Transcript The Americans Chapter 2: The American Colonies Emerge

The
Americans
Chapter 2: The American Colonies
Emerge
William
Penn
John Winthrop
John Smith
Hernando
Cortes
Section 1: Spain’s Empire
in the America’s
•
•
•
•
Conquistadors
Cortes
Aztecs
New Spain & Mexico City
Section 1: Spain’s Empire in
the America’s
Spanish building their new American Empire
•Techniques from the reconquista
•Peninsulares mostly men
•Mestizos
•“It was neither triumph nor a
defeat: it was the painful birth
of the Mesitzo nation that is
Mexico today.”
•Encomienda
Section 1: Spain’s
Empire in the America’s
Spain’s Golden Age
•Cortes conquers Mayans, Yucatan, and Central America
•Pizarro conquers Incas in South America
•European Countries struggled to keep up w/ Spain’s power
•Move into Southwest & Southeast U.S.
•Not much gold found = spread their culture and religion
(congregraciones)
•Ponce de Leon; Florida (Feast of Flowers)
•French Pirates; Pedro Menendez; St. Augustine
Ponce de Leon
Section 1: Spain’s Empire
in the America’s
• Resistance & Rebellion to the Spanish
•Native American resistance to Spain’s attempt to force culture and religion
on them
•New Mexico
•Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Rebellion)
•17,000 warriors from around New Mexico took back their lands for
14 years
Section 2: An English
Settlement at Jamestown
Jamestown
•King James I grants Charter to the Virginia
Company
Chief
Powhatan
•Gold Hungry Settlers neglected basic
survival needs (planting crops, clearing
fields, etc…)
•Winter of 1607 = 38 colonists left alive
•JOHN SMITH = “he that will not work shall
not eat”
•Powhatan influence before & after John
Smith
•Brown Gold (John Rolfe)
Section 2: An English
Settlement at Jamestown
The Search for Labor
•Headright system
•50 acres of land plus 50 more for each
family member
•Indentured servants
•4-7 years
•African Laborers
•2 to 3 times cheaper than indentured
servants
•First bunch treated as I.S.
Section 2: An English
Settlement at Jamestown
English and Native
American Clashes
•English Colonization practices
much different from the Spanish
•“The wild Irish” vs. Mestizos
•John Rolfe & Pocahontas
•Continued Hostilities between
English colonists & Powhatan
•King James I had enough
•Royal colony
Section 2: An English
Settlement at Jamestown
Bacon’s ReBellion
•Doeg Tribe vs. frontier farmers
•Va. Governor William Berkley
refused support vs. N.A.
•Nathaniel Bacon puts together
militia
•Berkley declares militia illegal
•Stormed Jamestown
•Berkley and others flee by
ship
•Bacon dies of illness a month later
•Resistance is quickly
overtaken
• Chuck Norris
says “I don’t take
notes, I stare
them down until
I get the info I
need.”
• Unfortunately
you can’t do
that, but we’re
almost done.
Section 3: Puritan
New England
Puritans, New England, &
John Winthrop
•Puritans vs. Church of
England
•Massachusetts Bay
Company
•Separatists
•“City upon a Hill”
•Governor John Winthrop
•“I am persuaded God
will bring some heavy
affliction to this land”
(England)
Section 3: Puritan
New England
Dissention in Puritan New England
•Roger Williams
•No rightful claim to land unless
purchased from N.A.
•Govt. has no right to punish based
on religious beliefs
•Heresy in the eyes of traditional
Puritans
•Williams ordered to be arrested and
sent to England
•Williams fled = Providence
•Anne Hutchinson
•“the Holy Spirit illuminates
in the heart of every true
believer”
•Banished from N.E.
Section 3: Puritan
New England
Conflicts vs. Native Americans
•Pequot War
•Pequot vs. Puritans & Narragansett
•Miantonomo’s Warning
•King Phillip’s War
•Metacom (King Phillip)
•English Victory over a year
•Proportionally worse death rates than Civil
War
•Native American power in NE defeated
Section 4: Settlement of the Middle Colonies
New Netherland
•Henry Hudson—employed by the Dutch—sails up the
Hudson River
•Fur trade established w/ Iroquois
•New Netherland & New Amsterdam
Henry Hudson
•Diversity is widespread
•French, Germans, Scandinavians, Africans
•Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Protestants
•“Dutch Wedge”
•James II (Duke of York) took over proprietorship
New York
=
•Gave land to buddies = New Jersey (after British island)
Section 4: Settlement of the Middle Colonies
Quakers & Pennsylvania
•The “Holy Experiment”
•William Penn & Quakers
•Pacifism
•No aristocracy
•Freedom of religion
•Did not defer to anyone of rank
•“City of Brotherly Love”
•Friendly N.A. relations
•Eventually Quakers became minority
•Dutch West India Company
“Nice Job w/ the
notes—did you
know that when I
do a pushup I’m
not lifting my body
up…I’m pushing
the earth down.”