Transcript AKINS HIGH SCHOOL TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 167

AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
HINDUSIM is considered
the world’s oldest religion.
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
BUDDHISM traces it’s
roots to Hinduism.
• Describe the spread of Indo-Europeans and their language.
• Identify the Hittite empire and the effects of its technology on other societies.
• Summarize the Aryan invasion of India and the culture that arose as a result.
• Describe the origins, beliefs, and practices of Hinduism and Buddhism.
AGENDA:
•
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 3, Section 3 in textbook !
• Study for QUIZ over Sections 1 - 2
REMINDER: ABSENT YESTERDAY? You need to be in TUTORIALS to take the TEST
by tomorrow morning – see me for a pass to enter the building!
• CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday, Sept. 6 when you get back from holiday!
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
A Minoan mosaic
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Describe the Minoan civilization.
• Identify the contributions of the Phoenicians
• Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade.
AGENDA:
• Pop Quiz!
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 3, Section 4 in textbook !
Complete the reading guide questions in packet p. 6 – 7
• CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday
REMINDER: ABSENT WEDNESDAY? You need to make-up the TEST ASAP!!!!!!!
WHEN FINISHED WITH QUIZ, Put it in the top tray on desk,
Return to seat and COMPLETE p. 4 – 5 in your packet!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 3, Section 4 in textbook !
Complete the reading guide questions in packet p. 6 – 7
• CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday
REMINDER: ABSENT WEDNESDAY? You need to make-up the TEST ASAP!!!!!!!
GREECE
Crete
The Island of Crete in the time of the ancient Minoans (ancestors of the Greeks?)
The Palace of Knossos was first
excavated in 1878 A.D. Covering
20,000 sq. meters, this was the palatial
center of the Minoan civilization and
dates back to 1700 B.C.
The most recognizable
symbol of Crete's
power: the bull. In
Knossos' palace there
are many depictions of
bulls, including in the
sport of bull jumping.
The most famous
example of the bull
being used is the
Minotaur, a powerful
half man half bull that
devoured the flesh of
Athenian men.
< The painting on this
piece of pottery
shows the
mythological ending
of the Minoans
power. Here the hero,
Theseus, who was
aided by Ariadne,
slays the half man
half bull creature.
Later in time, Athens
became the premier
power.
< A disk with the Minoan
Cretan's writing. There were
three different types of
writing that have been
discovered: a hieroglyphic
script, Linear A, and Linear
B. The writing became
necessary for trade and to
keep track of built up wealth.
GREECE
Crete
1. What were three important features
of Minoan culture on Crete?
Minoan mosaic
The beautiful island of Santorina (Thera) today is actually
what remains of the volcanic crater that erupted and
caused the cataclysmic destruction.
• A peaceful people, Sea-faring Traders (Mariners)
• Excelled in Art – Mosaics and Frescoes
• Would have influence on Greece later
• Worshipped female goddesses – women as priestesses
• Volcanic eruption / earthquakes ended their
civilization around 1200 B.C.
Bas relief depicting
Phoenician sea-traders
2.
How did the Phoenicians
spread their culture?
TRADE
Byblos
Bible
Bibliography………….
< the great library
2.
How did the Phoenicians
spread their culture?
TRADE
3. Why were trade networks
so important?
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 230
JUDAISM
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
TODAY IN HISTORY:
September 6, 1941
Jews over the age of 6 were ordered to
begin wearing the yellow Star of David in
Germany and it’s occupied areas.
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews.
• Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon.
• Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon.
AGENDA:
• WARM-UP:
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 4, Section 1 in textbook !
REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
2.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
2.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
3.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
2.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
3.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
4.
Give two reasons why the location of
Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of
Africa and Asia.
Its seaports opened onto the most important
waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
2.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
3.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
4.
Give two reasons why the location of
Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of
Africa and Asia.
Its seaports opened onto the most important
waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Bible Canaan (Palestine)
5. According to their sacred literature, the _______,
was the land promised to them by God.
6. Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______.
Torah
(Today ___________also
respect these sacred writings
Christians
as part of the Old Testament of their Bible.)
TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both

Some events that really happened, and
important lessons

Stories told toteach
______________________(etiological
stories)
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
8. _________was
Abraham
chosen by God to be the “father” of the Hebrew people
and promised to give him land (Canaan).
9. Where did Abraham live? Ur, in Mesopotamia.
10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan? Around 2000 B.C.
11. When did Abraham’s descendents move again, this time to Egypt?
Around 1650 B.C.
