Transcript Document 7114930

Unit 3 Review
Chapters 2-9 LEP
Chapters 1-7
AMSCO
Journey between Africa and New
World
20% death rate
Middle Passage
Colonial Period
2
Attempt by Puritans to enlarge church
membership in order to include those
faithful members who had not become one
of the “elect”
Half Way Covenant 1662
3
WHEN: (1739)
WHAT:
earliest known organized act of rebellion against
slavery
60 to 100 slaves
burned houses and killed whites
Get to Florida…Get Freedom
Sad ending…
RESULT:
Led to more strict slave codes
Stono Rebellion
Colonial Period
4
It was a theory of trade stressing that a
nation’s economic strength (more gold and
silver) depended on exporting more than it
imported. It manifested itself in triangular
trade and in laws passed between the mid1600s and the mid 1700s, such as the
Navigation Acts (1651-1673), aimed at
fostering British economic dominance.
•
Mercantilism
Colonial Period
5
The survival of the Jamestown
colony can be most directly
attributed to what??
Development of Tobacco
Colonial Period
6
This was the first genuine unified
movement of the American
colonies
First Great Awakening
Colonial Period
7
A leader of Protestant Reformation.
He believed in predestination (God
had already decided who was
saved).
John Calvin
Colonial Period
8
He differed from other Puritan ministers in
his emphasis on the individual’s private
religious conscience
Roger Williams
Colonial Period
9
Crops of southern colonies
(Chesapeake) – tobacco, (Carolina and
Georgia) – rice and indigo
Colonial Period
10
Describe how the Europeans
regarded Native Americans in the
1500s and 1600s
inferior subject to Christian domination
Colonial Period
11
It is often cited as the first example of
self-government in the Americas. The
Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far
north of the land that was rightfully
theirs, signed it to establish a “civil
body politic” under the sovereignty of
James I.
•
Mayflower Compact
Colonial Period
12
In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of
300 settlers in a war against the local
Native Americans. When Virginia’s royal
governor questioned his actions, he and his
men burned and looted Jamestown. It
showed the increasing hostility between
the poor and the wealthy in the
Chesapeake region.
•
Bacon’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
13
The trial of Peter Zenger in New York has
been considered an important step in the
development of what?
freedom of press
14
As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony,
he (1588-1649) was instrumental in
forming the colony’s government and
shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned
the colony, centered in present day
Boston, as a “city upon a hill” from which
Puritans would spread religious
righteousness throughout the world.
•
John Winthrop
Colonial Period
15
Formation of the Ohio Company
Desire of Massachusetts colonists to
clear the French out of Canada
Washington and Braddock’s attack on
Fort Duquesne
French exploration in the Great Lakes
French and Indian War
Colonial Period
16
System which granted parcels of
land consisting of about 50 acres to
colonists who brought indentured
servants into America. They were
used by the Virginia Company to
attract more colonists.
Headright System
Colonial Period
17
During the French and Indian War, this
was a plan by Ben Franklin calling for
colonial unity
Albany Plan
Colonial Period
18
Define as a person who wished to break
away from the impure Church of England
Separatist
Colonial Period
19
Winter of (1609-1610) – Settlers
didn’t farm so they were reduced
to eating “doggs, Catts, Ratts,
Myce” and each other
Numbers go from 400 - 60
Starving times
Colonial Period
20
Majority of people came to America in
colonial period for this reason
Seek economic gain
Colonial Period
21
This rebellion was a reaction to the
westward movement of English soldiers
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
22
*Delegates from different colonies held
a protest meeting in NY
*Sons of Liberty threatened tax officials
*Colonists boycotted British goods
*London merchants suffered from
reduction in trade
Stamp Act
AGE OF EXPLORATION
23
Parliament’s efforts to improve the
profits of the British East India
Company led to this extreme event
Boston Tea Party
Colonial Period
24
People have right to revolt against
tyranny
People have rights simply because
they are human
Sovereignty resides in the people
Fundamental purpose of govt is to
protect people’s rights
Enlightenment philosophy
Colonial Period
25
It was the ship that carried the Pilgrims
across the Atlantic from the Netherlands
to Plymouth Plantation in 1620 (the
Pilgrims had fled England to the
Netherlands before heading to the New
World).
•
Mayflower
Colonial Period
26
Colonists in the NE formed this in
1643 as a defense against local Native
American tribes and the encroaching
Dutch. The colonists formed the
alliance without the English crown’s
authorization.
•
New England Confederation
Colonial Period
27
This pamphlet dealt with arguments
for independence in mid 1770s
•
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Colonial Period
28
He was an English settler in Jamestown. He married
the daughter of the chief of the Native American
Powhatan tribe, Pocahontas, and introduced the
Jamestown colonists to West Indian tobacco in 1616.
