Transcript IE496 Industrial Engineering Internship Dr. Barnes

IE496
Industrial Engineering
Internship
Dr. Barnes
November 20, 2006
Lecture # 11
Students handing in rough drafts
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Abdella
Appelt
Cheng – outline
only
Drucker &
Trifunovski
Hanif
Jankowski
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Kotarski
Lee
Liong & Kaczmarski
Nasradinaj
Skerker
Tarrien
Vaidya
Widjaja
Groups with approved ethics
projects
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Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
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7
– both approved
– both approved
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- both approved
– four approved ?
– both approved
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The Future of
Engineering
Main Topics
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Technological Context of
Engineering Practice
Societal, Global, and Professional
Contexts of Engineering Practice
Aspirations for the Engineer of
2020
Attributes of Engineers in 2020
Technological Context of
Engineering Practice
Technological Change
 Breakthrough Technologies
 Technological Challenges
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Technological Change
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More change from 1900 to 2000 than
from all time before
Macroscopic → Microscopic →
Molecular → Atomic → Subatomic
Breakthrough Technologies
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Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Materials Science and Photonics
Information and Communications
Technology
The Information Explosion
Logistics
Biotechnology
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Technology based on biology, especially when
used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
The UN Convention on Biological Diversity has
come up with one of many definitions of
biotechnology:[1]
• "Biotechnology means any technological application that
uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives
thereof, to make or modify products or processes for
specific use."
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This definition is at odds with common usage in
the United States, where "biotechnology"
generally refers to recombinant DNA based
and/or tissue culture based processes that have
only been commercialized since the 1970s.
Biotechnology - continued
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Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the
designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures
through genomic manipulation.
White biotechnology, also known as grey biotechnology, is biotechnology applied
to industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a
useful chemical.
Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An
example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environmental
conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. One hope
is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions
than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant
to express a pesticide, thereby eliminating the need for external application of
pesticides. An example of this would be Bt corn. Whether or not green biotechnology
products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of
considerable debate.
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems
using computational techniques. The field is also often referred to as computational
biology. It plays a key role in various areas, such as functional genomics, structural
genomics, and proteomics, and forms a key component in the biotechnology and
pharmaceutical sector.
The term blue biotechnology has also been used to describe the marine and
aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.
What is Nanotechnology?
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Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions
of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel
applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and
technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and
manipulating matter at this length scale.
At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of
materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of
individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is
directed toward understanding and creating improved materials, devices,
and systems that exploit these new properties.
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One area of nanotechnology R&D is medicine. Medical researchers work at
the micro- and nano-scales to develop new drug delivery methods,
therapeutics and pharmaceuticals. For a bit of perspective, the diameter of
DNA, our genetic material, is in the 2.5 nanometer range, while red blood
cells are approximately 2.5 micrometers. Additional information about
nanoscale research in medicine is available from the National Institutes of
Health.
A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter; a sheet of paper is about 100,000
nanometers thick. See The Scale of Things for a comparative view of the
sizes of commonly known items and nanoscale particles.
Photonics
The science and technology of
generating, controlling, and detecting
photons, particularly in the visible
light and near infra-red spectrum.
Applications of Photonics
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Consumer Equipment: Barcode scanner, printer, CD/DVD/Blu-ray
devices, remote control devices
Telecommunications: Optical fiber communications
Medicine: correction of poor eyesight, laser surgery, surgical
endoscopy, tattoo removal
Industrial manufacturing: the use of lasers for welding, drilling,
cutting, and various kinds of surface modification
Construction: laser levelling, laser rangefinding, smart structures
Aviation: photonic gyroscopes lacking any moving parts
Military: IR sensors, command and control, navigation, search and
rescue, mine laying and detection
Entertainment: laser shows, beam effects, holographic art
Information processing
Metrology: time and frequency measurements, rangefinding
Photonic computing: clock distribution and communication
between computers, circuit boards, or within optoelectronic
integrated circuits; in the future: quantum computing
Technological Challenges
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Physical Infrastructures in Urban
Settings
Information and Communications
Infrastructures
The Environment
Technology for an Aging Population
Societal, Global, and
Professional Contexts of
Engineering Practice
Social Context
 Professional Context for Engineers of
the Future
 Implications for Engineering Education
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Social Context
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Population and Demographics
Health and Healthcare
The Youth Bulge and Security
Implications
The Accelerating Global Economy
Professional Context for Engineers
in the Future
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The Systems Perspective
• Working in Teams
• Complexity
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Customerization
Public Policy
Public Understanding of Engineering
Building on Past Successes and
Failures
Implications for Engineering
Education
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An Aging Population
The Global Economy
The Five- or Six-Year Professional Degree
Immigration and the Next Generation of
U.S. Engineering Students
Building on Past Successes and Failures
Education Research
Teamwork, Communication, and Public
Policy
Aspirations for the
Engineer of 2002
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Visions of the Committee
Visions of the Committee
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Our Image of the Profession
Engineering without Boundaries
Engineering a Sustainable Society
and World
Education of the Engineer of 2020
Our Image and the Profession
By 2020, we aspire to
 a public that will understand and
appreciate the profound impact of the
engineering profession on socio-cultural
systems, the full spectrum of career
opportunities accessible through an
engineering education, and the value of an
engineering education top engineers
working successfully in non-engineering
jobs.