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 230
JUDAISM
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews.
• Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon.
• Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon.
AGENDA:
• WARM-UP:
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 4, Section 2 -3 in textbook! QUIZ TOMORROW!
REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have? One
Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic?
Monotheistic (worship of 1 god)
13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God? Yahweh
14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other
peoples of the time?
•a.) only 1 God, others were polytheistic.
•b.) Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went.
•c.) Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples,
•
not just them.
•d.) Yahweh was not physical,
•
could not make any physical images of God
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a
covenant
________________,
which is a mutual promise or contract.
16. Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place?
Because of a drought / famine in their land
17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them?
They were forced into slavery.
18. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
The Hebrews fled Egypt
around 1300-1200 B.C.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
18. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.
19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________
Passover to remember the Exodus from Egypt.
20. Who led the Hebrews out of slavery
in Egypt? MOSES
21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews
wandered for forty years
in the Sinai Desert.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews
wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert.
22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of
Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments
down from the mountain and delivered them
to the people.
23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the
Hebrews if they obeyed his laws.
24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74.
1 – 5 are concerned with
the people’s relationship with God.
6 – 10 deal with
the people’s relationship with one another.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
25. After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down?
Canaan
26. The Hebrews were organized into twelve tribes when they arrived in Canaan.
Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler? Self-governing
27 In times of emergency they were united and led by judges
,
one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named Deborah.
28. The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling
Hammurabi ’s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ? Hammurabi’s
strict laws were softened by expressions of God’s mercy and forgiveness.
29. The Hebrew prophets emphasized both “right conduct” and “worshipping only one
God.” This type of religion is more specifically known as what?
Ethical Monotheism
30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why
the Hebrews came to be called Jews and their religion is known as Judaism
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under
3 kings (Saul, David, and Solomon) and the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David
33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon
What did he build? A great temple
This is an artist's
approximation of what
King Solomon's Temple
looked like when it was originally constructed.
The building of the Temple kicked off massive
construction efforts during Solomon's reign that
resulted in the
erection of many royal and public buildings. The
Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem
until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by
the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed a
second time by the Romans in 79 A.D.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under
3 kings (Saul, David, and Solomon) and the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David
33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon
What did he build? A great temple
This is an artist's
approximation of what
King Solomon's Temple
looked like when it was originally
constructed.
The building of the Temple kicked off
massive construction efforts during
Solomon's reign that resulted in the
erection of many royal and public buildings.
The Temple, however, remained the center
of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the
sixth century B.C. by the Romans.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
34. After Solomon’s death the kingdom divided in two.
Israel was in the north and Judah was in the south.
35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a
tribute - a peace money paid by weaker
powers to a stronger power,
to the mighty Assyrian empire.
(Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73)
36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom
of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.
37. The southern kingdom of Judah
fell 150 years later to the Babylonians.
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,
what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom
of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.
37. The southern kingdom of Judah
fell 150 years later to the Babylonians.
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,
what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
39. How many years before the Jews in exile
were allowed to return to their homeland?
50 years
40. Will the Jews be able to take control of
Palestine for good?
Other empires will rise and fall in the future
taking control of ancient Palestine as well as
the future destiny of the Jewish people.
5
Early History of the Israelites
2000 B.C.–Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan.
He founds the Israelite nation. “Israel” = people of God.
Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved.
Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the “Exodus” ~
receive the 10 Commandments
Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land.
1000 B.C.–David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel.
Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts.
922 B.C.–Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah.
722 B.C.–Assyrians conquer Israel.
586 B.C.–Babylonians capture Judah – Babylonian Captivity.
Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.
5
Teachings on Law and
Morality
The laws of the Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and food
preparation to criminal matters.
Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments.
Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards
of behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism.
Examples:
• The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak.
• All people are equal under God.
Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human and
bound by God’s law.
Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism
SYMBOLS
The Magen David (or as it is more commonly known, the
Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated
with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new
Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of
King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there
is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature.
In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers
suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works.
Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives
downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles
inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3
interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are
theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined
equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is
thought to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but
never as an exclusively Jewish symbol.
The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah.
The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it
was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897,
but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. When
the modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over
whether this symbol should be used on the flag.
SHORT ESSAY: Write on back.
Name two ways that early Judaism differed from other religions of
the time (other than it’s monotheistic tenet).
Then explain the meaning of “ethical monotheism.”
BONUS: In what year did the United Nations re-establish a nation
called Israel?
