Transcript Revolution in Writing From Word Processing to Paperless Publishing

Revolution in Writing
From Word Processing to
Paperless Publishing
The Word Processing Process
Word processing involves the following
steps:
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Entering text
Editing text
Formatting & proofreading the document
Saving the document on disk
Printing the document
Entering Text
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As you enter text using a word
processor, your text is displayed on the
screen and stored in the computer’s
RAM.
Save your work periodically because
RAM is not permanent memory.
Editing Text
Write and refine a document
easily by:
 navigating to different
parts of a document
 inserting or deleting text
at any point
 moving & copying text
 searching and replacing
words or phrases
Formatting Text
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Formatting refers to how the words look on a
page.
WYSIWIG (“What you see is what you get”)
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What you see on the screen is a close
approximation of what you will see on paper
Types of formatting:
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Character
Line & Paragraph
Entire Document
Character Formatting
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Characters are measured by point size
with one point equal to 1/72 inch.
200 pts
120 pts
80 pts
20 pts
A
40 pts
A
A
A
A
All About Fonts
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A font is a size and style of typeface.
Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at
the ends.
 Sans-serif fonts have plainer, cleaner
lines.
Arial
Paragraph Formatting
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Formatting for paragraphs involve
margin settings, line spacing, indents,
tabs and justification.
Document Formatting
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You can impact the
appearance of an entire
document through the
following:
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Style sheets
Headers and footers
Multiple columns
Automatic editing features
Table of Contents and Indexes
Conversion to HTML for web
publishing
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
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Outliners and Idea Processors
Synonym Finders
Digital References
Spelling Checkers
Grammar and Style Checkers
Form Letter Generators
Collaborative Writing Tools
Outliners and Idea Processors
Outliners are effective at performing the following functions:
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arranging
information into
levels
rearranging
ideas and levels
hiding and
revealing levels
of detail as
needed
Synonym Finders
Computerized thesaurus can provide instantaneous feedback
for synonyms and antonyms.
Digital References
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Dictionaries, quotation
books, encyclopedias,
atlases, almanacs and
other references are
now available in digital
form.
The biggest advantage
of the electronic form
is speed.
The biggest drawback
is that quick copying
may tempt writers to
plagiarize.
Spelling Checkers
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Spelling checkers
compare words in
your document with
words in a diskbased dictionary.
Words may be
flagged; you make
the decision to
ignore or change the
spelling.
Grammar and Style Checkers
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A grammar and style
checker flags possible
errors and makes
suggestions for
correcting.
It spots the following:
 Spelling
 Errors of context
 Common grammatical
errors
 Stylistic foibles
Form Letter Generators
The Mail Merge feature in word processors
generates personalized form letters and mailing
labels.
 Create a database with names
 Create a form letter
 Merge the database with the form letter
to create a personalized letter
Collaborative Writing Tools
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Groupware -software designed to be
used by a workgroup
Provides for collaborative writing and
editing
Tracks changes and identifies by the
originator’s name
Compares document versions and
highlights differences in documents
The Desktop Publishing Story
The process of producing a book, magazine or other
publications includes several steps:
 Writing text
 Editing text
 Producing drawings, photographs, and other
graphics to accompany text
 Designing a basic format for the publication
What is Desktop Publishing?
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With modern desktop publishing
technology, the production process
can be accomplished with
sophisticated tools that are affordable
and easy to use.
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Typesetting text.
Arranging text and graphics on images.
Typesetting and printing pages.
Binding pages into a finished publication.
Desktop Publishing Tools
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Scanners transform photographs and
hand-drawn images into computerreadable documents.
Page-layout software combine the
various source documents into a
coherent, visually appealing publication
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QuarkXpress
PageMaker
Adobe InDesign
What does the future hold?
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Despite predictions, written media isn’t
going away.
Yet…
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Electronic mail messages now out number
post office deliveries of letters.
CD-ROM encyclopedias briskly outsell their
paper versions.
The Internet provides for self-publishing to
millions of users.
Tomorrow’s Word Tools
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Word processors are growing in
sophistication and absorbing the
features of page-layout software.
Paperless electronic media will replace
desktop publishing.
Groupware for writing and editing
Electronic dictation
Intelligent Word Processors
Electronic Books and Digital
Paper
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The electronic book, or ebook is a
handheld device that can contain
anything from today’s top news stories
to lengthy novels.
