Transcript Exercise Telecenter to Bridge – the Digital Divide

Exercise Telecenter to Bridge
the Digital Divide –
from the ICT Point of View
Dr. Han-Chieh Chao
Professor & Chair, Dept. of EE
National Dong Hwa University
E-mail: [email protected]
Past Trend…
H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao and David Lin “An Alternative Method for
Connection
Between
TANet,”
TANet’95
Proceedings,
Chungli﹐Taiwan﹐F18-F25, Oct. 23-24
1.

A way to provide NAT through Modem Dialup
C. Y. Lin, H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao, Su Chang, and Michelle T. Kao,
"An Authentication Method for Securing the Consistency between
Remote Access Servers and E-mail Servers Accounts," 1997
International Conference on Computer Systems Technology for
Industrial Applications -- Internet and Multimedia (CSIA’97),
Hsinchu, Taiwan, pp. 234-238, April 23-25, 1997.
2.

Radius Appliations
Han C. Chao, Wei-Ming Chen, H. B. Chen and Michelle Kao,
“The Economical Multi-link Internet (Intranet) Access Solutions
for Medium-Small Business, Rural Educational Institutes and
Native Taiwanese Communities in Taiwan” Proceedings of the
14th International Conference on Advanced Science and
Technology (ICAST’98), Chicago, USA, pp. 273-280, April 3-5,
1998.
3.

NT based Modem “Trunk Mode”
Deployment Example
NDHU
1998
Technical Diagram(I)
cc.ndhu.edu.tw
Workstation
Ethernet
Terminal Server
Modem
Terminal Server
... ...
.... ....
.......
......
Modem Modem
16 lines
Terminal Server
.... .....
.........
Modem
16 lines
Modem
Workstation
cc5.ndhu.edu.tw
Modem
Workstation
w s1-sun.ndhu.edu.tw
16 lines
RADIUS
Server
PSTN
IBM Compatible
Data
Modem
Terminal server
Remote User
Public Sw itched
Telehone Netw ork
Livingston
PortMaster
Communication
Server
Data
ACE/
Server
Workstation
Technical Diagram(II)
LAN Address: 203.64.94
LAN
LAN Address: 203.64.97
Ethernet
IP: 203.64.94.254
IP: 203.64.97.254
Internet
LAN
Router IP: 203.64.88.254
Remote
Access
Server
LAN Address: 203.64.88
LAN
LAN IP: 203.64.88.200
Modem/ISDN
NT Server
with RAS
or
Any
Terminal
Server
RAS IP: 203.64.88.141
Modem/ISDN
PSTN/ISDN
RAS IP: 203.64.88.140
NT Server
with RAS
LAN IP: 203.64.99.254
LAN
LAN Address: 203.64.99
Local LAN
IP: 203.64.99.100
IP: 203.64.99.102
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
Technical Diagram(II)
LAN Address: 203.64.94
LAN
LAN Address: 203.64.97
IP: 203.64.94.254
IP: 203.64.97.254
Ethernet
Internet
LAN
Router IP: 203.64.88.254
Remote
Access
Server
LAN Address: 203.64.88
LAN
LAN IP: 203.64.88.200
Modem/ISDN
NT Server
with RAS
or
Any
Terminal
Server
RAS IP: 203.64.88.141
Modem/ISDN
PSTN/ISDN
RAS IP: 203.64.88.140
NT Server
with RAS
LAN IP: 203.64.99.254
LAN
LAN Address: 203.64.99
Local LAN
IP: 203.64.99.100
IP: 203.64.99.102
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
Technical Diagram(III)
LAN
Internet
LAN
Router
NT Server with RAS
MultiLink
LAN
MultiLink
PSTN/ISDN
NT Server
with RAS
Local LAN
Photos of Activities (I)
Photos of Activities (II)
Photos of Activities (III)
Photos of Activities (IV)
Photos of Activities (V)
KIOSK
Digital Remote Scope
Digital Remore Area
GSN
Public
Library
Network
Broadband Telecom Exchange Station
Remote KIOSK
Telecom Exchange Stations in
Hualien
Current TANet Status
2002
TANet Backbone (Current)
苗栗縣
新竹縣
國網南科
新竹市
連江縣
金門縣
July 07, 2003
桃園縣
台北縣
基隆市
宜蘭縣
台中市
台中縣
竹苗區網
新竹區網
國網中心
桃園區網
台北區網
台北區網
台北市
彰化縣
中部區網
南投縣
Internet
Gigabit Ethernet
Backbone
教育部
教育部
雲林縣
雲嘉區網
嘉義市
中研院
台南區網
高屏澎區網
東部區網
花蓮區網
台東區網
嘉義縣
台南市
台南縣
高雄市
高雄縣
屏東縣
澎湖縣
花蓮縣
台東縣
Gigabit Ethernet * 6
Gigabit Ethernet * 4
Gigabit Ethernet * 2
TANet International Backbone
Update: June 24, 2003
180Mbps Transit to Internet
TANet
STM-1 * 2
MOE
MOE
STM-1
Router
STM-1
Router
STM-1
ASCC
STM-1
NCHC
Internet
DS3
FE
STM-1
ATM Switch
ATM Switch
Router
FE
NCHC
ASCC
STM-1
Router
GigaE
DS3
STM-4
STM-1
Submarine Cable
Local Loop
In-house wiring
IP Port
HARNET - The Hong Kong
Academic and Research NETwork
STM-1
TWAREN Project (December 2003)
Future Trend…


