Transcript Emerging Technologies For Geotextiles(Geosynthetics) Quality creates value 1

Quality creates value
Emerging Technologies For
Geotextiles(Geosynthetics)
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Quality creates value
Technical Textiles
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Quality creates value
Global market scenario for geosynthetics
 Global market has grown to US$ 3000 Million in 2009
 Global growth of geosyntethics is estimated by 5%
 Geosyntethics account for 0,8% of the total technical
textile segment
India
 Geotextiles market is approx. RS. 226 crores
 Rs. 105 crores imported production
 RS. 121 crores domestic production
 expected growth is 12%, on long term up to 20%
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Geosynthetics
 Geosynthetics is a generic term that is used to describe a
product with at least one component manufactured of
synthetic or natural polymer ,for use with soil, rock or other
materials used in public works projects.
 Types of geosynthetics
 Geogrid
 Geotextile
 Geocomposite
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Geosynthetics - Functions
 Reinforcement-Improving mechanical properties of soil
 Separation-Long term functionality of all structural layers
is provided by the use of geosynthetic material between
two dissimilar geotechnical materials to prevent mixing.
 (Such requirement is there for roads & railways)
 Erosion control-To prevent the surface erosion of soil
particles because of water/wind forces.
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Geosynthetics - Applications
Reinforcement Basal Reinforcement/Ground stabilisation--Use of geosynthetic material for improvement of load
bearing capacity.Geosynhetic materials are utilised to balance eneven settling,absorb loading
forces & reduce the thickness of expensive coarse grained material.
Supporting structures -Retaining walls & Bridge Abutments –While constructing supporting structures
or steep embankments of soil, shear strength of which would be exceeded in normal
circumstances. It is possible to achieve the required safety using horizontal reinforcement of
embankment layers with geosynthetic material(geogrid or geotextile)
The face wall can be made of Concrete elements ( prefabricated blocks, panels).
It can also be made as a Soft Face ( by wrapped-around method).
Asphalt reinforcement-Asphalt layers have low strength,Glassgrids or geocomposites are used to
increase the strength of the asphalt layer & ensure its uniform distribution in larger areas.
They prevent formation & sprading of reflex cracks by absorption of shear forces.
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Geogrid
 GEOGRIDS are geosynthetics formed by a regular network of
integrally connected elements with apertures greater than 10mm to
100mm to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth and
other surrounding materials to function primarily as reinforcement
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Geogrids: woven grids for the use in roads, dams,
railways…
A wide spectrum of
manmade fibers and
natural fibers
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Geogrids - Functions
1. Soil reinforcement
They are used primarily for soil reinforcement. Their strength can be
greater than the more common geotextiles. Geogrids have a low strain and
stretch only about 2 to 5% under load.
The most important characteristics of geogrids are high water drainage
combined with exceptional mechanical strength and long term creep
resistance.
2. Soil stabilization
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Geogrids - Applications
 Soil reinforcements in embankments and walls
 Subgrade stabilization
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Uniaxial Geogrids - Applications
segmental block retaining walls, slope
reinforcement, pile cap platforms and
base reinforcement applications such
as roads, car parks and rail line
construction.
Biaxial Geogrids - Applications
Equipped with dual directional strength combined
with the interlocking system, Merex BL products
are specially designed for foundation applications.
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Geogrids - Applications
Biaxial Geogrid – Sub-grade Stabilisation
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Geogrids - Applications
Biaxial Geogrid – Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation
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Geogrids are open mesh but also closed
constructions
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Geogrids - Applications
Biaxial Geogrid – Installation of Geogrid at balast level
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Glassgrid-A type of Geogrid
The GlassGrid® Pavement Reinforcement System provides
additional support to resist the migration of reflective cracks in
pavement structures.
Cracks migrate toward surface
in unreinforced overlay.
Cracks are redirected in
GlassGrid reinforced overlay.
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Glassgrid
 Glassgrid is an exceptionally strong reinforcing material specially developed
for pavements.
 It consists of glass fibre strands arranged in a grid structure and covered with
a polymer coating and a pressure sensitive adhesive.
 Each strand has a remarkably high tensile strength and high modulus of
elasticity at low elongation.
 This combination of outstanding tensile strength and high modulus makes
Glasgrid actually stronger than steel.
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Geotextile
 Geotextiles form one of the two largest group of
Geosynthetics.
 They are textiles in the traditional sense, but consist of
natural fibers like jute, coir or synthetic fibers depending
on the requirement, mainly whether biodegradation is
desired or not.
 These are fabric or cloth-like materials that are classified
based on the method used to manufacture the fabric:
either woven or non-woven.
