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FEDERAL AVIATION
REGULATIONS
SOURCE: ICAO
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION
ICAO
Chicago Convention, December 1944
Contracting States Established Standards
for ALL to Follow for International
Recognition
MINIMUM STANDARDS of SAFETY
ICAO STANDARDS
ICAO ANNEX 6
– Operation of Aircraft
ICAO ANNEX 8
– Airworthiness of Aircraft
ICAO Documents 9642-Continuing
Airworthiness Manual
– Doc. 9389-A/W Organization Procedures
REGULATIONS
A country may develop its own regulations
using the ICAO Annexes as a minimum
standard, or adopt another country’s.
– ICAO Annex 8 is the source for FAR 25,
Transport Category Aircraft Certification
Standard
UNITED STATES
Federal Aviation Act of 1958
– U.S. Aviation Law
Federal Aviation Regulations
– Applicable to:
•
•
•
•
Airmen
Aircraft
Air Carriers
Air Agencies
CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
CFR’s
– Entire Federal Government Laws of the United States
Arranged by Title
– Each Title Covers a Specific Area of Laws
•
•
•
•
•
Title 3 - The President
Title 7 – Agriculture
Title 14 – Aeronautics and Space
Title 15 – Commerce and Foreign Trade
Title 21 – Food and Drugs
CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
TITLE 14 AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
– CHAPTER I
– Federal Aviation Regulations, Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation
– VOLUME 1 THROUGH 3
– PARTS 1 – 199
SUB CHAPTERS
A- Definitions
– Part 1
B-Procedural Rules
– Parts 11-17
C- Aircraft
–
–
–
–
–
Parts 21-59
Certification Standards
Registration
Airworthiness Directives
Maintenance Rules
D- Airmen
– Parts 60-67
– Certification and Medical
Standards
E- Airspace
– Parts 71-77
F-Air Traffic
– Parts 91-105
G- Air Operators
– Parts 119-139
H- Schools & Agencies
– Parts 140-147
U.S. AIRMEN
Pilots – FAR Part 61
Flight Engineers – FAR Part 63
Mechanics - FAR Part 65
Flight Dispatchers – FAR Part 65
AIRCRAFT
United States Registered
– FAR Part 91
Foreign Registered Operated in the US
– FAR Part 91
AIR CARRIERS
United States Air Carriers
– FAR Part 121, 135
Foreign Air Carriers Operating in the US
– FAR Part 129
Foreign Air Carriers Using US Registered
Aircraft
– FAR Part 129.14
AIR AGENCIES
Repair Stations - FAR Part 145
– Domestic
– Foreign
Training Facilities – FAR Part 141
– Mechanic
– Pilot
MAINTENANCE RULES
FAR PART 43
– Basic Maintenance Rule For US Registered Aircraft
FAR PART 91
– Basic Operating Rule For US Registered Aircraft,
–
AND
– Foreign Registered Aircraft Operated in the US.
FAR Part 129
– Foreign Operators Operating into the US or Operating
US Registered Aircraft
FAR PART 43
ALL Aircraft Having a U.S. Airworthiness
Certificate;
Foreign-Registered Civil Aircraft Used in
Common Carriage in the United States
– Part 121 and Part 135
§43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING
Definition of Overhaul
disassembled,
cleaned, inspected,
repaired as
necessary, and
reassembled; and
tested
§43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING
Definition of Rebuilding
– disassembled, cleaned,
inspected, repaired as
necessary, reassembled,
and, using either new
parts or used parts that
either conform to new
part tolerances and limits
or to approved oversized
or undersized
dimensions
43.3 PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM
MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND
ALTERATIONS
Mechanic Certificate
Air Carrier Certificate
Repairman
Private Pilot-
Certificate
Supervised by
Mechanic or
Repairman
Repair Station
Certificate
Preventive
Maintenance on Own
Airplane
Pilot-RotorcraftRemote area-Part 135
Manufacturer
Part 43.5
Approval for return
to service service
after maintenance,
preventive
maintenance,
rebuilding, or
alteration.
Required records
entries must be made
– Log Book
– FAA Form 337
– Flight Manual
Part 43.7
Persons authorized to
approve aircraft,
airframes, aircraft
engines, propellers,
appliances, or
component parts for
return to service after
maintenance,
preventive
maintenance,
rebuilding, or
alteration.
