Transcript Document 7135040
MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Defining Health and Wellness
WELL-BEING
A state of health and wellness.
People in a state of well-being.
Feel good about their present condition Are productive at school, work, and home Do not have mental and physical illnesses
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS Wellness is a balance of dimensions:
Physical Emotional Intellectual Social
These dimensions interact with and affect each other.
PHYSICAL HEALTH
•
Refers to how well your body functions
•
Qualities of a healthy body
Not slowed by disease Able to take part in activities of daily life Able to cope with stress, injury, and aging
EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Emotional health includes:
Your mood and how you feel about yourself How you view the world
Good emotional health means:
You are not affected by mental illness You can express thoughts and feelings clearly You can cope well with stress
Many teens experience problems with emotional health but may not realize it.
INTELLECTUAL HEALTH
Intellectual health involves:
Ability to think clearly and critically Ability to learn and solve problems
People who are intellectually healthy are able to adapt, learn, and grow.
SOCIAL HEALTH
Social health involves:
Communication skills Relationships Ability to interact with others
Social skills and healthy relationships help people enjoy life and meet challenges.
A CONTINUUM OF HEALTH
The range of a person’s health status can be described as a continuum. IDeally, health status should be near optimal health.
Diseases and disorders can affect the mind and body, preventing optimal health.
1. What are some examples of factors that increase health and wellness?
Avoiding smoking, drinking, and drugs
Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly
2. What are some examples of factors that reduce health and wellness?
Not getting enough sleep
Inability to manage stress
Communication
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
I-message:
expresses your feelings or thoughts on a subject.
You-message
is a statement that blames or shames another person.
LISTENING SKILLS
Active listening
is the way you respond in conversation to show that you hear and understand what the speaker is saying.
Active listening includes clarifying, restating, summarizing, or affirming what was said.
ENVIRONMENT
•
Positive Social-Emotional
exists when you receive plenty of social emotional boosters. •
Negative Social-Emotional Environment
pollutants. exists when you experience too many social-emotional •
Resiliency:
Able to bounce back
DECISION-MAKING The decision-making process can help you make choices about health and wellness.
1. 2.
•Define the problem •Explore alternatives • Setting health-related goals is important for improving your health 3.
4.
•Select the best option •Act on your decision 5.
•Evaluate the decision
Inactive Decision-Making Style
• A person who has an inactive decision making style fails to make choices • Teens who use this style have difficulty gaining the self-confidence that would result if they took responsibility for making decisions when they should
Reactive Decision-Making Style
• •
Reactive decision-making style is a habit in which a person allows others to make his or her decisions .
Teens using this style are easily influenced by what others think and give control of the direction of their lives to others.
• •
Proactive Decision-Making Style
The proactive decision-making style when a person describes the situation that requires a decision, identifies and evaluates possible decisions, makes a decision, and takes responsibility for the outcome.
Teens who use this style are not driven by circumstances and conditions, have principles, and are empowered.
MAKING SENSE OF YOUR EMOTIONS
EMOTIONAL HEALTH
Emotions are the moods or feelings you experience.
Figuring out which emotions you feel and why can be difficult.
Both pleasant and unpleasant emotions are part of daily life.
MANAGING EMOTIONS
First, identify the emotions you are feeling.
Second, try to acknowledge and accept the emotions.
Third, express your emotions.
Finally, find a way to make yourself feel better.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
People with high emotional intelligence can identify the emotions they are feeling.
They also understand the emotions of others.
They have high levels of empathy.
They are able to express their emotions in healthy, positive ways.
SELF-IMAGE
Your self-image is your mental picture of yourself.
Your appearance Your skills and abilities Your weaknesses
Your self-image forms gradually over time.
It is influenced by your life experiences.
SELF-ESTEEM
Self-esteem describes how you feel about yourself.
People who like themselves have high self-esteem.
People who have low self-esteem doubt their own self-worth.
WHY SELF-ESTEEM MATTERS
Your self-esteem has a major impact on different aspects of your life
How well you do in school How easily you make friends How you manage disappointments and frustrations
CRITICAL THINKING
Self-Esteem Group Activity
What are some characteristics that people with high self-esteem have? What are some characteristics that people with low self-esteem have?
FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-ESTEEM Many factors can affect self-esteem:
Social interactions Home, school, and cultural environments Life events Media (television, books, and movies) Body image Personal perceptions
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Self-actualization is the feeling that you are becoming the best person you can be.
According to psychologist Abraham Maslow, self actualization occurs only after you meet your basic needs.
Self-Actualization Esteem Love and Acceptance Security Basic Needs
GOOD MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH People with good mental and emotional health share certain traits:
Having a zest for life Being responsible Keeping a sense of balance Being trustworthy, respectful, compassionate, and kind Demonstrating good citizenship
IMPROVING MENTAL HEALTH
Strategies you can use to help improve your mental and emotional health
Spend time in nature Develop strategies for reducing stress Set and work toward goals Have fun Focus on the good, not the bad Maintain close relationships
CRITICAL THINKING
Relationships
Why do you think maintaining close relationships with other people is important for good mental and emotional health?
IMPROVING PHYSICAL HEALTH Improving your physical health will lead to better mental and emotional well-being Follow these strategies
Get adequate sleep Practice good nutrition Get plenty of physical activity Avoid risky behaviors
IMPROVING INTELLECTUAL HEALTH There are many ways you can work on improving your intellectual health including:
Make good decisions Develop new skills and interests Play games Read a book for pleasure
Think Further!
Why is developing new skills and interests important for good mental and emotional health?
What are some activities you can do to explore new talents or interests?
GET HELP WHEN YOU NEED IT
Some people may make a real effort to improve their mental and emotional health but still do not feel better.
These people should consider getting help from a counselor or other mental health professional.
ANXIETY
Symptoms of anxiety include:
Increased heart rate Rapid breathing Sweaty palms Upset stomach
People who experience these symptoms on a regular basis may have an anxiety disorder.
Stress: Response of the body to the demands of daily living. (physical & mental) Stressor: Cause or source of stress Eustress: Good stress Distress: Bad stress
STRESS MAY BE ……
Acute (sudden and short-lived) or chronic (lasting over a long time period)
Caused by major events or daily struggles
Positive as well as negative
ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC STRESS Acute stress is temporary (example: a final exam) Chronic stress is continual (example: stress over an unsafe neighborhood) The body can manage acute stress, but chronic stress harms the body
• •
MIND-BODY CONNECTION
The relationship between a person’s thoughts, emotions, and bodily responses.
•
Can trigger psychosomatic diseases Psychosomatic diseases illness or disorder caused by an emotional response.
MAJOR EVENTS VERSUS DAILY HASSLES Major events (moving, a parent’s death) are the most stressful in a person’s life Daily hassles (being late, losing keys) create more overall stress since they occur frequently
How can stress be positive as well as negative?
Stress can produce positive feelings, such as excitement before a big game or motivation to do well on a test. Positive events, such as the birth of a sibling, can cause stress because they increase responsibilities.
Why is it possible for two people to have completely different responses to the same stressful event?
People may have different perceptions of an event, interpreting or thinking about it in a different way.
SOURCES OF STRESS FOR TEENAGERS
Click here for the Unit 6 video, “Stressed Out”
Relationships (conflict with family, friends, and peers) School (academic pressure; balancing schoolwork with other activities) Home environment (crowded, noisy, lack of privacy; lack of food or money; crime in your neighborhood) Inner conflict (making difficult life choices)
STAGES OF STRESS
The body responds to stress in three stages:
Alarm Resistance Exhaustion shutterstock.com/Hans Kim
THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO STRESS Fight-or-flight response
Heart rate, blood flow, breathing, and sweat production increase Pupils widen Other body processes are stopped or slowed • Resisting stress over time leads to exhaustion
What are some infections or diseases that could be triggered by chronic stress?
Colds and flu Headaches Back pain Asthma Eczema and hives Hernias Ulcers Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Cancer
STRESS AND BODY SYSTEMS
Nervous system —the brain, sensing a threat, sends out signals to mobilize the body Endocrine system
norepinephrine
—produces stress hormones, epinephrine and Cardiovascular system —pumps blood at a faster rate Immune system —gets fewer resources to produce disease fighting lymphocytes Reproductive system —stress hormones such as cortisol cause sex hormones to decrease, reducing fertility
Stress and Your Intellectual and Emotional Health
STRESS AND COGNITIVE PROBLEMS Stress affects cognitive abilities (thinking and reasoning), leading to
Trouble focusing Risk of injury Negative thoughts Impulsive decisions Forgetfulness (stress hormones disrupt the
hippocampus —
the brain’s memory center)
STRESS AND EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS
Stress from combat can lead to post traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
Stress can cause many emotions: fear, anxiety, helplessness, anger, shock, or numbness Chronic stress can lead to depression, a feeling of low self-worth and disinterest in life Extremely stressful events can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
What are some symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD?
