Transcript Document 7208299

• A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers
to consumers using two-way digital
technology to control appliances at
consumers' homes to save energy, reduce
cost and increase reliability and transparency.
• Self healing
• Empower and incorporate the consumer
• Tolerant of attack
• Provides power quality needed by 21st century
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consumers
Accommodates a wide variety of generation
options (like green energy)
Fully enables maturing electricity markets
 VARIABLE TARIFF-BASED LOAD
 ENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK
 REAL-TIME PORTFOLIO IMBALANCE REDUCTION
 OFFERING RESERVE CAPACITY TO THE TSO
 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTION
MANAGEMENT
 DISTRIBUTION GRID CELL ISLANDING IN CASE OF
HIGHER- SYSTEM INSTABILITY
 BLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSES
 INTEGRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES
• Independent processors in each component at each sub•
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station and power plant
Sensors are connected to all other components in the
system
Own state and of all other components are known and
communicated
•On addition of new devices to the system device
parameters are automatically updated
•The new component also has a built-in processor
TYPICAL BLACK-OUT SEQUENCE
• a sudden outage of major lines occurs
• further outage due to overload leaves the system
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imbalanced
frequency declines with large generation load imbalance
generation is taken off-line
island blacks out
long time taken to restore power
• emergency imposed on the system
• frequency & load/generation imbalance is determined
and total outage is prevented
Distribution system needs many changes to come in sync
with requirements for the implementation of smart grid
DESIRED OPTIMISATIONS
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DEMAND OPTIMISATION
DELIVERY OPTIMIZATION
ASSET OPTIMIZATION
RENEWABLES OPTIMIZATION
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Refers to monitoring, control & communication
functions
Important aspects of DA are in areas of protection and
switching
Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected network of
feeders
FEATURES OF DA
 Can detect fault current and voltages
 Can help in self-healing of the grid
 Can communicate with one another
PROCESS OF DA
 DATA COLLECTION
 DATA VALIDATION
 ESTABLISH WEATHER SENSITIVITY
 DATA CATEGORIZATION
 CALIBRATION
• Residential, Small Office & commercial building sector
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responsible for over 50% of total electricity
consumption
Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated as
an interconnected network instead of single units
Able to communicate, interact & negotiate with both
customers & energy devices in local grid
Grid operated more efficiently as consumption is
better predicted
FEATURES OF SMART HOME
MICROGENERATION
SMART METERS
LOCAL STORAGE UNITS
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A communication technique to automatically collect
the meter readings & other relevant data from
meters
AMR has benefits beyond meter reading
It provides crucial data on an insight into other
areas of operation
PROCESS OF AMR
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DATA RETRIVAL
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
• RF BASED COMMUNICATION
• TELEPHONE BASED COMMUNICATION
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SMARTER METER
SECURITY ISSUES
DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING
FUNCTION
FAULT LOCATION FUNCTION
SERVICE RESTORATION FUNCTION
SMARTER METER
THANK YOU