Transcript (II) 惠州学院外语系 汤富华教授

英国文学史和选读课件(II)
惠州学院外语系
汤富华教授
William Wordsworth
romantic poetry
William Wordsworth
principal poem：
We are seven
Lines Written in Early Spring
To the cuckoo
I Wondered lonely as a cloud
The Solitary Reaper
Intimations or Immortality
The Prelude
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
----William Wordsworth
1
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
3
The waves beside them danced; but they
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company;
I gazed – and gazed – but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
2
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in the never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay;
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
4
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dance with the daffodils.
Photo by kevin Tang
再别康桥
徐志摩
轻轻的我走了，
正如我轻轻的来；
我轻轻的招手，
作别西天的云彩。
那河畔的金柳
是夕阳中的新娘
波光里的艳影，
在我的心头荡漾。
软泥上的青荇，
油油的在水底招摇；
在康河的柔波里，
我甘心做一条水草
那树荫下的一潭，
不是清泉，是天上虹
揉碎在浮藻间，
沉淀着彩虹似的梦。
寻梦？撑一支长篙，
向青草更青处漫溯，
满载一船星辉，
在星辉斑斓里放歌
但我不能放歌，
悄悄是别离的笙箫；
夏虫也为我沉默，
沉默是今晚的康桥！
悄悄的我走了，
正如我悄悄的来；
我挥一挥衣袖，
不带走一片云彩。
Photo by kevin Tang
徐志摩是20世纪初中国杰出的诗人、散文家,是
一个值得敬佩和怀念的名字。他不仅在五四新文学
史上是“新月社”的巨挚、“新月诗派”的祭酒, 在新
文学创作上所发射的光芒,如日中天,久而不晦; 而
且他风流、浪漫的人生,同样是那样传奇瑰丽, 又富
有诗情画意,可与中国的李商隐、温庭绚、杜牧 ,英
国的拜伦、雪莱、济慈相媲美。悲喜交织的爱情,放
荡不羁的生活,外圆内方的交际,惊世骇俗的创作,绝
顶天才的智慧 ,卑己自牧的性格,浪迹天涯的漫游,
构成了徐志摩的卓尔不群,更为中国文坛平添了不少
佳话。
徐志摩的一生,是浪漫不羁的一生,虚无缭纱的
一生,耐人寻味的一生,所以有人说他胸襟开阔,心灵
纯洁,人格高尚,作品光辉,举世无双,名垂千古;也有
人说他颓废堕落,道德败坏,色情猥亵,风花雪月,风
流倜傥。徐志摩逝世70年来,人们仍没有真正地了解
和认识他。那些“评传”之类的书籍,就像流水账一
样 , 记录了徐志摩支离破碎的一生,却未能深入地
剖析当时中国知识分子所面临的种种磨难,特别是对
西方文化的接受;至于徐志摩的作品如何融合东西方
文化的格调和趣味,研究的人更少。
徐志摩原名章垿, 号志摩,浙江海宁人。1920 年获
美国哥伦比亚大学社会学硕士,后转英国剑桥大学取得
特别生资格,在王家学院随意选课听讲。从此他抛弃了
以往攻读的社会学、经济学,改学文学,他的思想和生
活发生了很大变化。徐志摩在剑桥期间致力于西洋文
学的钻研,历时两年。这个时期,他的感情如山洪暴发,
生命受到一种伟大力量的震撼。缤纷的花雨,不成熟的
意念,新诗的心境,我们可以从他的那篇《想飞》看出
这时候他思想生活的轨迹。这时的徐志摩已由一个单
纯的爱国青年, 转变成为一个浪漫诗人,并创立了 “生
活是艺术”的所谓“艺术的人生观”。
刘心皇曾这样评价说,徐志摩之所以可爱,除了徐志
摩绝没有一般文人的小气、多疑、嫉妒、搬弄是非,或
是今日连甲攻乙 , 明日连丙攻甲……的毛病之外 , 尤
其在于(1) 性格好:热情诚挚,淳朴天真,有赤子之心,是
一团同情,是一团爱。(2)对朋友好:他有同情心,是朋友
之间的连锁。(3)对一般人好:他对任何人任何事绝没有
怨恨,永不恨人,也永想不到人会恨他。(4)极风趣:很自
然地讨人欢喜 , 他一生决不让人苦闷。这是对徐志摩
其人的一个极好的概括,入微入妙,逼真逼肖。
摘自：《风流才子——徐志摩》
学会协作 学会赞美
附:G.Leech院士六大交际原则
赞美原则approbation maxim ;
同情原则 sympathy maxim ;
策略原则 tact maxim ;
谦虚原则 modesty maxim;
慷慨原则 generosity maxim
赞同原则 agreement maxim
To the cuckoo
O blithe new-comer! I have heard,
I hear thee and rejoice.