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 230
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
JUDAISM
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews.
• Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon.
• Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon.
AGENDA:
• WARM-UP:
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read Chapter 4, Section 1 in textbook ! Complete pp. 8 – 9 in packet.
REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!
Today we examine Egypt’s New Kingdom
Period. The tomb of the New Kingdom
Pharoah named Tutankhamun was
discovered in 1923 by archaeologist
Howard Carter. It was an amazing find!
A tomb full of treasures like Tut’s golden mask
seen here. Learn more about this discovery at
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/egypt/
`
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 230
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Identify key events in the history of Egypt’s New Kingdom.
• Explain why the Egyptian Empire declined.
• Summarize the Kushite conquest of Egypt.
• Describe the achievements of the Kushite kingdom of Meroe.
TODAY’s AGENDA:
• WARM-UP:
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT:
• ALL: Read Chapter 4, Sections 2 and 3 in textbook ! QUIZ tomorrow!
REMINDER: CHAPTER 3 – 4 Test is Tuesday!!!
TEXTBOOK pp. 83 - 87
Recalling prior knowledge:
Egypt’s Middle Kingdom period ends with the invasion of the Hyksos.
The Hyksos occupation & rule: 1640-1570 BCE
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920-2575 BCE
• Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes.
• Foundation of the capital Memphis.
• Early Step Pyramid is built at Saqqara.
OLD KINGDOM - 2660-2180 BCE
• The Great Pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) are built at Giza.
• Pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare, Raneferef, Neuserre are built at Abusir.
MIDDLE KINGDOM 2180-1550 BCE
• Fragmentation of centralized power.
• Kings in Thebes establish control over all Egypt.
• Chaos leads central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos,
an Asiatic people in the Nile Delta.
• Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes.
(CH 2 Coverage)
----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------NEW KINGDOM 1550-1070 BCE
(CH 4 Coverage)
• Theban king Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt.
• Reigns of such kings as Amenhotep and Thutmose (Thutmosis). Memphis now main residential city.
• Ramses II (1290- 1224 BC) divides power in Middle East with the Hittites; Qantir capital of Egypt.
• Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Future history….
• Alexander the Great of Macedonia / Greece conquers and the Ptolemy dynasty governs; 332 – 30 BC
• After the defeat of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemy ruler, the Roman emperors exploit Egypt as the main
production center of wheat, papyrus and textiles for the vast Roman Empire; 30 BC – 394 AD
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia,
who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed
as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed
on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real
Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at
the British Museum. A replica is also at the
United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true
Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the
coexistence and peaceful cohabitation of peoples
from different background and culture in one land.
Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of
other people’s beliefs and culture.
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Analyze Assyrian military strength.
• Evaluate Assyrian achievements.
• Trace the Assyrian Empire’s decline.
• Explain the rise and fall of the Persian Empire.
• Describe the unique features of the Persian government and its official religion Zoroastrianism.
TODAY’s AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately!
• WARM-UP: Read about “Assyrian Military Power” textbook p. 89
• LECTURE: “The Assyrians and the Persians – Two Different Ways to Rule!”
• Video: “The Persians Rule with Tolerance”
TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT:
• ALL: Read Chapter 4, Sections 4 in textbook !
REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!
Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia,
who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his
Charter on the Rights of Nations.
Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first
real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at
the British Museum. A replica is also at the United
Nations in New York.
It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to
express the coexistence and peaceful living of people
from different background and culture in one land.
Cyrus the Great
580-529 B.C.
Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on
Tolerance of other people’s beliefs and culture.
“I am Cyrus.
King of the world. When I entered Babylon... I did not
allow anyone to terrorize the land...
I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its
sanctuaries to promote their well-being...
I put an end to their misfortune.”
From The First Charter of the Rights of Nations
Cyrus the Great
Founder of The First Persian Empire
Inscribed on a clay cylinder in cuneiform
discovered in 1879 now in The British Museum, London.
Shi Huangdi – “First Emperor” of China,
brought about the new Qin Dynasty
following the collapse of the old Zhou
dynasty. He was a cruel tyrant who
restored order in China with a harsh laws,
taxes, and intolerance toward scholars.
His Qin dynasty lasted about 15 years.
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
Pre-A.P. World History
Mr. Loessin; Room 230
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Compare the Chinese ethical systems –
Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism –
that arose in the late Zhou period
and how they addressed the “time of troubles”.
• Describe the impact of Shi Huangdi’s Qin Dynasty on Chinese history.
TODAY’s AGENDA:
Please begin your warm-up immediately!