Mechanic Certificate
or IA
Repair Station
Certificate
Manufacturer
Air Carrier
Private Pilot- Own
Airplane(preventive
maintenance only)
Part 43.9
Content, form, and disposition of
maintenance , preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, and alteration records
Required Information: Description of work,
date of completion, name of person
performing work,
Signature and certificate number if
satisfactory
Disposition of life-limited
aircraft parts. Part 43.10
Records must be kept
Parts must be
permanently marked
Control of Disposal
Part 43.11
Content, form, and
disposition of
records for
inspections
conducted under
parts 91 and 125
and §§135.411(a)(1)
and 135.419 of this
chapter.
Must list type of
inspection performed,
and list discrepancies
Maintenance Records:
Falsification, Fraudulent
Reproduction, or Alteration
BASIS FOR
SUSPENSION OR
REVOCATION OF
ANY AND ALL
CERTIFICATES
HELD
Performance Rules
Part 43.13
Manufacturer’s
Instructions
Acceptable to FAA
Accepted Industry
Practices
Special Test
Equipment
At least equal to
original or properly
altered condition
Additional performance rules for
inspections Part 43.15
Content of Inspections
IAW Inspection
Program
Annual & 100 Hour
Inspections
Airworthiness Limitations
.
Continuous
Airworthiness
Maintenance Program
Maintenance
Inspection Programs
for Part 121, 123 or
135 Operators
Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance, and Alterations by
Certain Canadian Persons.
Canadian Mechanic
Canadian Repair
Station
May RTS US
registered aircraft
located in Canada
Appendix A - Major Alterations,
Major Repairs
Preventive
Maintenance
– Definitions and
Examples
Appendix B
Recording of Major
Repairs and Major
Alterations
FAA Form 337 or Repair
Station Work Order
Appendix D
Annual and 100-
Scope and Detail
Hour Inspections
Annual
– All aircraft
100 Hour
– Flight Instruction
/For Hire
General Aviation
Aircraft
Appendix E
Altimeter System
Test and
Inspection
Ref FAR 91.411
Scope and detail of
Test
Appendix F
ATC Transponder
Tests and
Inspections
Ref FAR 91.413
Scope and Detail of
Test
FAR PART 91
GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT
RULES
– Sub Part A General
– Sub Part B Flight Rules
• Visual Flight Rules
• Instrument Rules
– Sub Part C Equipment, Instrument and
Certificate Requirements
– Sub Part D Special Flight Operations
FAR PART 91
Sub Part E Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance and Alterations
Sub Part F Large & Turbine Powered
Multi Engine Airplanes
Sub Part G Additional Equipment &
Operating Requirements
Sub Part H Foreign Aircraft Operations and
Foreign Operators
FAR PART 91
Sub Part I Operating Noise Limits
Sub Part J Waivers
Sub Part E
Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance & Alterations
Applicable to:
– US registered civil
aircraft
Maintenance
Requirements
ResponsibilityOwner/Operator
Airworthiness
Limitations
Compliance
Inspect and Repair
Maintenance Record
Entries
Inoperative Equipment
OPERATION AFTER MAINTENANCE,
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REBUILDING
OR ALTERATIONS
Approved for Return
To Service
Maintenance Record
Entry
Flight Tests
REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
Annual
AAIP
Issuance of
Progressive Inspection
Airworthiness
Certificate
100 Hour- flight
instruction/for hire
Continuous
Airworthiness
Maintenance Program
ALTIMETER/TRANSPONDER
Altimeter tests
ATC Transponder
Tests
Altitude Reporting
24 Months
Tests
24 Months
Procedures : FAR Part
43, Appendix E & F.
MAINTENANCE RECORDS
Records of Maintenance,
Preventive Maintenance,
Alterations
Records of 100 Hour, Annual,
Progressive and Other
Inspections
Records Must Include
– Description of work/Reference
to Data Used
– Date of Completion
– Signature.Certificate Number
of Person
Records Containing:
– Total Time In Service
– Current Status – Life Limited
Parts
– TSO
– Time Since Last Inspection
– Current Status Airworthiness
Directives
– Major Repair & Alteration
Forms
RECORDS RETENTION
Kept Until Work
Repeated or
Superseded or One
Year
Transferred with
Aircraft
EXTRA FUEL TANK:
Copy of FAA Form
337
KEPT IN AIRPLANE
FAR PART 145
Repair Stations
– Revised, effective 6 April, 2003
– Effective Date extended to October 3, 2003.