Higher Speed
Fixed -> Portable


Client Server System


Return to peer-to-peer, but different scale
Monopoly


Mobility and Plug-and-Play
Layer1/2 -> Layer3(IP) -> Service
Aggregation
Firewall Operation


End-to-end Security
Collaborating with network
High Speed Network Trend
Next Generation Fiber

Target bit rate x distance (20 Pbs x km)



Bit rates



Short Fat 20 Tbs x 1000 km
Long Thin 7 Tbs x 3000 km or longer
40 Gbs, 80 Gbs,
160 Gbs, 320 Gbs
160 to 240 Wavelengths
Current bit rate x distance
(5 Pbs x km)
TeraLight Ultra Fiber
Ultra Long Reach Transmission


Extend Transmission Reach
from 500 km to > 4000 km
New Modulation Format
(1Bit/Hz)




> 3dB Improvement in Signal to
Noise
Better Handle Current Fiber
Impairments
Increase Capacity ex. 40Gbps
X 80 = 3.2 Tbps
40Gb/s and beyond
OCCS (Optical Cross Connect System )
Switching
ADM
IP
BDCS
Optical Line Terminal
Lightpath
provisioning
Optical add/drop
Ring
support
The Wireless World
802.21 Inter-Network Handoffs
WWAN
Wireless
Wide-Area
Networks
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
4G
802.20
“Mobile-Fi”
WMAN
(Two most
popular current
applications)
Wireless
MetropolitanArea
Networks
WLAN
Wireless
Local-Area
Networks
802.
15. 802.
4
15.1
Zig- Bluebee tooth
WPAN
Wireless
PersonalArea
Networks
10 kbps
100 kbps
Legacy
1 Mbps
Current
IEEE 802.16a
“WiMAX” (fixed),
802.16e (mobile)
IEEE 802.11
b, a, g “Wi-Fi”
IEEE
802.11n
IEEE
802.15.3
a UWB
“WiMedia”
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
Emerging
Future
Wireless PAN

Personal Area Network
 IEEE 802.15, Bluetooth,
1Mbits/sec
 IEEE 802.15.3, Ultra
Wideband, 1 Gbits/sec
( Picture:
Compaq / 3Com )
Capacity
Spatial capacity comparison between IEEE 802.11,
Bluetooth, and UWB
(Source: intel)
Wireless LAN