• WARM-UP: Read History Makers: “Confucius and Laozi” textbook p. 98
•
TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT:
• ALL: STUDY FOR TEST. Chapter 3 – 4 Test is tomorrow! Tutorials begin at 8:20!
REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!
RECALL:
We Covered in Chapter 2
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Ancient
China
D
Y
N
A
S
T
I
E
S
Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.
Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.
Shang 1700-1027 B.C.
Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.
Eastern Zhou
770-221 B.C.
Warring States period
475-221 B.C.
RECALL:
We Covered in Chapter 2
The first 300 years of Zhou rule were relatively peaceful and stable.
But that changed around 771 B.C.E. as nomadic tribes invaded from the north
and as the noble families began to fight for power against one another.
The crossbow is introduced in China during this time of great conflict and chaos
known as the Period of Warring States.
Chinese values collapsed during this period of arrogance, chaos, and defiance.
Will China be saved?
By who? By what?
…..stay tuned.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CONFUCIANISM
• Confucius – China’s most influential scholar / philosopher
• Born 551 B.C.
• Wanted to restore “order” to Chinese society
after years of conflict in “warring states” period
• His answer: To help China, people must follow the
Five basic Relationships based on “respect”
Ruler / Subjects ; Father / Son ; Husband / Wife ;
Brother / Brother ;
Friend / Friend
Emphasis on Family relationships
filial piety – respecting the family / elders / parents
• Worked to improve government efficiency
Created the basis of a bureaucracy (a system of departments
and agencies that run the government)
Education important for these
civil servants (government workers)
• Over time, the philosophy of Confucius spread
to other parts of Asia and is still practiced today
• “Analects” (the teachings of Confucius)
(Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)
PIC: Confucious seated teaches political statesmen.
CONFUCIUS 551 – 479 B.C.
“Don’t do to others
what you wouldn’t want done
to yourself.”
-Confucius
TAOISM
• Laozi (or, Lao-tzu) was also a great Chinese thinker.
• Taoism was not meant to be a religion. It is a "Way" of life.
It is a River. The Tao is the natural order of things.
It is a force that flows through every living thing,
as well as through the entire universe.
•When the Tao is in balance it is possible to find perfect happiness.
• “Just let“Yin-Yang”
go, let the– universethe
happen” and all fall back into flow!
Universe
in Balance
“Taoism
was
Laozi’s
is a answer
religio-philosophical
to China’s problems
traditionand
that
personal
has, along
happiness.
with
Confucianism,
shaped
Chinese life for more than 2,000 years.
• Called Taoism,
or Daoism.
TheTao
Taoist
with
its emphasis
individual
freedom and
• The
washeritage,
written in
a time
of feudal on
warfare
and constant
spontaneity,
laissez-faire
(“hands off”)
government
and social
conflict. Lao
Tzu was reflecting
on a way
which would
stop
primitivism,
mystical
experience,
and
techniques
of
selfthe warfare, a path for humanity to follow which would end
transformation,
the conflict. represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian
concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and
governmental
responsibilities.”
And so he came
up with a few pages of short verses, which
http://www.crystalinks.com/taoism.html
became the Tao Te Ching, this is the original book of Tao.
(Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
LAOZI (Lao-tzu) ca. 600 B.C.
Stop thinking, and end your
problems.
—Lao Tzu
LEGALISM
• Legalism is the belief that order can only be restored through strict laws and force.
• Han Feizi, as a student, was taught in the Confucian tradition.
Because of a problem with stuttering, he did not go the way most wandering
philosophers of this age did – making the rounds of kings' courts and making
speeches. Instead, he wrote. His book, the Han Feizi, brought him some
prominence during his life and ended up being the main text of the school of
Legalism.
He traced the cause of the chaos of the time back to a growing population.
According to him, this caused a scarcity of resources which led to war and strife.
Shangzi saw a strong government according to law as the solution to the problem.
Han Feizi died as a result of political intrigue in 233 BC,
but Legalism would go on to become the philosophy which finally managed to unify China.
1.
What were the three thinkers or new ideas that changed China?
Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
At 13 years old, he became ruler of the new
Qin Dynasty
He ended the troubles – period of warring states.
Of the three teachings of his day –
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
… he chose Legalism.
Using FORCE and STRICT LAWS
he restored order to China.
He is China’s “First Emperor” – Shi Huangdi.
He would double the size of China.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.
Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.
Shang 1700-1027 B.C.
Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.