Our Image and the Profession - continued
We aspire to
 a public that will recognize the union
of professionalism, technical
knowledge, social and historical
awareness, and traditions that serve
to make engineers competent to
address the world’s complex and
changing challenges.
Our Image and the Profession - continued
We aspire to
 engineers in 2020 who will remain well
grounded in the basics of mathematics
and science, and who will expand their
vision of design through solid grounding in
the humanities, social sciences, and
economics. Emphasis on the creative
process will allow more effective
leadership in the development and
application of next-generation
technologies to problems of the future.
Engineering without Boundaries
We aspire to
 an engineering profession that will rapidly
embrace the potentialities offered by
creativity, invention, and cross-disciplinary
fertilization to create and accommodate
new fields of endeavors, including those
that require openness to interdisciplinary
efforts with non-engineering disciplines
such as science, social science, and
business.
Engineering without Boundaries continued
By 2020 we aspire to
 engineers who will assume leadership
positions from which they can serve as
positive influences in the making of public
policy and in the administration of
government and industry.
 an engineering profession that will
effectively recruit, nurture, and welcome
underrepresented groups to its ranks.
Engineering a Sustainable Society
and World
It is our aspiration that
 engineers will continue to be leaders
in the movement toward use of wise,
informed, and economical
sustainable development. This
should begin in our educational
institutions and be founded in the
basic tenets of the engineering
profession and its actions.
Engineering a Sustainable Society and
World - continued
We aspire to a future where
 engineers are prepared to adapt to
changes in global forces and trends
and to ethically assist the world in
creating a balance in the standard of
living for developing and developed
countries alike.
Education of the Engineer of 2020
It is our aspiration that
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engineering educators and practicing engineers
together undertake a proactive effort to prepare
engineering education to address the technology
and societal challenges and opportunities of the
future. With appropriate thought and
consideration, and using new strategic planning
tools, we should reconstitute engineering
curricula and related educational programs to
prepare today’s engineers for the careers of the
future, with due recognition of the rapid pace of
change in the world and its intrinsic lack of
predictability.
Education of the Engineer of 2020 continued
Our aspiration is to
 shape the engineering curriculum for
2020 so as to be responsive to the
disparate learning styles of different
student populations and attractive for all
those seeking full and well-rounded
education that prepares a person for a
creative and productive life and positions
of leadership.
Attributes of Engineers
in 2020
Connections between
Engineering Past, Present,
and Future
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Guiding Principles
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The pace of technological innovation will
continue to be rapid (most likely
accelerating)
The world in which technology will be
deployed will be intensely globally
interconnected.
The population of individuals who are
involved with or affected by technology
(e.g., designers, manufacturers,
distributors, users) will be increasingly
diverse and multidisciplinary.
Guiding Principles - continued
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Social, cultural, political, and
economic forces will continue to
shape and affect success of
technological innovation.
The presence of technology in our
everyday lives will be seamless,
transparent, and more significant
than ever.
Connections between Engineering
Past, Present, and Future
Will
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require strong analytical skills
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exhibit practical ingenuity
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have creativity
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require good communication
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need to master principles of management and
business
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understand principles of leadership
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possess high ethical standards and strong
professionalism
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demonstrate dynamism, agility, resilience, and
flexibility
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be lifelong learners
Game
Let’s make a list of what you
believe will be the top
strategic technologies for the
year 2020.
Battelle
Battelle’s Technology Forecasts
http://www.battelle.org/forecasts/de
fault.stm
Battelle’s 2020 Strategic Technologies
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Genetic-based Medical and Health Care
High-power energy packages
GrinTech (Green Integrated Technology)
Omnipresent Computing
Nanomachines
Personalized Public Transportation
Designer Foods and Crops
Intelligent Goods and Appliances
Worldwide Inexpensive and Safe Water
Super Senses
Rising Above the Gathering
Storm – Energizing and
Employing America for a Brighter
Economic Future
A report from the National
Academy of Sciences, the National
Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine
Charge
U.S. Congress – what are the top
actions that federal policy-makers
could take to enhance the science
and technology enterprise so that
the United States can successfully
compete, prosper and be secure in
the global community of the 21st
Century?
Top Actions
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Increase America’s talent pool by vast
improving K – 12 science and
mathematics
Sustain and strengthen the nation’s
traditional commitment to long-term
basic research
Make the U.S. the most attractive setting
to study and perform research
Insure that the U.S. is the premier place
in the world to innovate
Info source
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The Engineer of 2020 – Visions of
Engineering in the New Century, National
Academy of Engineering, 2002.
The Battelle company, Columbus, Ohio
Rising Above the Gathering Storm,
National Academy of Sciences, National
Academy of Engineering, and Institute of
Medicine, 2005.
Wikipedia
Your ethics assignments are due
next week
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Four groups will present in our next
class – the other three the following
week.
All must submit their assignments
electronically by eob, November 27th.