Transcript Document 7226865

Morus alba
Maria Mejia
Morus alba
Common name: White Mulberry
(Russian mulberry, Silkworm mulberry, Moral blanco)
Origin: Northern China
but widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere
• habit: short-lived, fast-growing, small to
medium sized mulberry tree or shrub. The
fruit in the species in the wild is deep purple
but in many cultivated plants it varies from
white to pink
• the "white" in the plant’s name refers to its
leaf-buds
Morus alba
Culture uses by China:
- cultivate white mulberry leaves to feed
silkworms which has been done for over 4
thousand years ago
- The fruit are also eaten dried or made into
wine
• It has also been grown widely from India,
Afghanistan, Iran and S.Europe for the leaves in
order to feed silkworms
• In the US a fruitless mulberry was developed for
feeding the leaves to silkworms, the
pupa/cocoon of which is used in producing silk
• These trees are now used as an ornamental tree
where shade is desired without fruit
Morus alba
Therapeutic uses in China & USA and elsewhere:
- the fruit is used to treat prematurely grey hair, “tonify” the blood & treat
constipation & diabetes
- the bark is used to treat cough, wheezing, edema, and to promote
urination
- also treats fever, headache, red dry and sore eyes
- Antihelmintic, antidiarrheal, Laxative
- chewed in toothache to avoid further destruction or cavitations of the
tooth
* A flavanoid, Kuwanon G, isolated from the root bark of M. alba exhibits
antibacterial activity against food poisoning microorganisms &
Streptococcus mutants (oral microflora)
Morus alba
Active compound: - Gamma-aminobutyric acid
(GABA)
- 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)
(the inhibitory compound extracted from leaf)
- Essential amino acids (18)
- Sitosterol
Mechanism of action:
- mode of antibacterial action is inhibition or blocking of cell growth of bacteria
- preferential antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria
(tooth decay)
- reduce absorption carbohydrates like sugar  blood glucose level remains
controlled
- compared to vancomycin efficacy
Morus alba
A Babylonian story that was later
incorporated into Greek and
Roman mythology attributes the
reddish purple color of the white
mulberry (Morus alba) fruits to
the tragic deaths of the lovers
Pyramus & Thisbe
references
• http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/751.full.pdf
• http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/DATA/Pf000542.htm
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http://thaifloriade.doae.go.th/hort_cd/herb/html/22_mulberry.htm
• http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MOAL
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_alba
• http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Morus_alba.html
Cinnamomum camphor
Kuan-Tsen Chen
Biol 454L Ethnobotany
Taxonomy
• Evergreen Tree
• Family: Lauraceae
• Location
– China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
– Naturalized in Australia and US
• Common name: Camphor, Zhang shu in mandarin
• Tall: 50-150 ft.; the width: 15 ft.
• The yellowish veins of the leaves and the odor from crushed
leaf
Traditional Usages
• It is widely planted as a shade tree, screen or windbreak.
• Wood
– chests, closets, coffins, instruments, and sculptures.
Active compound- camphor
• Waxy, white or transparent solid
– Ingredient in cooking
• Kheer in India
– Nitrocellulose (Celluloid)
– Repellent
Medicinal Use of camphor
• Camphor is readily absorbed through the skin
and produces a feeling of cooling similar to
that of menthol and acts as slight local
anesthetic and antimicrobial substance.
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Anti-itch ointments, creams and cooling gels
Throat lozenges and cough syrups
Relieving for sore muscles and arthritic pain
Parasite infection
Toxicity
• Large amount is poisonous
– Seizure
– Confusion
– Irritability
– In China medicine, the camphor oil is forbidden
use for pregnant woman.
Citation
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http://hubpages.com/hub/Medicinal-Uses-of-Camphor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora
http://www.floridata.com/ref/c/cinn_cam.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor
Angelica Sinensis
Angelica sinensis "dong quai”
• General Description: Angelica sinensis is a type of
herb related to plants like carrots, parsley, dill and
celery. This particular member of the family is most
used as an herbal treatment and is best known as an
ingredient in Chinese medicine.
• Plant family: Apiaceace
• Common Name: dong quai, dang gui, tang-kuei
• Native to China
• Grown in East Asia and China
• The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and
heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and
basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light
woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.
• Found in damp mountainous regions, on river banks.
• It has hollow stems that can rise as high as 7 feet. The
blooms are greenish white in color. It Blooms from
May to August.
Active compounds
• Dong Quai root has 0.4 - 0.7% volatile oils,
butylidene phthalide, n-valeropheneone-Ocarboxylic acid, dihydrophthalic anhydride,
carvacrol, safrole, isosafrol, sesquiterpenes,
cadinene, dodecanol, tetradecanol, n-butylphalid,
ferulic acid, succinic acid, nicotinic acid, a number
of coumarins and furocoumarins, uracil, adenine,
ligustilide, folinic acid, beta-sitosterol, vitamin E,
vitamin B12 (0.25 -40 mcg/100g), beta-carotene,
palmitic acid, angelic acid, angelol, myristic acid,
angelicone and sucrose
Medical Usage
• There are many claims for its supportive value to treat a variety of
conditions, but many are for the female reproductive system.
• This herb has been used very extensively in China, especially after
delivery of a child as a postparturition tonic.
• Dong quai was also used, to regulate menses, as a blood tonic, as a
mild sedative, and for abdominal pains.
• treatment during and after menopause. It has been celebrated by
herbalists for containing phytoestrogens, which may help replace
missing estrogen and make less noticeable some of the symptoms
of menopause.
• It has also been used for angina, chills, diabetes, hypertension,
headaches, nephritis and lumbago.
• act against Vitamin E deficiency, which may related to its fetusstabilizing effect, and prevention of testicular disease
Medical Uses
• Parts Used: Dried Root (Radix
Angelicae Sinensis, or Chinese
angelica) and Rhizomes
• Found in tea, herbal
preparations, tablets or
capsules
• injected into acupuncture
points to inhibit pain
• Dosage:
– 2-6g/day dried root (Women
may take 3–4 grams daily in
three divided applications)
– 4-12mL/day 1:2 fluid extract
(usual dosage 3–5mL of extract
taken three times per day)
Cautions
• Dong Quai may actually cause miscarriage, and
the herb is not recommended for women who
are pregnant.
• It’s also considered appropriate to treat
conditions like anemia or cardiovascular disease.
With the latter, Dong Quai does seem to have
some anticoagulant effect. It should therefore be
used with care if people are taking prescribed
medications that have a blood-thinning effect.
Side Effects
• develops skin rash, photosensitivity, and stomach upset
• Diarrhea
• Some people exhibit hypersensitivity to the herb, which
may lead to excessive bleeding and occasionally fevers.
• There have been noted some cases of photosensitivity and
a mild laxative effect
• Some references are concerned about toxicity because of
the safrol content of Angelica Sinensis, but with such a
substantial amount of usage across centuries of Chinese
history, there would appear to be little need for concern
when the herb is consumed within the therapeutic range.
References
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_sinensis
http://www.foodsnherbs.com/new_page_39.htm
http://www.mountaingardensherbs.com/specialties.html
http://www.wrc.net/wrcnet_content/herbalresources/materiamedica/materia
medica.aspx?mmid=7
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-angelica-sinensis.htm
http://www.crazyfortea.com/angelicasinensis.html
http://www.globalherbalsupplies.com/herb_information/dong_quai.htm
http://www.rain-tree.com/dongquai.htm