Application (ALL)
Repair Station Manual
Quality Control Manual
List of articles
Organization Chart
Description of Housing & Facilities
Contracted Maintenance Functions
Training Program
Foreign Repair Stations
Show the need for maintaining US
registered aircraft or products
Payment of Fees
– $80.00 per inspector hour +
– travel & subsistence
DURATION
DOMESTIC
– Until surrendered, suspended or revoked
FOREIGN
– End of 12th month after issuance
AMENDMENT or TRANSFER
Change of certificate is required if the repair
station changes location, requests to add or
amend rating, sells or transfers assets.
RATINGS
CLASS
– Representative
Sampling of All Items
in Class
LIMITED
– Items Listed on
Operations
Specifications or
Capability List
CLASS RATINGS
–
–
–
–
–
–
Airframe
Powerplant
Propeller
Radio
Instrument
Accessory
LIMITED RATINGS
– Particular Make &
Model of:
– Airframe
– Powerplant
– Propellers
– Instruments
– Radios
– Accessories
– Landing Gear
Components
– Floats
– Nondestructive testing
– Emergency Equipment
– Rotor Blades
– Fabric Work
– Specialized Services
Housing & Facilities
Adequate for Ratings
To properly perform maintenance
Sufficient work space
Environmentally sensitive or hazardous
work
Rack, hoists, cabinets, trays & stands
Housing & Facilities
Storage areas for parts
Ventilation, lighting, temperature and
humidity control
Suitable permanent housing for largest
aircraft
CHANGE OF LOCATION OR
FACILITIES
FAA Notification is required
FAA may make conditions or limitations
while change is in progress
Satellite Repair Stations
Same Rating as parent station
In same country as parent station
May share personnel & equipment,
EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS &
DATA
Adequate to perform maintenance under
Part 43- (recommended by manufacturer)
Test Equipment used to make airworthiness
determination calibrated
Documents & Data necessary
– AD’s, Mfg’s Instructions, Maintenance
Manuals, Overhaul Manuals, etc.
PERSONNEL
REQUIREMENTS
Accountable Manager
Qualified Personnel to Plan, Supervise,
Perform and Approve for Return to Service
Sufficient Number of Personnel
Determine Abilities of Non Certificated
Personnel
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
Sufficient number to direct and oversee
work
Certified by FAA (inside U.S.)
Certification (outside U.S.)
– 18 months experience
• Or
– Trained
Read, Write & Understand English
INSPECTION PERSONNEL
Familiar With:
Regulations,
Inspection Methods, Techniques, Equipment &
Tools
Proficient in Using Inspection Aids and Visual
Aids
Read, Write & Understand English
PERSONNEL FOR RETURN
TO SERVICE
Inside the U.S.- Certificated by FAA
Outside the U.S.– Trained in Techniques, or 18 Months Practical
Work Experience
– Familiar With Regulations & Proficient With
Methods, Practices, Tools & Equipment
Read, Write & Understand English
REPAIRMAN
Recommended by Repair Station
Requirements of FAR Part 65.101
PERSONNEL RECORDS
Roster of Supervisory
Summary of
& Management
Personnel
Roster of Inspection
Personnel
Personnel Authorized
Maintenance Release
Employment
–
–
–
–
Present Title
Total Years Experience
Past Employment
Scope of Present
Employment
– Certificates Held
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Training Program APPROVED by FAA
Due to FAA April 6, 2005
To assure each employee is capable and
qualified.
PRIVILEGES & LIMITATIONS
Perform Maintenance
Not Maintain if not
Contract to other
rated
Not RTS unless IAW
approved data
Approve for RTS
AIR CARRIER
Must follow maintenance program
REPAIR STATION MANUAL
Organizational Chart
– Management Positions
– Area of Responsibility
– Duties &
Responsibilities
Only the positions with
the authority to act on
behalf of the repair
station need to be in
the chart.