Local Area Network

802.11a


802.11b


5 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM
2.4 GHz band, 11 Mbits/sec, DSSS
802.11g

2.4 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM/DSSS
( Picture: D-Link /
3Com )
Data rate & Distance
(Source: Network Magazine)
Wireless MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

IEEE 802.16






802.16.1 (10-66 GHz, line-of-sight, up to
134Mbit/s)
802.16.2 (minimizing interference between
coexisting WMANs.)
802.16a (2-11 Ghz, Mesh, non-line-of-sigth)
802.16b (5-6 Ghz)
802.16c (detailed system profiles)
802.16e (Mobile Wireless MAN)
Wireless WAN

Wide Area Network

3G, 2Mbits above

UMTS/CDMA…
TECHNOLOGY
WCDMA
3G
CDMA
- 2000
TD SCDMA
Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
Based on the Interim
Standard-95 CDMA
standard
FEATURES
- Super voice quality
- Up to 2M bit/sec. Alwayson data
- Broadband data services
like video and multimedia
- Enhanced roaming
Time-division synchronous
code-division multipleaccess
(Source: 3gnewsroom)
( Picture: Samsung / Siemens / Alcatel )
4G
Enhanced multimedia, smooth streaming video, universal
access, & portability across all types of devices
Comparison of 3G and 4G
3G
Back compatible to 2G
4G
Extend 3G capacity by one order of
magnitude
Circuit & Packet switched networks Entirely packet switched networks
Combination of existing & evolved
All network elements are digital
equipment
Data rate up to 2Mbps
(Source: ece.gatech.edu)
Higher bandwidth up to 100Mbps
An effective response to
heterogeneous future needs
Services Services Services

Packet transfer

Separated network intelligence

Open interfaces
Profile
Mediation
Call control
All IP Network
NB Radio
BB
Radio
BB wireline
Packet transfer
IP Is the New Public UNI
(Network Connection)

Public IP Networks Require
 Routing functions on the edge


Consistent interface to subscriber applications
Application-Aware Dynamic Service Delivery

End-End Across The Network


Public IP Networks Must Provide
 Application-aware priority for IP flows
 Application specific behavior for different IP Flows

Deliver bandwidth, and access privileges as required


Per application
Dynamic signaling to support application requirements

Deliver services where and when they are needed


Network Changes Behavior As Necessary
By requesting them from smart network elements
Public IP Networks Cannot Use a Hop-by-Hop Internet Architecture
 Routers alone won’t support what needs to be done
IP Services Vision
Service Intelligent
Benefit: Provides a network platform for
infrastructure from edge service delivery tailored to the needs to
to core to edge
the subscriber/application
+
Intelligent dynamic
signaling in and
between the network
layers
Benefit: Provides a rich framework for
deploying service intelligence between the
layers of the network
+
Scalable, end-to-end
network management
from single console
Benefit: Allows for efficient network
operations and leverage of network
investment
+
Full lifecycle
professional services
from planning to
operations
Benefit: Allows for service
providers to outsource to save
engineering/operations costs
=
Profitable, Value-added services
Source: Lucent Technologies
IPv6 will dominate
IPv4
limited size and structure of the current Internet address space
lack of end-to-end security
IPv6
QoS
huge address space
security (IPSec)
Trends make IPv6 success

Convergence - Next-Gen Networks
 Data, audio & video on one wire


Mobility – Massive increase in mobility
 Dynamic access from various locations



IPv6: Quality of Service
IPv6: Mobile IP.
IPv6: Quality of Service
Scalability & Reliability – Computing is mission critical
 Reliability



IPv6: Design of the protocol.
IPv6: Hierarchical addressing, Multiple Gateways
IPv6: Elimination of NAT.
Trends make IPv6 success

Security – Convergence to one Network
 Software is mission critical



Management – Auto-configuration, self managed.
 Improving IS productivity



IPv6: IPSec - Dynamically secure connections
IPv6: Multicast and anycast addresses
IPv6: Auto-detection and autoconfiguration
IPv6: IP Address Management
Utility/Grid computing
 Resources as and when you need.