O Cuckoo! shall I call thee Bird,
Or but a wandering Voice?
While I am lying on the grass
Thy twofold shout I hear;
From hill to hill it seems to pass
At once far off, and near.
The same whom in my schoolboy days
I listened to; that Cry
Which made me look a thousand ways
In bush, and tree, and sky.
To seek thee did I often rove
Through woods and on the green;
And thou wert still a hope, a love;
Still longed for, never seen.
Though babbling only to the Vale,
Of sunshine and of flowers,
Thou bringest unto me a tale
Of visionary hours.
And I can listen to thee yet;
Can lie upon the plain
And listen, till I do beget
That golden time again.
Thrice welcome, darling of the
Spring!
Even ye thou art to me
No bird, but an invisible thing,
A voice a mystery;
O blessed Bird! the earth we
pace
Again appears to be
An unsubstantial, faery place;
That is fit home for thee!
Photo by kevin Tang
George Gordon, Lord Byron: 1788-1824
1807: First volume of poetry Hours
of Idleness.
1807: Byron departs on his grand
tour—to Lisbon, Spain, Greece
and Albania. Begins work on
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.
1810: Visits Turkey.
1811: At 24, Byron returns to London.
1815: Marries Annabella Milbanke.
Annabella leaves a few weeks after
the birth of Augusta Ada
1817: begins work on Manfred.
1819: First two cantos of Don
Juan.
1816: Byron settles in Geneva,
near Percy and Mary Shelley,
and Claire Clairmont.
1819: Meets Countess Teresa
Guiccioli and her Carbonari
family.
1823: Joins the Greek war of
independence.
Falls ill in 1824 and dies in April
at the age of 36.
The Byronic Hero
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Goethe’s Faust Part one is
published in 1808.
In Geneva, Byron meets M.G.
Lewis author of The Monk who
translates Faust.
Part Two of Goethe’s Faust is
published posthumously in 1832.
The figure of Goethe’s
Euphorion is based on Byron.
Goethe: “Byron is not antique
and is not romantic, but he is the
present day itself. Such a one I
had to have. Moreover, he was
just my man on account of his
unsatisfied nature and of his
warlike bent, which led him to
his doom at Missolonghi.”
She walks in Beauty
She walks in beauty, like the night
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
Had half impair'd the nameless grace
And all that 's best of dark and bright
Which waves in every raven tress,
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)
“Ode To The West Wind”
“Ozymandias”
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leaves are falling like its own?
The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
Ode to the West Wind
Chart 5
Will take from both a deep autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe,
Like wither’d leaves, to quicken a new birth;
And, by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, as from an unextinguish’d hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
Photo by kevin Tang
John Keats(1795-1821)
“To Autumn”
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the mossed cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimmed their clammy cells.
Photo by kevin Tang
Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reaped furrow sound asleep,
Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twinéd flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cider-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.