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Geotextile - types
Woven monofilament
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Geotextile - types
Woven multifilament
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Geotextile - types
Woven Slit film
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Geotextile
Woven Geotextile:
 Woven construction produces geotextiles with high strengths and moduli
in the warp and fill directions and low elongations at rupture.
 Woven construction produces geotextiles with a simple pore structure and
narrow range of pore sizes or openings between fibers.
 Woven geotextiles are commonly plain woven, but are sometimes made by
twill weave or leno weave (a very open type of weave).
 Woven geotextiles can be composed of monofilaments or multifilament
yarns made up of PE,PVA,PP or natural textile material.
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Tensile strength kN/m
Geotextiles: Mass per unit area Fabric in comparison with nonwovens
up to 5x higher
Source: material report
Hochschule Rapperswil
Mass per unit area g/m²
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Tensile strength kN/m
Geotextiles: Elongation Fabric in comparison with nonwovens
Mass per unit area
Fabric
of 200 g/m²
Thermally bonded
nonwoven PP
Needle punched
nonwoven PES
Needle punched
nonwoven PP
Elongation %
Source: material report
Hochschule Rapperswil
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Geotextile - Applications
Separation
Reinforcement
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Geotubes -Main Applications
 Dewatering solutions
 Geotubes used in artificial Island projects
 Shoreline (Coastal) protection
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Geotubes
 Dewatering
Solution
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DORNIER weaving machines can
contribute to an efficient production of
various types of geosynthetics.
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Geogrids in closed and open constructions ...
... used for
geotextile
and
agriculture
purposes
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Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier
machines
..offers stress- free
insertion for all
kinds of yarns
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Positive weft yarn handling through the entire weft
insertion
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No guiding elements in the shed
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Open shed insertion system
DORNIER
unique open shed
insertion guarantees
equal weft tension
over the full fabric
width, minimum
friction between warp
and weft
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Main parameters for Geogrids
PP, PES, Glass, Jute, …
material
tensile strength
mesh size
40 – 400 kN/m and more
10x10 mm
19x28 mm
31x31 mm
…
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Example for Geogrid-Specification
material
mesh size
tensile strength
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Example for Geogrid-Construction
x mm
Web size in weft direction
Web size is not
fixed in
specification!
Mesh size
20 x 20 mm
Web size in warp direction
x mm
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Example for Geogrid-Calculation
1. Requested tensile strength of e.g.
2. Requested textile type PET (Polyester high tenacity)
3. Search for fiber type with high tensile strength e.g.
4. Search for standard yarn-types with parameters e.g.
5. Evaluation of the yarn tensile strength e.g.
6. Evaluation of number of threads e.g
7. Addition of 10% more threads for loss in production
8. Requested mesh size of e.g.
9. Preestimated width of the web size
10. Evaluation of number of meshes per meter here e.g.
11. Evaluation of number of threads per mesh here e.g.
12. Evaluation of the yarn-diameter here e.g.
13. Exspected Web-size in warp-direction here e.g.
14. With different patterns the web size can be influenced
109 kN/m
82.5 cN/tex
1100 dtex
0.088 kN
1239
1362
20 x 20 mm
9 mm
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0.337 mm
9.1 mm
2200 dtex
0.176 kN
619
681
6 mm
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0.477 mm
6.7 mm
End of the first run!
Second run! Pos. 9 - 13
Adjustment of the proportion of mesh-size and web-size.
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Geogrid-Construction
14 weft threads in
double weft insertion
(7 picks)
7 mm
Tolerance in
mesh size +/- 3 mm
14 warp threads
Web size in weft direction
Mesh size
20 x 20 mm
Web size in warp direction
6 mm
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Geogrid made with Leno
leno thread
face side
reverse side
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Online coating procedure on DORNIER rapier
machines
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Coating-material as online coating is required in most
cases
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PVC
Bitumen
Latex
Plastisol
Silicon
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Glass fabric woven on DORNIER rapier or airjet
machines
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Reinforcements for facades – Glass roving 68 to 600
tex
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Today and furture markets / building industry
 reinforcement and repair of
concrete components
silos / tanks
bridges / highway lanes
tunnels / tubes
 Delicate structures and elements
of facades
 Vibration damping
 Explosion protection /
earthquake protection
Reinforcement of concrete support structures with carbon grid fabrics and UD structures
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Composition of glass yarn fabrics ...
... used as
wall paper fireresistand
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Producers:
Hüsker (D)
Propex (D)
Synteen/Lückenhaus (D)
Edilfloor (I)
Low & Bonar (GB) (MehlerTexnologies gehört L&B)
TenCate (NL)
Kordarna (CZ)
Stradom (PL)
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DORNIER weaving machines are the most reliable
instruments having the widest potential for the
production of technical fabrics
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