NOMAD AVIATION
Organizational Chart
DIRECTOR
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER
OPERATIONS MANAGER
CHIEF INSPECTOR
ENGINEERING
MANUAL CONTENTS
Procedures to
Maintain & Revise
Management Rosters
Description of
Operation, Facilities,
Equipment &
Materials
Procedures for
– Revising Capability
List
– Self Evaluation
– Revising Training
Program
– Work at another
location
– Work for Air Carrier
MANUAL CONTENTS
Procedures for:
– Maintaining &
Revising Contractor
Lists
– Records Keeping
System
– Revising Manual
– Control System of
Manual
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
Prepare & Keep
Current QC Manual
Follow QC Manual
A SYSTEM :
To ensure to
airworthiness of
articles the repair
station
OR
any of its contractors
performs maintenance
on
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
Procedures for:
– Incoming Raw
Materials
– Preliminary Inspection
– Hidden Damage
Inspection
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
Procedures to:
– Establish & Maintain
Proficiency of
Inspection Personnel
– Establish & Maintain
Current Technical Data
– Qualifying &
Surveilling Non
Certificated Persons
– Final Inspection &
Return to Service
– Calibrating Measuring
& Test Equipment
– Corrective Actions on
Deficiencies
– References to
Manufacturer’s
Inspection &
Maintenance Standards
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
Procedures
– Sample of Inspection
& Maintenance Forms
– Revise & Control
Quality Manual
– Notification to FAA of
Revisions
INSPECTION of
MAINTENANCE
Repair Station must
Inspect each article
Must Certify on
Release to Service
– Article is Airworthy
CAPABILITY LIST
Articles listed on
Capability List or
Operations
Specifications
Identify each Article
by Make & Model
Within Scope &
Rating of Repair
Station
List Managed by
Repair Station
Self Evaluation
Notify FAA of
revisions.
CONTRACT MAINTENANCE
Other Certificate
Holder
– FAA Approves
function
– Maintain list of
functions
– Name of each
Contractor
Non Certificated
– Quality System
– Repair Station is
Directly in Charge
– Repair Station
Tests/Inspects
– May Not Contract
Entire Type
Certificated Product
RECORD KEEPING
Far Part 43 Compliance
Format Acceptable to FAA
Provide Copy of Completed Work Order to
Customer
Keep All Records Minimum Two Years
Make Records Available to FAA / NTSB
REQUIRED REPORTS
Failure, Malfunction
or Defect
– Aircraft Registration
Number
– T/M/M Article
– Date of Discovery
– Nature of Defect
– Apparent Cause
May Report for Part
121, 135 or 125
Certificate Holder
No Duplicate Reports
FAA INSPECTIONS
Must Allow FAA to
Inspect at Any Time
Contractors Must
Allow FAA to Inspect
at Any Time
CERTIFICATION FAR’s
FAR Part 21: Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
FAR Part 23: Airworthiness Standards-Normal, Utility,
Acrobatic & Commuter
FAR Part 25: Transport Category
FAR Part 27: Normal Category Rotorcraft
FAR Part 29: Transport Category Rotorcraft
FAR Part 31: Manned Free Balloons
FAR Part 33: Aircraft Engines
CERTIFICATION FAR’S
Far Part 35: Propellers
FAR Part 36: Noise Standards
FAR Part 39: Airworthiness Directives
FAR Part 45: Identification & Registration Marking
FAR Part 47: Aircraft Registration
FAR PART 129
Foreign Air Carriers and Foreign Operators
of United States Registered Aircraft
Operating in Common Carriage
FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS
Must have :
Department of Transportation Authority
– (business license)
Operations Specifications from FAA
– (safety authority)
FOREIGN OPERATORS
United States Registered Aircraft
FAA Approved Maintenance Program
FAA Approved Minimum Equipment List
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Flight Crew-
Certificates Must
Match Aircraft
Registration
TCAS
Air Traffic Rules
Digital Flight Data
Recorders
Dispatch Control
Airplane Security
X-Ray Systems
Flight Deck Security
No Smoking
Special Maintenance
Program
Requirements
Aging Airplane
Inspections And
Records Reviews
THE END