• •
Nightmares and recurring thoughts about the event Feeling detached, numb, uncaring, irritable, angry, or guilty
• • • • • •
Inability to remember parts of the event Lack of interest in normal activities Avoidance of people associated with the event Being easily startled Difficulty concentrating Difficulty sleeping
STRESS AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS Stress can lead to behavioral problems
Conflict (arguments and domestic violence) Unhealthy lifestyle choices (smoking, drinking, taking drugs, bad eating habits, infrequent exercise, lack of sleep)
Managing Stress
TIPS FOR REDUCING OR AVOIDING STRESS Manage time Set limits by saying no when too busy Stay positive Distract yourself Laugh Use relaxation techniques Take care of yourself Express feelings to a friend or in a journal
STAYING POSITIVE
Use positive reappraisal to focus on the positives of a stressful event Distract yourself —go for a walk, read, or volunteer Watch a funny movie or talk to a friend who makes you laugh
RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
Breathe deeply to decrease heart rate and blood pressure Visualize yourself in a peaceful environment Progressively relax muscles by tensing and relaxing each part of your body Meditate to clear your mind Practice yoga, a series of postures and breathing exercises
What are ways to take care of your body when you’re stressed?
Eat well Exercise regularly Get plenty of sleep Avoid smoking, drinking, and drugs
WHEN TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP Seek the help of a counselor, social worker, therapist, or psychologist
After experiencing major stress such as the death of a loved one or parents’ divorce When you’ve experienced stress for more than a couple of weeks
STUDENT STRESS RATING SCALE The following are events that occur in the life of a college student. Place a check in the left-hand column for each of those events that has happened to you during the last 12 months.
___ Death of a close family member - 100 points ____ Jail term - 80 points ____ Pregnancy (to you or caused by your) - 60 points ____ Severe personal illness or injury - 53 points ____ Marriage - 50 points ____ Any interpersonal problems - 45 points ____ Financial difficulties - 40 points ____ Death of a close friend - 40 points ____ Arguments with your roommate (more than every other day) - 40 points ____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’ ____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points ____ Change in living environment - 30 points ____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points ____Problems with your teacher-30
_ _ _ _ O U T S T A N D I N G P E R S O N A L A C H I E V E M E N T - 2 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ F A I L U R E I N S O M E C O U R S E - 2 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ F I N A L E X A M S - 2 0 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ I N C R E A S E D O R D E C R E A S E D D A T I N G - 2 0 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ C H A N G E S I N W O R K I N G C O N D I T I O N S - 2 0 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ C H A N G E I N Y O U R S L E E P I N G H A B I T S - 1 8 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ S E V E R A L - D A Y V A C A T I O N - 1 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ C H A N G E I N E A T I N G H A B I T S - 1 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ F A M I L Y R E U N I O N - 1 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ C H A N G E I N R E C R E A T I O N A L A C T I V I T I E S - 1 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ M I N O R I L L N E S S O R I N J U R Y - 1 5 P O I N T S _ _ _ _ M I N O R V I O L A T I O N S O F T H E L A W - 1 1 P O I N T S S C O R E : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
INTERPRETING YOUR SCORE
Less than 150 points : relatively low stress level in relation to life events 150 - 300 points : borderline range Greater than 300 points : high stress in relation to life events
DEPRESSION
Depression is a feeling of hopelessness, loneliness, and inability to care about anything Most people experience depression at some point in their lives, but the feelings typically go away over time Depression that lasts a long time or is especially severe is called major depression or clinical depression
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq u4ezLQEUA
Symptoms of Major Depression?
Extreme tiredness and lack of energy Difficulty sleeping Difficulty concentrating Irritability, anger, and hostility Recurrent thoughts of death
How is major depression different from typical feelings of loss and sadness?