Digital paper, or epaper is a flexible,
portable, paper-like material that can
dynamically display black-and-white text
and images on its surface.
Electronic Dictation & Intelligent
Word Processors
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The bottleneck continues to be in the
input side of desktop publishing
systems.
For the future:
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Speech-recognition software systems that
can reliably recognize human speech.
Intelligent word processors that anticipate
a writer’s needs, acting as an electronic
editor or co-author.
Chapter 6
Calculations, Visualization,
and
Simulation
The Spreadsheet
The spreadsheet
consists of:
 Cells (the intersection
of a row and column)
Cell A1
Addresses (column
letter and row number,
e.g., A1, C12)
Cell C12
The Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet cells can contain values, labels,
and formulas:
Values such as
numbers and dates
Labels that explain
what a value means,
such as column and
report headings
The Spreadsheet
Formulas allow you to create instructions
using mathematical expressions and
commands
+ (plus)
- (minus)
*(multiplication)
/ (division)
Sum
Average
Spreadsheet Features
Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such
as replication of data
Type the first value
in the series such
as Qtr 1 or January
or 500
and let the software
replicate it to other cells.
Qtr 2
Qtr 3
Qtr 4
Spreadsheet Features
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Formulas can be relative,
so they refer to different
cells when they are copied
Or absolute, so the
formula references never
change when they are
copied
When the formula in column B
is copied to column C,
it changes relative to the new column.
Spreadsheet Features
Automatic recalculation
–
Any time a change is
entered into the
spreadsheet, all data
related to the change
automatically updates.
Spreadsheet Features
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Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT)
are used to automate complex
calculations
Macros let you store keystrokes and
commands so they can be played
back automatically
Templates offer ready-to-use
worksheets with labels and formulas
already entered
Spreadsheet Features
Linking spreadsheets together
When the value
change in one
spreadsheet, the
data is automatically
updated in all linked
spreadsheets
Spreadsheet Features
Database capabilities
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Search for information
Sort the data by a specific criteria
Merge the data with a word processor
Generate reports
“What If?”
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Spreadsheets allow you to change
numbers and instantly see the effects of
those changes.
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“What if I enter this value?”
Equation solvers
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Some spreadsheets generate data needed
to fit a given equation and target value.
Spreadsheet Graphics:
From Digits to Drawings
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Charts allow you to
turn numbers into
visual data:
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Pie charts (show
relative proportions
to the whole)
Line charts (show
trends or relationships
over time)
Spreadsheet Graphics:
From Digits to Drawings
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180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bar charts (use if
data falls into a few
categories)
North
West
East
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
$ 6,000.00
 Scatter charts (use to
discover, rather than to
display, a relationship
between two variables)
$ 5,000.00
$ 4,000.00
Austr al i a
Ger many
$ 3,000.00
Canada
Gr eat Br i tai n
$ 2,000.00
$ 1 ,000.00
$ 0.00
0
0.5
1
1 .5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Statistical Software:
Beyond Spreadsheets
Accounting and Financial
Management software allows you to do
electronically handle routine transactions
such as:
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writing checks
balancing accounts
creating budgets
Statistical Software:
Beyond Spreadsheets
Mathematics Processing software turns
abstract mathematical relationships into visual
objects.
Statistical Software:
Beyond Spreadsheets
Statistical and
data analysis
software collects
and analyzes data
that tests the
strength of data
relationships.
Statistical Software:
Beyond Spreadsheets
Scientific visualization
software uses shape,
location in space, color,
brightness, and motion
to help us visualize data.
Calculated Risks: Computer
Modeling and Simulation
Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of
objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
Computer Modeling and
Simulation
Examples:
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computer games (chess boards, sports
arenas, and mythological societies)
computer models of organisms, objects,
and organizations
flight simulators and simulations of
science lab activities
managing a business, city, or nation
Computer Simulation
Computer
Simulations are
widely used for
research in the
physical, biological,
and social sciences,
and in engineering.
Computer Modeling
and Simulation
Schools, businesses, and the military use
simulations for training because:
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Safety: non-threatening environments
Economy: less expensive than real life
Projection: less threatening to systems
Visualization: allows to see and
understand
Replication: allows repetition of projects
Computer Simulation:
The Risks
Risks:
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Simulation isn’t reality.
Not all factors can be
entered into the model
or simulation.