Photo by kevin Tang
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
While barréd clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
Http://www.englishstory.net/byron.html
提供拜伦的生平、年谱、诗选、书信选、图像以及诗
人同时代人和文学批评家对诗人的评论，还有相关的
链接。
Http://www.cas.astate.edu/engphil/gallery/byron.html
提供拜伦的生平、书信和日记全篇以及相关站点链接。
Http://www.bartleby.com/139/
提供雪莱的生平和诗歌全集。
Http://www.libary.utoronto.ca/utel/rp/author
s/shelly.html
提供雪莱诗选和散文选。
Http://www.englishhistory.net/keats.html
提供济慈的生平、年谱、诗选、书信选、图像、
诗人同时代人和文学批评家对诗人的评论以及
有关济慈的学术论文，还有相关站点链接。
Http://www.bl.uk/exhibitions/keats
提供济慈生平、诗选、诗歌朗诵及图像等
The Victorian Age 1830-1901
Industry
 Growth of Cities
 Growth of the British Empire
 Science
 Religious Doubt
 Changing Role of Women
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Victorian Age
Queen Victorian was the ruler of English from
1837 to 1901, so it is customary to call the writing
produced during this long stretch or years Victorian
literature.
Three phases: the Early Victorian Period
(1832—1848), a time of troubles: the Mid—
Victorian Period(1848—1870), a time of economic
prospering and religious controversy; and the Last
Period(1870—1901), a time characterized by decay
of Victorian values.
试图以历史学观察中国文化、经济、政治、
军事的发展史兼与英国同时期的文学作品作比较。
维多利亚时期的世纪人物： 马克思、亚当斯
密、达尔文、狄更斯、萨克雷、哈代.
中国该时代的人物有慈禧、曹雪芹、林则徐、
魏源。
细目：1、以英国为首的资本主义大扩张
2、工人的生活条件和宪章运动
3、改革
4、达尔文的进化论
5、妇女问题
维多利亚时期的文学
乐观主义与悲观主义者：
Charles Dickens
David Copperfield
William Makepeace
Thomas Hardy
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell
Dickens’ Novels
The First Period
1836
1836-37
1837-38
1838-39
1840-41
1841
“Sketches by Boz”
“Pickwick Papers”
“Oliver Twist”
“Nicholas Nickleby”
“Old Curiosity Shop”
“Barnaby Rudge”
The Second Period
1842
1843-45
1843
1844
1845
1846-48
1849-50
“American Notes”
“Martin Chuzzlewit”
“A Christmas Carol” (a Christmas book)
“The Chimes” (a Christmas book)
“The Cricket on the Hearth” (a Christmas book)
“Dombey AND Son”
“David Copperfield”
The Third Period
1852-53
1854
1855-57
1859
1860-61
1864-65
1870
“Bleak House”
“Hard Time”
“Little Dorrit”
“A Tale of Two Cites”
“Great Expectations”
“Our Mutual Friend”
“Edwin Drood”
Http://www.helsinki.fi/kasv/nokol/dickens.html
提供狄更斯的生平、创作以及各种评论。
Http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/dickens/dicken
sov.html
提供英国维多利亚时代社会历史、政治面貌和宗教习俗以及
狄更斯小说的文学意想、人物肖像和叙述结构等。
参考文献：
王守仁编， 英国文学选读 北京：高等教育出版社 2004
何其莘 张剑 编 《英国文学选集》 外语教学与研究出版社, 2004
刘意青 主编
《英国18世纪文学史》 外语教学与研究出版社 2003
Frederick R. Karl 著 《当代英国小说导读》 外语教学与研究出版社 2004
Margret Drabble编 《牛津英国文学词典》
外语教学与研究出版社 2005
John Richetti 编 《哥伦比亚英国小说史》 外语教学与研究出版社 2005
Carl Woodring 编 《哥伦比亚英国诗歌史》 外语教学与研究出版社 2005
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http://www.literature.org/Works
Classics at the Online Literature Library [ENG]
http://classics.mit.edu The Internet Classics Archive[ENG]
http://www.bnl.com/shorts/stories/haunths.html
http://www.literature.org/Works/Charles-Dickens/chimes
http://www.bibliomania.com/Fiction/...ayor/index.html