Major depression is very intense and lasts for two weeks or more. People experience changes in thinking and behavior. If left untreated, it can have serious effects.
A mental disorder is a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.
Codependency – Tries to fix the problem, an enabler Enabler – Supports harmful behavior
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic disorder causes panic attacks (episodes of intense fear) Generalized anxiety disorder causes extreme or unrealistic worries over daily experiences Phobias are unrealistic fears about an object or situation (e.g., social phobia or social anxiety disorder) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes obsessive thoughts and behavior Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs after a terrifying event or experience
BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SCHIZOPHRENIA Bipolar disorder
Recurring depression alternating with control
mania,
a hyperactive mood with poor judgment, little need for sleep, and a lack of self-
Schizophrenia
A mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and irregular thoughts
People in the mania phase of bipolar disorder may show lack of self-control by overspending.
WHAT IS A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
A consistent pattern of inappropriate behavior
People with
antisocial personality disorder
disregard rules and are indifferent to other people’s rights and feelings People with
borderline personality disorder
have unstable self-
People with antisocial personality disorder may disregard the law and commit crimes.
esteem and relationships
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD) People with ASD have problems with normal interpersonal interactions Symptoms include
Avoiding eye contact Failing to respond when spoken to Engaging in repetitive motions or unusual behaviors Needing a familiar routine Using gestures inappropriately Having delayed language development
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS
ADD and ADHD are the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents Symptoms
Difficulty focusing, organizing and completing tasks, sitting still, and listening to instructions Becoming bored quickly
People with ADD/ADHD get bored quickly and struggle to pay attention.
Talking too much or blurting out inappropriate things
CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
The causes of most mental illnesses and disorders are unknown They may be caused by a combination of
Biological factors Environmental factors Psychological factors
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: GENETICS
Certain genes inherited from parents can give someone a genetic predisposition for mental illness, meaning they are more likely to develop that illness Genes influence the levels of chemicals in the brain
Low serotonin can cause depression People with high levels of dopamine may have schizophrenia
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: BRAIN INJURY Traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as a concussion results from a severe blow or jolt to the head that damages the brain Brain injuries can lead to temporary or permanent changes in the brain, including
Depression Anxiety Personality changes Aggression Substance abuse to control mood and pain
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: PRENATAL ENVIRONMENT Developing babies risk mental illness if the mother:
Uses alcohol or drugs Eats poorly Has stress or trauma Is exposed to a virus, toxins, or certain chemicals
Babies may also experience brain damage during a difficult birth A healthy environment during pregnancy may decrease a child’s risk of mental illness.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Mental disorders can be triggered by stressful events and experiences in a person’s environment
Death of a loved one Divorce Family conflict Financial pressures Moving or changing jobs or schools Abuse or neglect Substance abuse
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
Unhealthy thinking patterns, or cognitive distortions, can lead to mental disorders.
Examples include black-and- white thinking and
catastrophizing.
Changing these ways of thinking can improve mental health.
Therapy can help people change unhealthy thinking patterns, leading to improved mental health.
Understanding and Preventing Suicide Suicide: The taking of ones own life
WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT SUICIDE?
People consider suicide because they believe their life can never get better.
A mental illness such as depression is often the cause of these feelings.
It is important for people to get help if they are contemplating suicide.
RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE
• • • • • •
Past suicide attempts A history of mental illness or substance abuse Troubled home environment Crisis such as financial hardship Experience of abuse, neglect, or bullying Hearing about someone else who has committed suicide (this can lead to suicide
contagion
or
suicide clusters, in which others copy the behavior)
MYTH OR FACT?
Hearing about other people’s suicides may increase the risk for certain people to commit suicide.
Fact: Hearing about another person, even a stranger, who has committed suicide can lead certain people to copy the behavior. Copying of suicide attempts is known as
suicide contagion.
Fact: When a community or group experiences a series of suicides in a relatively short period of time, it is known as a
suicide cluster.
IMPACT OF SUICIDE ON OTHERS
Survivors who have lost a loved one to suicide may feel:
Guilt for not being able to prevent the death Abandonment and rejection Embarrassment or shame
Since others feel uncomfortable with the topic of suicide, survivors may not get the support they need.
JORDAN BURNHAM STORY / DEPRESSION & SUICIDE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfj3Suuk4Tk&safe=active