Transcript 2010 NMMSS Users and Training Meeting Australia’s system of tracking

2010 NMMSS Users and Training Meeting
Australia’s system of tracking
obligated nuclear material
Dr. Stephan Bayer
Director, Nuclear Accountancy and Control Section
Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office
Las Vegas 19 May 2010
1
Outline
• Functions of ASNO
• Australian uranium export policy
• Nuclear Cooperation Agreements
• Tracking obligated nuclear material
– NMMSS and NUMBAT
• Reconciliation
• Inventory Reports
• Looking ahead
2
ASNO’s Operating Environment
3
ASNO Structure
Assistant Secretary
John Kalish
4
Nuclear Accountancy and Control Section
• Domestic Safeguards
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–
–
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Facilitate IAEA inspections
Additional Protocol
Domestic Safeguards Inspections
IAEA reporting
• Bilateral Safeguards
–
–
–
–
Australian uranium export policy
Nuclear Cooperation Agreements (“123” agreements)
Administrative Arrangements
Accounting for AONM and FONM
• Nuclear Security (Physical Protection)
– Implementation and inspections: INFCIRC/225/Rev.4
– Development of standards (Nuclear Security Series)
– Nuclear Security Summit
5
Australian Fuel Cycle
• Uranium mines
– Ranger, Olympic Dam, Beverley
– Honeymoon, 4-mile
– Toro, Yeelerrie, many more…
• OPAL Research Reactor
– Production of Radiopharmaceuticals
– Neutron beam research
• SYNROC waste-forms
– Developed by ANSTO
• Research Enrichment
– SILEX technology now sold to GLE-Hitachi
– No further activities involving nuclear material
• R&D, Universities and Radiographers
– radiography cameras
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Countries for which Australian Uranium is supplied
Country
%Total
USA
45.3
Japan
23.6
France
10.5
ROK
4.0
Sweden
3.5
China
3.2
Canada
2.7
Taiwan
2.5
UK
1.8
Spain
1.1
Finland
1.0
Germany
0.8
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Nuclear Non-Proliferation (Safeguards) Act 1987
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•
•
•
Australia’s obligations under Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
Safeguards Agreement and Additional Protocol with the IAEA
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM)
Bilateral nuclear cooperation and transfer agreements
8
Australian Export Policy
• Derived from Fox Report of 1977
–
–
Bi-partisan support
Uranium to be exported to countries only under
bilateral safeguards arrangements
• Supply only to NPT countries that have an Additional
Protocol In Force
• Australia does not have equivalent act (section 123) to
USA Atomic Energy Act specifying minimum requirements
for nuclear cooperation agreement
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Australian Export Policy
• Australia’s basic policy requirements, set out through the
bilateral safeguards agreements, are that:
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–
–
–
–
IAEA safeguards to apply or fallback safeguards should NPT or
IAEA safeguards cease;
AONM is used only for peaceful purposes and in no way
enhances or contributes to any military purpose;
Prior consent for retransfers, reprocessing, and
enrichment to 20% or more;
AONM is properly accounted for as it moves through the
nuclear fuel cycle. Procedures set out in administrative
arrangements;
Adequate levels physical protection applied to AONM
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Network of Australia’s
Bilateral Safeguards Agreements
Country
Entry into Force
Country
Entry into Force
Republic of Korea
02/05/1979 Switzerland
27/07/1988
United Kingdom
24/07/1979 Egypt
02/06/1989
Finland
09/02/1980 Russia
24/12/1990
United States
16/01/1981 Mexico
17/07/1992
Canada
09/031981 New Zealand
01/05/2000
Sweden
22/05/1981 United States (Silex)
France
12/09/1981 Czech Republic
Euratom
15/01/1982
Philippines
11/05/1982 Hungary
15/06/2002
Japan
17/08/1982 Argentina
12/01/2005
United States
(covering Taiwan)
People’s Republic of China
24/05/2000
17/052002
17/05/2002
03/02/2007
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Tracking Obligated Nuclear Material
Nuclear Cooperation
Agreements
Administrative
Arrangements
Notifications/Reports
Reconciliation
Report to Parliament
and counterparts
• Peaceful uses
• Consents
• Requirement to establish Administrative Arrangements
• Equivalence/Proportionality
• Notifications and Reports
• Retransfers
• Annual Inventory Reports
• Visits to counterparts
• Transit matching
• Audit of notifications and reports
• Totals of AONM worldwide
• Transfers of AONM between jurisdictions
• AONM adequately accounted for
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NUMBAT (Nuclear Material Balances and Tracking)
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NUMBAT
Nuclear MAterial Balances And Tracking
NUMBAT v1: GW Basic
NUMBAT v2: Foxpro
NUMBAT v3: MS Access (now 2007)
NUMBAT Includes:
• Register of permit holders and inspection reports
• IAEA accounting (ICR, PIL etc)
• Tracking AONM (not FONM)
• Access by ASNO staff only. No access by industry.
