between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery
groups in America resulted in the decision of the
Southern states to secede.
 I- Constitution and Compromises Before 1950
Missouri Compromise 1820
Missouri Compromise:
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1818 settlers in Missouri territory requested admission to the Union
The question rose, should it be a slave state or a free state?
Henry Clay- leader in Congress from Kentucky –
Conflict emerged between Southern and Northern groups.
He created a compromise- to allow equal number of slave and free states
Maine enters as a free state and Missouri enters as a slave state.
Provided for the entrance of new states in the Louisiana Purchase, Slavery is
not allowed above 36º 30’
Abolitionism
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Extremist movement in the North to end Slavery
(Christian based)
Saw slavery as a moral issue clearly wrong/evil
Religious foundations
Massachusetts- key- location
Agitated for end of slavery
Wanted to stop the spread of slavery in the Expansion
of the country
Abolitionist Movement:
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The movement to end slavery and free African Americans
100 plus societies in the North
Some suggested that Former slaves be resettled in Africa
Some said former slaves remain in US as free citizens
William Lloyd Garrison was one Abolitionist, published a
newspaper The Liberator
His paper advocated and called for immediate emancipation
Fredrick Douglas was a former slave, well educated and
advocated the end of Slavery at any means possible.
Abolitionists
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Douglas
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Garrison
Underground Railroad:
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Secret group of abolitionists who helped
runaway slaves travel to Canada
Harriet Tubman- former slave helped people
escape North
Wilmot Proviso
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Amendment- to the settlement of Mexican American
War
Said no slavery allowed in land obtained from MexicoCalifornia, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico…
(It did not pass the Senate)
Crittenden Compromise (is similar)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852
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Abolitionist propaganda
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Novel designed to create anger among
population
Novel inflamed tensions and anger over Slavery
by both North and South
map
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California
Popular Sovereignty- in Former Mexican land
Fugitive Slave Law
Wilmot Proviso fails
Compromise of 1850:
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Clay and Webster
States entering the Union, California
Compromise between Northern and Southern powers in
Congress
California enters the Union as a free state
South gets a new Fugitive Slave Law said escaped slaves
could be recaptured in the North and that people helping
slaves could be prosecuted- $1000 fine and 6 months in jail.
Slavery and Popular Sovereignty Territories that are ready
for statehood could decide if they wanted slavery
Fugitive Slave Law:
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Slaves that escape, were to be arrested and
returned to their owners
Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was
liable for a fine of $1000. and imprisonment for
up to six months
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: Very important
Sponsored by Senator Steven Douglas of Illinois
Wanted to pass a railroad bill- had to appease Southern interests
Repealed the Missouri Compromise- now slavery would be
allowed in Louisiana Purchase- if requirements were met
Said that territories of Kansas and Nebraska could decide
through a vote of the people if they wanted slavery or not
(Popular Sovereignty)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Consequences:
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Destroys and divides the Whig party
Divides Northern Democrats- those that don’t want the
expansion of slavery leave party create an new and different
Republican Party
Causes fighting in Kansas- Pro-slavery factions (from
Missouri) vs Anti-Slavery Factions from North East (John
Brown begins there)
Two territorial governments are formed- one slave one free,
this is a mini civil war known as “Bleeding Kansas”
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Emergence of Republican Party
1854
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As people began to be more intolerant and
sensitive to slavery a new political party
developed.
Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and spread of
slavery in the territories
The party becomes an “umbrella group”
United a number of anti-slavery groupsabolitionists, Free Soiliers, Whigs, Democrats,
Know Nothings
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How did the South
receive the Dredd Scott
Case?
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Why does John Brown
scare the hell out of the
Southerners?
Why did the Dredd Scott Case cause
so much anger in the North?
Dred Scott Case 1857
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Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Missouri
His owner took him to Illinois and Wisconsin and back to
Missouri
Scott brought a law suit for his freedom, it went to the
Supreme Court
He argued that he had lived in a free state and therefore he
should be free.
The (Taney) court ruled against Scott “Scott lacked legal
standing to sue in Federal Court because he was not, nor
ever could be a citizen.”
“Being in free territory did not make a slave free.”
The court cited the 5th amendment that protects property,
including slaves.
Dredd Scott
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Constitutional Justifications:
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US Constitution Article 4 section 2“No person held to service or labor in
one state… escaping into another,
shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from
such service or labor…”
US Constitution, Article 4, section
3- “the Congress shall have power to
dispose of and make all needful rules
and regulations respecting the Territory
or other property belonging to the
United States…” (Dissenting
argument)
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Key point: The Dred Scott Case
strengthened and expanded Slave
owners’ rightsCaused the rejection of all the
slavery related compromisesnow slavery could take place in
free states.
Why does John Brown scare the hell
out of the Southerners?