Tobacco soon became the lifeblood of Jamestown
colony, bringing in much revenue and many
immigrants eager for a share in the colony’s
expanding wealth.
•
John Rolfe
Colonial Period
29
Passage of Intolerable Acts led to the
establishment of what political body in
colonial America?
First Continental Congress
30
An English Quaker, who founded
Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a
charter from King Charles II the year
before. He launched the colony as a “holy
experiment” based on religious tolerance.
•
William Penn
Colonial Period
31
Fishing rights off the coast of
Canada
British recognition of US
independence
Western Boundary on Mississippi
River
Treaty of Paris
Revolutionary America
32
Capitalized on the complaints of his
fellow poor farmers, and went on to
lead a rebellion against local native
villages, Successful in defeating Sir
William Berkley's forces, and then set
fire to Jamestown
Nathaniel Bacon
Colonial Period
33
Farmer’s revolt in Mass. Against collection
of state taxes
States refusing to honor Treaty of Paris
Worthless paper money printed in many
states
States restricting trade with one another
Dissatisfaction with Articles of Confederation
Colonial Period
34
A large estate where cash crops are
grown on a large scale (especially in
tropical areas) – THINK Southern
Colonies and West Indies
plantation
Colonial Period
35
Founded in 1636 by Thomas
Hooker because of previous
religious disagreements, it led to
st
the 1 written constitution in
North America (Fundamental
Orders).
Connecticut
Colonial Period
36
It was a time of religious fervor during the
1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in
reaction to the rise of skepticism and the
waning of religious faith brought about by the
Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held
revivals throughout the English colonies in
America, stressing the need for individuals to
repent and urging a personal understanding
of truth.
•
First Great Awakening
Colonial Period
37
Passed under the mercantilist system, they
(1651-1673) regulated trade in order to benefit
the British economy. They restricted trade
between England and its colonies to English or
colonial ships, required certain colonial goods
to pass through England before export,
provided subsidies for the production of certain
raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial
competition in large scale manufacturing.
•
Navigation Acts
Colonial Period
38
This group argued that the
Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights
Anti-Federalists
39
They were usually white adult males who bound
themselves to labor in the colonies for a fixed
number or years in order to secure their
freedom. Some immigrants came to the
colonies willingly, while others were criminals,
and still others were kidnapped or manipulated
into coming in order to remedy the severe
labor shortage in the colonies.
•
Indentured servitude
Colonial Period
40
Federalist Papers were written by
these men
Hamilton, Madison, Jay
41
He was an English explorer who
established England’s first American
colony in 1585. This settlement was
off the coast of North Carolina, on
Roanoke Island.
Sir Walter Raleigh
AGE OF EXPLORATION
42
This was added to the Constitution
protect individual liberties from the
power of the federal government
Bill of Rights
43
Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth
centuries, the English government did not enforce
those trade laws that most harmed the colonial
economy.
It’s purpose was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists
in the face of the French territorial and commercial
threat in North America. The English ceased
practicing it following British victory in the French and
Indian War.
•
Salutary neglect
Colonial Period
44
Fancy word for 2 house legislature
(this was a trend in colonial
government)?
bicameral
Colonial Period
45
To have a healthy one, a nation
should have more exports than
imports
Balance of Trade
Colonial Period
46
Under the Articles of
Confederation, sovereignty was in
the hands of the……
States
Colonial Period
47
Great example of an early JointStock Company (think about
Jamestown).
Virginia Company
Colonial Period
48
Name of the rebellion that
occurred under the government of
the Articles of Confederation
Shay’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
49
To make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other powers,
vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States
Elastic clause
50
Intolerable Acts led to this political
body
First Continental Congress
Colonial Period
51
Ideas of an englishman and
frenchman strongly influenced the
Constitution
John Locke and Montesquieu
Colonial Period
52
Europeans brought:
crops: wheat, rice, coffee, bananas, and olives; and animals:
horses, cows, pigs, and chickens
Diseases: yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria
Americas contributed:
crops: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, lima beans, squash, peanuts,
cassava, cacao, and pineapple
a virulent form of syphilis
Columbian Exchange
AGE OF EXPLORATION
53
Roger Williams started this colony in 1636 which had
total religious freedom and separation of church and
state.
Friendly to Native Americans
becomes most religiously and politically (liberal)
tolerant colony = DIVERSITY!
safe haven for unorthodox faiths?
Rhode Island
Colonial Period
54
During the debates on the
Constitution, agreement on the
respective powers of the House and
Senate and representation of House
and Senate
Great Compromise
55
A general term for any one of a group of
Spanish explorers in the New World who
sought to take control, establish
dominance, and prosper from the natural
resources, including gold. They established
a large empire stretching from Mexico to
Chile.
