Transcript The 1920s
The 1920s Red Scare • A nationwide fear that Communists might seize power in the Untied States. • Part II and III on y our own. Palmer Raids • A. Mitchell Palmer, the Attorney General of the US organized a series of raids on the headquarters of various radical organizations. Sacco and Vanzetti • Two immigrants arrested for murder. • Sacco and Vanzetti were anarchists, and though their was virtually no evidence against them, they were found guilty and executed. Warren G. Harding/ Return to Normalcy • U.S. Senator who won the presidency in 1920. • Used the campaign slogan “return to normalcy” • This referred to the desire of many Americans to return to a “normal” life after the turbulence of the Progressive Era and WWI. Teapot Dome Scandal • Harding’s secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall secretly allowed private interests to lease lands containing U.S. navy oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, CA. • In return, Fall received bribes. • This scandal, along with others destroyed the reputation of the Harding administration. Quota System • Response to growing nativism in the United States. • Emergency Quota Act of 1921: stated that only 3 % of the total number of people in any ethnic group (based on the 1910 census) could be admitted in a single year. • National Origins Act of 1924: made immigration restriction permanent, and set quotas at 2 % (based on the 1890 census). • This created discrimination against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. • Part II and III on your own. Henry Ford • Transformed the automobile industry by adapting the assembly line to make cars more efficiently. • The assembly line divided operations into simple tasks. This made it cheaper and easier to make automobiles. • Ford also increased wages and decreased working hours. 18th Amendment • Prohibited the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States. • The Volstead Act was passed to help enforce the 18th amendment. • Repealed by the 21st Amendment. • Part II and III on your own. Scopes Trial • • • • A court case that reflected the fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society. In 1925, John T. Scopes, broke a law called the Butler Act by teaching about evolution in his high school biology class. He was arrested and put on trial. Part II and III on your own. Flapper • Young, dramatic, stylish and unconventional woman who personified women’s changing behavior in the 1920s. • Flappers drank, smoked, danced, and dressed in revealing attire. Babe Ruth • National baseball hero, famous for hitting hundreds of home runs. Charles Lindbergh • The first pilot to fly solo and non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean. • Flew in his plan The Spirit of St. Louis. Great Migration • Mass migration of African Americans from the rural south to industrial cities in the north. • African-Americans moved north to escape the segregated society of the south, find economic opportunities, and to build better lives. Harlem Renaissance • Literary and artistic celebration of AfricanAmerican culture that began in the NYC neighborhood of Harlem. Marcus Garvey • A black leader from Jamaica who called for “Negro Nationalism” which glorified the black culture and traditions of the past. • He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and promoted gaining economic opportunity through education. • Also advocated separation and independence from whites. Dawes Plan • A treaty meant to help European countries with war debts. • Essentially, American banks would make loans to Germany, which would allow them to make their reparation payments to Britain and France. • That allowed Britain and France to pay the Untied States more of their war debts. Washington Naval Disarmament Conference • Conference in Washington D.C. to discuss global disarmament. Kellogg-Briand Pact • Treaty signed by 62 nations outlawing war. • The pact had no binding force.