John Brown’s Raid 1859
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John Brown was a radical
abolitionist
He wanted slaves to rise up and
take their freedom
He and 21 other, both white and
black attacked the Federal Arsenal
at Harpers Ferry and was defeated,
tried and executed
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Caused reaction both in the North
and South, some Northerners
celebrated Brown’s actions
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The South became outraged and
convinced that they could not live
safely with the North- they became
convinced that the North wanted
slave rebellion.
Lincoln
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Lincoln’s Election (page 163-64)
Lincoln, a Congressman from Illinois, first ran for
Senate against Douglas- lostLincoln believed Slavery was Immoral
Slavery in the territories should be disallowed
Believed slavery should be abolished with a
constitutional amendment
Lincoln Douglas Debates 1856
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He gained notoriety from the Senatorial election in Illinois (Lincoln Douglas debates)
In those debates he put forth the idea that The concept of Equality voiced in the
Declaration of Independence was meant for all human beings and that the
government of the US should support this interpretation…
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Philosophy
EQUALITY THROUGH CONSTITUTIONAL MEANS- meant protecting
the established order but working for change in a clear, law abiding
framework.
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Mostly an anti-expansion of slavery moderate Republican
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Lincoln View
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All humans deserve freedom. “All me are born
equally free. The natural right to human liberty
applied to all people. Where no law established
slavery, freedom prevailed.”
(Territories)
Lincoln
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1860 Republicans nominated Lincoln for
president
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He tried to reassure the South by stating, A
Republican administration would not “Interfere
with their slaves, or with them about their
slaves.”
Election of 1860
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Democrats split into Two
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North- Stephen Douglas- procompromise
South- Breckenridge- the
Southern candidate
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Republican Umbrella Group:
Northern Anti-Slavery
Democrats
Anti-Immigration “Know
Nothings”
Former Whigs
Abolitionists extremists
What factors persuaded the North to
elect Republicans?
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Victories by Slave Holding
States
Dread Scott Decision
Fighting in Kansas over
Slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Compromise of 1850
Enforcement of Fugitive
Slave Act
Why does the Election results
of 1860 cause the Southern
states to secede?
Election of 1860
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The 37th Congress was
elected in 1860
Republicans
House = 105; Senate =
31
Democrats
House = 43; Senate = 10
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The 38th Congress in
1862
Republicans
House = 102; Senate =
36
Democrats
House = 75; Senate = 9
Secession Crisis
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Southern states fearing the end of slavery and the limitations of
their rights as states, decide to leave the Union and created their
own government
First to go:
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South Carolina Dec. 1860
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas…
Buchanan,
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15
President
Buchanan was weak, an apologist for the South
“The south was in no real danger because Lincoln would be restrained by
Congress. The president would have to follow the dictates of the federal
courts, which sustained slavery in the territories and the fugitive slave law.”
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If the South did secede, the president lacked the constitutional power to stop
it.
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Perhaps a constitutional convention to pass an amendment protecting slavery
in any state that now had or should later want it would calm things… would
help.
Northern Democrats
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said:
“If a state secedes, it is revolution and the seceders are traitors.
Those who are charged with the executive branch of
government are recreant to their oaths if they fail to use all
lawful means to put down such rebellion”
Some senators looked back to Andrew Jackson, regarding the
South Carolina nullification issue, “By the eternal, I will hang
them.”
“Oh for one hour of Jackson!”
Lincoln Before Inauguration wrote privately after the
election explaining he would:
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Not interfere with slavery where it existed
Would favor the end of opposition to the fugitive slave law
Had no intention of using the power over interstate commerce to touch
slavery
He desperately wanted to avert a conflict;
He said, “Each and all of the states will be left in as complete control of
their own affairs respectively and at as perfect liberty to choose, employ,
their own means of preserving and protecting property, and preserving
peace and order…”
He and others both North and South Democrats wanted one more
compromise.
Moderate Republicans helped negotiate with moderate Southern and
Northern Democrats
Crittenden Compromise:
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Slavery within the states to be protected from national
government interference
The revival of the Missouri Compromise line 3630’- extended
to the Pacific
No interference with interstate slave trade
Slaveholders who lost runaways to Northern states to be
compensated
Attempt was made to reassure the south and protect slavery
Republicans don’t allow it. Compromise was dead.
Last Word From Lincoln
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However, Lincoln would not compromise on the issues of
Expansion of Slavery and he clearly made a concerted
commitment to the concept of equality and associate this
with African Americans!:
“ Let there be no compromise on the question of extending
slavery.”
“There is no possible compromise upon it… hold firm as
with a chain of steel.”
“ I will be inflexible on the territorial question, I am for
fighting again- that is all.”
Southerners were correct that he intended to reverse slavery
in the territories.
End of Compromise
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“All hope of relief in the union, through the
agency of committees, Congressional legislation
or constitutional amendments is extinguished.”