Ancient
China’s
Dynasties
Eastern Zhou
770-221 B.C.
Warring States period
475-221 B.C.
Qin 221 – 207 B.C.
Western Han 206 B.C. – 9 A.D.
Hsing (Huns) occupy China 9 – 25 A.D.
Eastern Han (restoration) 25 – 220 A.D.
IMPERIAL
China’s
Dynasties
Three Kingdoms
(Division)
220 – 265 A.D.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Chin
265 – 316 A.D.
Shi-Huangdi
China’s “First Emperor”
(259-210 BC)
• Doubled the size of China.
• Established an autocracy – a type of government where the ruler has
complete control and unlimited power !
• Ended the feudalism of the Zhou period and reigned in the tamed
nobles but forcing them to move to his capital.
• Desired complete Uniformity – “sameness” – in thought and deed.
Standardized writing, laws, money, weights and measurements.
Forced laborers to build roads connecting one end of China to the other.
• Legalism = Total CONTROL! Banned books, controlled ideas,
began to persecute the educated Scholars. He bans Confucianism!
The Building of the Great Wall
FACTS about the Wall……
(see textbook p. 100-101)
http://www.crystalinks.com/chinawall.html
Chinese
peasants
were
forced to
work on
Shi-Huangdi’s soldiers
persecuting scholars.the wall
sometimes
until their
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
deaths!
Shi Huangdi, the “First Emperor” of China, restored order after years of
conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of
strict and rigid Legalism.
His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Ch’in).
The Qin Dynasty
[221-206 B.C.E.]B
Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy
Forced labor to build the First Great Wall
Standardized money and systems of measurement
Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars
What happened to Shi Huangdi?
What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?
Click on the pic above
to see more pics of the Great Wall.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Shi Huangdi was a tyrant and ruled with an iron hand, handing down harsh laws,
and levying large tax rates that oppressed the commoners of ancient China. He
tried to eliminate the teachings of Confucius, and the education system that
accompanied Confucianism. In his final years, Shi Huangdi became quite withdrawn
and odd-behaving. He surrounded himself with magicians and alchemists, providing
them only one task: to find or create an immortality formula. Shi Huangdi became
increasingly more maniacal near his death, and wanted an potion that would allow him
to rule as a divine emperor forever. He died-- broken, insane, and alone--after a trip to
Japan in search of this magic potion in 210 BCE.
Recently discovered in 1974 by Chinese peasants who were drilling a well, the tomb of
Shi Huangdi proved to be one of the greatest archaeological finds. Archaeologists were
uncertain when the excavations began of the great magnitude of this site. The centerpiece
of Shi Huangdi's mausoleum is the terra-cotta army of approximately 8,000 life-sized
men and horses. Individually sculpted of thick terra-cotta clay, each soldier and horse
is unique, each with its own style of dress (the mineral paints used to cover the figures
in bright, gay colors have since dissolved), weaponry, and facial expressions. Built mainly underground, the construction
itself took 700,000 prisoners of war and slaves over 36 years
to construct and covers approximately four square miles. The as-yet-unearthed palace
(built for Shi-Huangdi’s use in the afterlife and thus never lived in)
is reputedly of legendary grandeur. Shi-Huangdi’s actual
pyramidal tomb has also not been excavated yet.
When the Chinese made the first announcements about the statues
in 1974, many archaeologists, intellectuals and especially tourists
wanted to visit the site. The Chinese communist government today
has been surprisingly open about visitation (although they oversee
all the digging) and even lead tours to watch the actual excavation
as it takes place.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Shi Huangdi, the “First Emperor” of China, restored order after years of
conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of
strict and rigid Legalism.
His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Ch’in).
The Qin Dynasty
[221-206 B.C.E.]B
Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy
Forced labor to build the First Great Wall
Standardized money and systems of measurement
Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars
What happened to Shi Huangdi?
What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?
Click on the pic above
to see more pics of the Great Wall.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.
Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.
Shang 1700-1027 B.C.
Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.
Ancient
China’s
Dynasties
Eastern Zhou
770-221 B.C.
Warring States period
475-221 B.C.
Qin 221 – 207 B.C.
Western Han 206 B.C. – 9 A.D.
Hsing (Huns) occupy China 9 – 25 A.D.
Eastern Han (restoration) 25 – 220 A.D.
We will examine the
great Han Dynasty
during our Library
Project next week!
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
IMPERIAL
China’s
Dynasties
Three Kingdoms
(Division)
220 – 265 A.D.
Chin
265 – 316 A.D.