• Funding to migrate database to .NET front-end and SQL back-end.
• Hope to have on-line access for uranium mines to submit export data.
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NUMBAT
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NMMSS and other Reports received by Australia
Monthly
Spreadsheet of transfers (aka “Monthly diskettes”)
• Imports/Exports of AONM into/out of USA
• Direct Import/Exports + retransfers
• Supplied from NNSA to ASNO
• Approx 500 lines of data per month
• Received 3-9 months after month-end
• Import into custom database before importing into Numbat
• Export data basis for on-notifications to counterparts
(eg EURATOM, Japan, ROK)
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NMMSS and other Reports received by Australia (2)
Ad hoc:
• Exports to Japan and ROK
(scanned Form 741s)
– Special requirement since
Japan requires strict prior
notice of retransfers
– Hard to read
– Lots of manual entry
– Really nice to receive in
spreadsheet form
• End-user confirmations
(NNSA, DOS)
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NMMSS and other reports received by Australia (3)
Annual - Inventory Balance of AONM in USA
LEU (g)
Beginning
Inventory
Direct Imports
Indirect Imports
International
Obligation
Exchanges
Category Changes
HEU (g)
NU (kg)
DU (kg)
U-233 (g)
TH (kg)
Element
Isotope
Element
Isotope
Element
Element
Element
Isotope
Element
2,943,871,301
57,114,674
33,613
22,667
25,220,285
6,299,837
44,923,353
0
0
0
0
2,111,847
234,612,223
10,579,374
368,893
100,006
192,137,273
8,417,342
1,741,977
Nuclear Production/
On-site Increases
Increases Subtotal
PU (g)
426,749,496
18,996,716
96,965,868
4,279,831
2,880,569
1,956
64,426
2,880,569
2,582,702
1,806,403
Direct Exports
Retransfers
International
Obligation
Exchanges
Category Changes
1,888,473
1,941,926
Nuclear Loss/
On-site Decreases/
71,835,869
10,678,156
279,839
Decreases Subtotal
168,801,737
14,957,987
Ending Inventory
3,201,819,060
61,153,403
33,613
22,667
423,679
3,151
279,839
4,254,078
3,151
27,821,015
4,628,461
46,726,605
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Facility/Agency Interaction – (A)
Natural
UF6
URENCO
Honeywell
Form 741
NMMSS
NNSA
Monthly
spreadsheet
+Form 741s
EURATOM
YC
Notif
Retransfer
AUUSEUxx
ITC Receipt
NUMBAT
Natural
UOC
ASNO
UOC Export
Form 110
Uranium
mine
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Facility/Agency Interaction (B)
Natural
UF6
URENCO
Honeywell
Form 741
NMMSS
NNSA
Monthly
spreadsheet
+Form 741s
EURATOM
YC
Notif
Retransfer
AUUSEUxx
ITC Receipt
NUMBAT
Natural
UOC
ASNO
UOC Export
Form 110
Uranium
mine
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Common AONM transfers
between USA and other countries
Converters
Direct
Import
ASD
ASL
ASP
YSP
Fuel Fabrication
Reactor
YSP
Indirect
Import
Retransfers
Enrichment
UDL
NED
GSC
FAA
Storage
ASA DZA
DAY
BYC
UDL/UEH
NAY/NED
GSC
FAA/FBQ
WAE
BYC
SYC
Japan
ROK
YSP
YLJ
YUD
YLM
YLJ
YUD
Japan
ROK
EU
YXX Jap
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Reporting under Safeguards Act
Section 51 – Nuclear Non-Proliferation (Safeguards) Act 1987
(1) The Director shall, as soon as practicable after 30 June in each year, prepare and
furnish to the Minister [Table in Parliament] a report in relation to the operations of
the Director during that year.
