Transcript 3.3 The Middle Colonies
3.3 The Middle Colonies
• The English created New York and New Jersey from former Dutch territory. • William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania.
• The economy of the middle colonies was supported by trade and staple crops.
New York
• Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur trading post.
• New Amsterdam – center of fur trade.
•
Peter Stuyvesant
the colony from 1647 1664.
led • English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it New York.
New Jersey
• English took control in 1664.
• Between the Hudson and Delaware rivers.
• Diverse population – Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.
Penn’s Colony
•
Quakers
– A.K.A. Society of Friends – one of largest religious groups in New Jersey.
– supported nonviolence and religious tolerance •
William Penn
– founded Pennsylvania – safe home for Quakers – Penn limited his power, established an elected assembly, and promised religious freedom to all Christians
Economy of the Middle Colonies
• Good climate and rich soil –
staple crops:
• crops that are always needed • wheat, barley, and oats • indentured servants were a larger source of labor.
• Trade to Britain and the West Indies important to economy of middle colonies.
Women in the Middle Colonies
• Ran farms and businesses – Examples: clothing stores, drugstores, and bakeries.
• Some were nurses and midwives.
• Most worked primarily in the home.
• Married women managed households and raised children.
3.4 Life in the English Colonies
• Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
• English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
• The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality among many colonists.
• The French and Indian War gave England control of more land in North America.
Colonial Governments
• King James II – wants more control of English government & colonies • Dominion of New England 1686 – United northern colonies under one government • Parliament replaced King James II –
English Bill of Rights
in 1689 • Colonies: new assemblies and charters and could elect their own representatives.
Governments
• Each English colony had its own • given power by a charter • The English monarch had ultimate authority
• Governor – head of the government.
– assisted by an advisory council.
• Some elected representatives • Virginia 1 st in 1619.
colonial legislature
Governors and Legislatures
•
Town meeting
– People talked about and decided on issues of local interest • Colonial courts – reflected the beliefs of their communities – used to control local affairs.
English Trade Laws
• Practiced mercantilism: – a system of creating and maintaining wealth through controlled trade.
• Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to limit colonial trade.
• Colonies complained about trade restrictions
Colonial Trade
•
Triangular Trade
– system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Great Britain, and Africa.
•
Middle Passage
– Terrible conditions caused thousands of captives to die on slave ships.
Great Awakening
• Religious leaders wanted to spread religious feelings.
•
The Great Awakening
– a religious movement that swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s — changed religion.
• Revivals became popular – political and social issues
Enlightenment
• Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that reason could improve society.
• Formed ideas on how government should work.
• People had natural rights such as equality and liberty.
• Influenced colonial leaders.
French and Indian War
Native American Allies
• Some allied with the colonists in King Philip’s War.
• The French traded and allied with the Algonquian and Huron.
• The English allied with the Iroquois League.
War Erupts
• France and Britain want control of North America in the late 1600s.
• The French and Indian War (Seven Years War) started in 1754.
• Turning point – British capture Quebec in 1759.
Treaty of Paris;
1763 • British gain most of North America • French influence in are is damaged
Western Frontier
• Most had been made along the Atlantic coast.
• Began to move west after the war.
• Indians led by Chief
Pontiac
rebelled against new British settlements in 1763.
• Proclamation of 1763 – Banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Crash Course French and Indian War – 3.4 Life in the English Colonies Worksheet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=5vKGU3aEGss&feature=youtu.b
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3.5 Conflict in the Colonies – The Big Ideas!
• British efforts to raise taxes on colonists sparked protest • The Boston Massacre caused colonial resentment toward Great Britain • Colonists protested the British tax on tea with the Boston Tea Party • Great Britain responded to colonial actions by passing the Intolerable Acts
Sugar Act 1764
• • Sugar Act – tax colonists to make them help pay costs of war – End smuggling from West Indies – Monopoly of market to British • No Taxation Without Representation
Samuel Adams
– Committees of Correspondence - Trying to round up anger
Stamp Act of 1765
• official stamp, or seal, on purchase of paper goods • Help pay the cost of protecting American Frontier • Hated because it set a standard – before taxes for regulating trade; now used for raising money without colonial legislative approval • Immediate protests - Sons of Liberty sometimes used violence • Stamp Act Congress of 1765 declared the tax a violation of colonial rights • Repealed in 1766
Townshend Acts of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea • Boycotts • Sons of Liberty attacked customs houses • British troops sent in 1768
The Boston Massacre
• • British troops sent there to keep citizens in line/pay taxes • Crowd forms after British soldier struck a colonist on March 5, 1770 • Soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 3, including Crispus Attucks • Led to more resentment against British – reported and used to stir up hate for British https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=-K2UgQFRr38 Re-enactment video
The Boston Tea Party
• • Colonial merchants smuggled tea to avoid paying the British tea tax – basically un inforced taxes by British
Tea Act
in 1773 – allowed British East India Company to sell cheap tea to the colonists – Effectively a monopoly by British • On December 16, 1773 –
Boston Tea Party
–
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-story behind-the-boston-tea-party-ben labaree EDTalk video
•
The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774
Boston Harbor closed until Tea Party damages money paid • • • • Massachusetts's charter canceled Royal officials accused of crimes sent to Great Britain for trial Quartering Act – furnish supplies/barracks/etc. to British troops Quebec Act – extend Canadian border to cut off Mass, VA, and Conn ALSO - General Thomas Gage made new governor of Massachusetts