Transcript Monocots Notes for Plant Taxonomy (Bio 4420) at Utah State University

Monocots
Notes for Plant Taxonomy (Bio
4420) at Utah State University
Origin and Characteristics
• Monophyletic
• Somewhere among Magnoliids and Palaeherbs
• Characteristics
– Parallel venation (some have reticulate venation,
?reversals)
– Single cotyledon
– Scattered vascular bundles (also in Nymphaeaceae,
Piperaceae)
– Sieve cell plastids with several cuneate protein
crystals (also in paleoherbs)
– Adventitious roots
– Leaves from basal primordium
– Monosulcate pollen
Lineages within monocots
• Alismatales
– Wetland and aquatic
habitats
• Lilianae
– Liliales
– Asparagales
• Commelinanae
– Arecales (Palms)
– Bromeliales
(Pineapples)
– Juncales
– Typhales
– Commelinales
– Phylidrales
– Zingiberales (Ginger)
Lilianae
• Liliales
– Nectaries at base of
tepals or filaments
– Extrorse anthers
– Spots on tepals
– Lack of phytomelanin
• Asparagales
– Nectaries in septa of
ovaries
– Unspotted petals
– Phytomelanin
– Sometimes anomalous
secondary growth
Liliales
• Liliaceae NEW
– Bulbs or corms, contractile
roots
– Inflorescence terminal,
determinate
– Flowers conspicuous
– Tepals often lined or
spotted
– Nectaries at base of tepals
– Loculidal capsules
– T6,A6,G(3) capsule or
berry
– Fritillaria, Erythronium,
Lilium
• Melianthaceae (Death
Camas)
– Bulblike rhizomes
– Toxic alkaloids
– Inflorescence terminal,
indeterminate
– Flowers small
– Anther sacs confluent,
opening by single slit
– Ventricidal capsules
– Seeds winged or
appendaged
– T6,A6,G(3) capsules (T
sometimes connate at
base)
Liliales (cont).
• Calochortaceae
– Bulbs/corms present
– Flowers large
– Capsules septicidal
• Other families
– Trilliaceae
– Colchicaceae
• “Uvulariaceae”
– Rhizomes
– Leaves sheathing at base
– Inflorescence
indeterminate
– Tepals sometimes spotted
– Nectaries at base of tepals
– Filaments sometimes
connate
– Stigmas elongate
– Capsules septicidal or
loculicidal or berry
• Prosartes [=Disporum],
Asparagales
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Convallariaceae New
Asphodelaceae New
Agavaceae
Alliaceae New
Hyacinthaceae New
Asparagaceae New
Hemerocallidaceae New
Amaryllidaceae
Iridaceae
Orchidaceae
• Convallariaceae