3.3 The Middle Colonies

• The English created New York and New Jersey from former Dutch territory. • William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania.

• The economy of the middle colonies was supported by trade and staple crops.

New York

• Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur trading post.

• New Amsterdam – center of fur trade.

•

Peter Stuyvesant

the colony from 1647 1664.

led • English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it New York.

New Jersey

• English took control in 1664.

• Between the Hudson and Delaware rivers.

• Diverse population – Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.

Penn’s Colony

•

Quakers

– A.K.A. Society of Friends – one of largest religious groups in New Jersey.

– supported nonviolence and religious tolerance •

William Penn

– founded Pennsylvania – safe home for Quakers – Penn limited his power, established an elected assembly, and promised religious freedom to all Christians

Economy of the Middle Colonies

• Good climate and rich soil –

staple crops:

• crops that are always needed • wheat, barley, and oats • indentured servants were a larger source of labor.

• Trade to Britain and the West Indies important to economy of middle colonies.

Women in the Middle Colonies

• Ran farms and businesses – Examples: clothing stores, drugstores, and bakeries.

• Some were nurses and midwives.

• Most worked primarily in the home.

• Married women managed households and raised children.

3.4 Life in the English Colonies

• Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.

• English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.

• The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality among many colonists.

• The French and Indian War gave England control of more land in North America.

Colonial Governments

• King James II – wants more control of English government & colonies • Dominion of New England 1686 – United northern colonies under one government • Parliament replaced King James II –

English Bill of Rights

in 1689 • Colonies: new assemblies and charters and could elect their own representatives.

Governments

• Each English colony had its own • given power by a charter • The English monarch had ultimate authority

• Governor – head of the government.

– assisted by an advisory council.

• Some elected representatives • Virginia 1 st in 1619.

colonial legislature

Governors and Legislatures

•

Town meeting

– People talked about and decided on issues of local interest • Colonial courts – reflected the beliefs of their communities – used to control local affairs.

English Trade Laws

• Practiced mercantilism: – a system of creating and maintaining wealth through controlled trade.

• Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to limit colonial trade.

• Colonies complained about trade restrictions

Colonial Trade

•

Triangular Trade

– system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Great Britain, and Africa.

•

Middle Passage

– Terrible conditions caused thousands of captives to die on slave ships.

Great Awakening

• Religious leaders wanted to spread religious feelings.

•

The Great Awakening

– a religious movement that swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s — changed religion.

• Revivals became popular – political and social issues

Enlightenment

• Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that reason could improve society.

• Formed ideas on how government should work.

• People had natural rights such as equality and liberty.

• Influenced colonial leaders.

French and Indian War

Native American Allies

• Some allied with the colonists in King Philip’s War.

• The French traded and allied with the Algonquian and Huron.

• The English allied with the Iroquois League.

War Erupts

• France and Britain want control of North America in the late 1600s.

• The French and Indian War (Seven Years War) started in 1754.

• Turning point – British capture Quebec in 1759.

Treaty of Paris;

1763 • British gain most of North America • French influence in are is damaged

Western Frontier

• Most had been made along the Atlantic coast.

• Began to move west after the war.

• Indians led by Chief

Pontiac

rebelled against new British settlements in 1763.

• Proclamation of 1763 – Banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Crash Course French and Indian War – 3.4 Life in the English Colonies Worksheet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=5vKGU3aEGss&feature=youtu.b

e

3.5 Conflict in the Colonies – The Big Ideas!

• British efforts to raise taxes on colonists sparked protest • The Boston Massacre caused colonial resentment toward Great Britain • Colonists protested the British tax on tea with the Boston Tea Party • Great Britain responded to colonial actions by passing the Intolerable Acts

Sugar Act 1764

• • Sugar Act – tax colonists to make them help pay costs of war – End smuggling from West Indies – Monopoly of market to British • No Taxation Without Representation

Samuel Adams

– Committees of Correspondence - Trying to round up anger

Stamp Act of 1765

• official stamp, or seal, on purchase of paper goods • Help pay the cost of protecting American Frontier • Hated because it set a standard – before taxes for regulating trade; now used for raising money without colonial legislative approval • Immediate protests - Sons of Liberty sometimes used violence • Stamp Act Congress of 1765 declared the tax a violation of colonial rights • Repealed in 1766

Townshend Acts of 1767

• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea • Boycotts • Sons of Liberty attacked customs houses • British troops sent in 1768

The Boston Massacre

• • British troops sent there to keep citizens in line/pay taxes • Crowd forms after British soldier struck a colonist on March 5, 1770 • Soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 3, including Crispus Attucks • Led to more resentment against British – reported and used to stir up hate for British https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=-K2UgQFRr38 Re-enactment video

The Boston Tea Party

• • Colonial merchants smuggled tea to avoid paying the British tea tax – basically un inforced taxes by British

Tea Act

in 1773 – allowed British East India Company to sell cheap tea to the colonists – Effectively a monopoly by British • On December 16, 1773 –

Boston Tea Party

–

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-story behind-the-boston-tea-party-ben labaree EDTalk video

•

The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774

Boston Harbor closed until Tea Party damages money paid • • • • Massachusetts's charter canceled Royal officials accused of crimes sent to Great Britain for trial Quartering Act – furnish supplies/barracks/etc. to British troops Quebec Act – extend Canadian border to cut off Mass, VA, and Conn ALSO - General Thomas Gage made new governor of Massachusetts