Conquistador
AGE OF EXPLORATION
56
Creation of U.S. bank
Collection of Federal excise tax on
whiskey
Payment of state debts by federal
government
Tariffs to protect infant U.S. industries
Hamilton’s financial programs
Early National Republic
57
He effectively saved Jamestown from
collapse in 1608, its first year of existence.
His initiatives to improve sanitation, to
organize farming, and to build shelters
dramatically lowered mortality rates
among Jamestown colonists.
John Smith
AGE OF EXPLORATION
58
The first English settlement in the New
World. It was off the coast of North
Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia
Dare, the first English child born on here.
The settlement failed, and no one knows
what became of the people who first
settled there.
Roanoke
AGE OF EXPLORATION
59
These resolutions were in response to
Alien and Sedition Acts. It stated that
states could nullify acts of Congress
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Early National Republic
60
He published articles critical of British
governor William Cosby. He was taken
to trial, but found not guilty.
The trial set a precedent for freedom
of the press in the colonies.
John Peter Zenger
Colonial Period
61
Established in Jamestown, Virginia, in
1619, is considered to be the first
representative government in the New
World. It consisted of 22
representatives from 11 districts of
colonists.
•
House of Burgesses
Colonial Period
62
In the absence of government funding, these
formed to accrue funding for colonization
through the sale of public shares. They
dominated English colonization throughout the
seventeenth century.
•
Joint-stock companies
Colonial Period
63
Set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony, it was a church system in
which each local church served as the
center of its own community. This
structure stood in contrast to the Church
of England, in which the single state church
held sway over all local churches.
•
Congregationalism
Colonial Period
64
A dissenter, he clashed with Massachusetts
Puritans over the issue of separation of
church and state. After being banished
from Massachusetts in 1636, he traveled
south, where he founded the colony of
Rhode Island, which granted full religious
freedom to its inhabitants.
•
Roger Williams
Colonial Period
65
Name for business under the mercantilist
system which linked England, its colonies in
North America, the West Indies, and Africa.
New England rum was shipped to Africa and
traded for slaves, who were brought to the
West Indies and traded for sugar and molasses,
which went back to New England.
•
Triangular Trade
Colonial Period
66
They were English Protestants who
would not accept allegiance in any
form to the Church of England.
Example: the Pilgrims, founded
Plymouth Plantation and went on to
other settlements in Rhode Island and
elsewhere in New England.
•
Separatists
Colonial Period
67
In 1692, several girls accused their
neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100
people were tried as witches, and 19
women and one man were executed.
Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually
helped stop the trials and executions.
Where did this occur?
•
Salem, Massachusetts
Colonial Period
68
They were a Protestant group aiming to “cleanse” the
Anglican Church. In the early 1600s, they suffered
religious persecution in England and emigrated to the
Americas. The first group of them established the
Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston. From Boston,
their influence in North America spread throughout
the region of New England and with it came a focus
on family life and a pious restraint of passion.
•
Puritans
Colonial Period
69
They were a group of English Separatists
who had originally sought refuge in the
Netherlands. In 1620, they sailed to
Plymouth on the Mayflower and established
the colony of Plymouth Plantation.
•
Pilgrims
Colonial Period
70
1st common experience of colonies
New protestant divisions grew:
(Baptists and Methodists)
New universities were created:
Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton
First Great Awakening - results
Colonial Period
71
Itinerant preacher, great speaker he
helped start the Great Awakening,
also a leader of the "New Lights."
George Whitefield
Colonial Period
72
Delivered famous “Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God” sermon
(1741) and is credited for starting
the First Great Awakening.
Jonathan Edwards
Colonial Period
73
English Political Party
favored changes (liberal)
wanted strong parliament
Whigs
Colonial Period
74
Started Maryland as a religious
haven for Catholics.
Lord Baltimore
Colonial Period
75
Believed in the power of one’s
“inner light” or that the power of
God resided in the soul of the
individual. They led to William
Penn’s “Holy Experiment”
Quakers
Colonial Period
76
A pilgrim that lived in a north
colony called Plymouth in 1620 and
was chosen governor 30 times.
William Bradford
Colonial Period
77
The Southern Colonies (names)?
Chesapeake (Virginia, Maryland), Carolinas, and Georgia
Colonial Period
78
King James II of England decreed
the creation of this as a measure to
enforce the Navigation Acts and to
coordinate the mutual defense of
colonies against the French and
hostile Native Americans.
Dominion of New England
Colonial Period
79
Large farming estates, large tracks
of land, popular in the south.