IPv6: Many more addresses, autoconfiguration & management
IPv6: Better scalability, path MTU
IPv6: QOS
e-Taiwan Project (us$1 billion )
Knowledgebased
economy
e-Taiwan
Green
Island
Information
Society
Improved
Competitiveness
Efficient
Government
Smart
transportation
e-society
eCommerce
eGovernment
e-Transportation
Utilize technology
in smarter ways
e-infrastructure/Broadband to the home
Challenging 2008
6,000,000 Broadband users
Users Driven
Top Down
User/Host is stupid

Unaware of



Network structure
Protocols
Security
Interesting about






Everything connectivity
Ubiquitous/Mobility
Security
Always Online
Hi-Speed
Hi-Quality
Secure, mobile,
multi-service
networks
Convergence
Mobility
Enterprise A Policy
Personalized Services
Packet
Criteria
Action
Intranet
IPsec
ASP
FW/MPLS
WEB
FW
All Others
Deny
Class of
Service
VPN
Service
Sales
Automation
Secure
Internet
N/A
Billing
Class
$$$
$$
$
N/A
Intranet
Application Aware
Traffic
Treatment
LDAP Policy
Server
ASP
AAA
Server
Enterprise A
ISP #1
Application
Stream
Access
Device
Core Network
Service Intelligent
Element
Tunnel C
ISP #2
New Applications






Grid computing
Data mining
Data visualization
Virtual reality
Remote cooperation
VoIP/VVoIP
Application-Driven


Database access
 Large-scale simulations produce tens of terabytes per day
 Earth-orbiting satellites will transmit petabytes of data
 Matching algorithms for genome databases
 Image and pattern databases
Audio and video
 Different qualities of audio and video require very different
bandwidths




Compressed speech uses less than one KB/second
Uncompressed CD-quality music uses around 200 KB/second
Highly compressed, small-screen video can be transmitted at two
KB/second
High-definition television requires several MB/second
Application-Driven

Real-time collaboration






Groups want to interact across time and space
 Virtual enterprises
 Desktop videoconferencing
 Distance-independent learning
Control and synchronization of audio and video streams
Shared access to information
Managed interactions
Maintenance of history and audit trails
Support of distributed protocols to provide consistency
Application-Driven

Distributed computing
 Now


Future


Tight interconnection of processing elements on a backplane of a
single high-performance computer or in a physically connected
cluster
Geographically separated elements
Tele-Immersion
 Users in a different locations will collaborate in a shared, virtual
or simulated environment as if they are in the same room
 Must combine audio, video, virtual worlds, and simulations
 Requires huge bandwidth, very fast responses, and guarantees
of delivery
Application-Driven

Scenarios





Remote instrument control
Distributed simulation
Environmental crises management
Public information access
Collaborative R&D
Application-Driven
IETF
Internet
.
Internet Evolution
IPTEL - IP Telephony (TRIP, CPL, ...)
ITU-T
Telephony
Telecommunication Standardisation
.
SIP - Call Setup Signalling
SG 4 - Network Management,
QoS, Billing, Security, ..
MEGACO - Media Gateway Control
SG 2 - E.164 Numbering Plan
SPIRIT - IP Service access from IN
SG 11 - Signalling and Protocols,
Mobility,
SS7, INAP, Q.* (Q.BICC)
Integrated Video and Voice
PINT - PSTN and Internet Interworking
over IP SG
Service
12 - End2End Transmission Performance
SIGTRAN - PSTN Signalling over IP
ENUM - E.164 Number mapping
MMUSIC - Internet Conferencing
AVT - Audio/Video Transport (RTP)
DIFFSERV, INTSERV, RSVP - QoS
SIP-H323 BoF
Q 18&23: QoS Voice over IP
SG 16 - packet based Multimedia Services,
H.* (H.323, H.450, H.248),
Mobility, G.* (G.7xx), T.* ...
Middle Layer Improvement
Multimedia
Mobile
best-effort
IP
Various IP-Classes
Current
Network
Next Generation
Network
- various QoS
- mobility
- best-effort
 guaranteed
 controlled
- Guaranteeing/ Maintaining /
Provisioning QoS
Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /
Maintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-Class
QoS