(2) A report shall include the following information in respect of the period to which
the report relates:
(a) for all nuclear material and associated items of Australian origin transferred from
Australia to any foreign jurisdiction or between foreign jurisdictions:
(i) the total quantities in each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle; and
(ii) the intended end-use;
of the nuclear material and the items transferred to each jurisdiction;
(b) the quantities, categories and intended end-use of all nuclear material and
associated items within Australia; and
(c) any unreconciled differences in quantities of:
(i) nuclear material of Australian origin, wherever situated; or
(ii) nuclear material within Australia, regardless of origin; and an explanation of
those differences.
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Conclusions are derived from…..
• Reports from each bilateral partner
• Shipping and transfer documentation (Transit matching)
• Calculations of nuclear production and consumption
• Examination of shipper/receiver differences
• Knowledge of fuel cycle in each country
• Regular reconciliation and bilateral visits
• Liaison with counterpart organisations and industry
• IAEA conclusions on each country
Report to parliament
 AONM is “satisfactorily account for”
 Summary report of AONM inventories and transfers
 Note any issues with information/reports
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Worldwide total of AONM at 31 Dec 2008
Category
Location
Depleted Uranium
European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, United States
93 618
Natural Uranium
Canada, European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, United States
21 979
Uranium in Enrichment
Plants
European Union, Japan, United States
19 976
Low Enriched Uranium
Canada, European Union, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Switzerland,
United States
12 872
Irradiated Plutonium
Canada, European Union, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Switzerland,
United States
120
Separated Plutonium
European Union, Japan
1.4
TOTAL
Tonnes
148 566
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Transfers of AONM between jurisdictions in 2008
Fuel cycle Stage
To Conversion
To Enrichment
To Fuel Fabrication
To Reactors
Destination
U
(tonnes)
Canada
877
China
266
European Union
2 702
United States
4 754
European Union
1 944
United States
522
Japan
117
Republic of Korea
116
United States
319
European Union
12
United States
0.2
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NMMSS – the good
• Only system reporting providing transfers reports
electronically
– All other transfers reports from other countries received as
hard-copy
• System of RIS codes
– Codes remain despite company name changes
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Issues
•Transit Matching
– Different batch numbers
•Heels
– Inconsistent declarations between EU and YSP,YLM,YUD,YLJ
•Balances in enrichment plants
– Product, Feed, Tails throughput and plant inventory need to balance
•Reporting Formats
– 4 different report formats from NMMSS since 2002
• Varying requirements from NCAs
– e.g. Japan requires strict prior notice (scanned Form 741s)
•Delays in reporting
– USA monthly spreadsheets and Canada Form 59s
– Receive notification of receipt before notification of dispatch
•Uranium extracted from mineral ores and concentrates
– How to track?
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Looking ahead
•Global Laser Enrichment
– Australia/US obligated technology
– Australia/US SILEX agreement specifies uranium used in plant
using SILEX technology is subject to Australia/US 123 agreement
 obligation by contamination
– AONM will increase faster than supply of new Australian UOC
•New players in international fuel cycle
– China, Russia, India, UAE, Africa, SE Asia….more?
– More obligations to track
– International Fuel Centres, Fuel Banks
•Universalising obligation accounting
– Outreach to new players
– “Quad” group (USA, Canada, Euratom, Australia)
– Standard reporting formats?
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Thank-you
Questions?
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AONM Trivia
 No AONM has been enriched beyond 5%
 >85% of AO Enriched Uranium is Spent Fuel
 60% of AONM is DU
 USA holds 55% of AONM worldwide
UOC Exports between June ’08 - June ’09
Australian exports as % world uranium
requirements
No. of 1000 MWe rectors powered by these
exports
10,114 tonnes
~13%
% of total Australian electricity production
125%
~49
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