Intserv/Diffserv integrated network


QoS refers to delay (latency), jitter (variance),
and availability
Need for reliable and timely delivery of control
signals, telemetry, and human-oriented data
streams (audio, video, tactile)
IP Mobility





Hierarchical MobileIPv6
AAA interactions
Fast/Smooth/Seamless Handoffs
Header Compression
Enable MobileIPv6 to act as mobility
technology within and between cellular
networks – All-IP Cellular Networks
Technology Evolution from
Circuits to Packets
Nokia
GPRS and WLAN Card


SONY

Nokia D311/D211
Multimode PC card
(GPRS, GSM, WLAN)
GPRS high speed data
connectivity (up to 40.2
Kbit/s)
WLAN data connectivity
where available (up to
11Mbit/s)
Nokia launches new
Communicator mobile phone





Tri-band GSM
E-GPRS (EDGE)
Wi-Fi 802.11b
Symbian OS 7.0
JAVA MIDP2.0
Nokia 9500
Pic. from www.cellular-news.com
Hitachi G1000 with SD wifi





Pocket PC 2002 Phone
Edition
CDMA
SD/MMC Expansion Slot
(Upgradeable to SDIO)
2.5 hours talk time
7 days of stand-by time.
CDMA / WLAN Solution
http://www.sprint.com/pcsbusiness/devices/pda/hitachig1000.html
NTT DoCoMo, NEC plan dual
3G/WLAN handset



•
•
•
W-CDMA / IEEE802.11b
User will be able to use VOIP when in range of a
WLAN access point. Once out of range, it will use
the standard 3G network.
No indication has been made yet whether the
handset will be able to seamless transfer voice calls
between WLAN and 3G.
http://www.mobileburn.com/news.jsp?Id=559
http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/12/03/HN3gwlanhandset_1.html
http://www.computerweekly.com/Article126993.htm
Cybersecurity
Risks are high, even before adding wireless,
converged, or network-enabled components
Cybersecurity
The Service of Security
Each element can affect your
overall security posture & risk level
Other Technologies

Multicasting


Adaptive resource management


Application-to-application multicast rather than
host-to-host
Internet Traffic Engineering
Virtual networking

Construction of multiple networks on a common
infrastructure, allowing organizations to easily set
up private networking domains governed by
organization-specific policies
Conclusion
Future uses: quantitative
aspects
Bit/s
$ Billions*
Data
Voice
1000
Time
* according to Datamonitor
2000
2007
Mobile Mesh Network
Network Migration
Today
Next Generation
Management
OSS, BSS, NMS, EMS
Integrated Service
Management
Protocols
TDM, IP, ATM, FR…
Devices
MUX, Routers, DCS…
• Costly
• Complex
• Difficult to Manage
Convergence
All IP
Consolidation
Multi-Service
• Cost Efficient
• Integrated
• Simple Management
Next Generation Network
Drivers



Technology innovation
 Establishing a competitive advantage
 Increasing productivity and revenue opportunities
Operational efficiency
 Improving overall network infrastructure performance and
scalability
 Improving manageability by standardizing on network
infrastructure and operating systems
 Reducing long-term operating expenses
 Improve overall IT infrastructure resiliency
 Simplify network administration, management and control
User Requirement and Applications
How to help to mitigate the
Digital Divide?

Government Determination & Capital Investment
 Bitnet (later 80th)
 ADSL (middle of 90th)
 Dual Mode Handset (Early 20th)
Chose the Right ICT

Applications based on ICT

If it's green, it's biology, If it stinks, it's chemistry,
If it has numbers it's math,
If it doesn't work, it's technology
Thank you!
Comments?