Plantation System
Colonial Period
80
“First constitution" in colonial
America, drafted by Thomas
Hooker (hint) and others; served as
a model for future constitutions;
power of government to come
from the people.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639
Colonial Period
81
He founded Connecticut in for
religious reasons (Massachusetts
bay was too strict). Led to the
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut!
Thomas Hooker
Colonial Period
82
To vote in a puritan church you had
to be a member of elect, to be an
member of the elect you had to
have this? You had to document
“this” to be a member of the
“elect”.
conversion experience
Colonial Period
83
This act was created because of the
fear that more Protestants would
come to Lord Baltimore’s colony, and
persecute the Catholics there. It
stated, if you believed in the divinity of
Jesus then you had religious freedom.
Maryland Act of Religious Toleration 1649
Colonial Period
84
Middle colonies consisted of? –
Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware
Colonial Period
85
Founder and governor of the
Georgia colony (a debtor colony
and buffer colony to protect the
Carolinas from raids from Spanish
Florida).
James Oglethorpe
Colonial Period
86
When King James II was dethroned and
replaced by King William of the
Netherlands, the colonists of New
York started this rebellion?
It represented the poor and working
class, resulting in class tension.
Leisler's Rebellion
Colonial Period
87
Puritans moved across the Atlantic
seeking religious freedom and a
new start (in large numbers during
the 1630s-1640s).
The Great Puritan Migration
Colonial Period
88
Mass Bay Colony (economy)
primarily consisted of?
Primarily fishing, shipbuilding and timber
Colonial Period
89
a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony who caused a schism in the
Puritan community. She was expelled
from the colony in 1637 and traveled
southward with a number of her
followers, establishing the settlement of
Portsmouth, Rhode Island.
•
Anne Hutchinson
Colonial Period
90
It applied to those members of the
Puritan colonies who were the children
of church members, but who hadn’t
achieved a “conversion experience”
themselves. It allowed them to
participate in some church affairs.
Halfway Covenant
Colonial Period
91
Indians who fought with Jamestown
colony, Pocahontas was one. John
Smith helped have friendly relations
with them?
Powhatans
Colonial Period
92
one of the strongest and longest
lasting Native American alliances
Nearly wiped out New France
Iroquois League/Confederation
Colonial Period
93
power to tax and spend public
money
power of the purse
Colonial Period
94
required that a man's real property
pass in its entirety to his oldest son
Primogeniture
Colonial Period
95
Founded by James Oglethorpe in
1733 as a debtors haven and also
served as a buffer state between
(rich) South Carolina and Spanish
Florida.
Georgia
Colonial Period
96
William Penn's title for his colony in
Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with
Indians, freedom of religion
“Holy Experiment”
Colonial Period
97
Unpopular governor ( harsh rule and
heavy taxes) of New Netherlands who
swore to defend the city, but the
colonists refused to help him. In the
end, he surrendered to the English
without firing a shot.
Peter Stuyvesant
Colonial Period
98
A colony settled in Virginia to make
money. It was the first permanent
English settlement. Founded in 1607
by the Virginia company (joint-stock
company)
Jamestown
Colonial Period
99
Daughter of Powhatan, member of
Powhatan tribe, saved captain John
Smith's life and married John Rolfe
(led to a time of peace between the
English and the Indians)
Pocahontas
Colonial Period
100
Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe
haven for Catholics, created the
Act of Religious Toleration (1949)
and had tobacco plantations?
Maryland
Colonial Period
101
Colony founded in 1620 by the
separatist Pilgrims who came over
on the Mayflower. Located on Cape
Cod in New England.
Plymouth
Colonial Period
102
Native American who had lived in
Europe and spoke English. He
helped the Pilgrims learn to fertilize
soil on their farms and establish
relations with Massasoit, a chief of
the Wampanoags
Squanto
Colonial Period
103
One of the first colonies in New
England; established in 1630 by
puritans. John Winthrop was first
governor and Boston was capital.
Brought lots of families and grew as a
result of the Great Puritan Migration?
Mass. Bay Colony
Colonial Period
104
a purely democratic form of government
common in the Middle and New England
colonies (especially New England)
voting population would meet once a year
to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws
EXAMLE OF SELF GOVERNMENT
Town meetings
Colonial Period
105
New England Colonies?
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,
New Hampshire
Colonial Period
106
Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Colonial Period
107
Southern Colonies
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia
Colonial Period
108
the oldest college in America
(1636), which reflected puritan
commitment to an educated
ministry
Harvard
Colonial Period
109
WHO:
Wampanoags and Narragansetts were angry about losing
more land to colonists.
WHAT:
tribes united to drive English off of land
RESULTS:
thousands died, many villages (52) burned
3,000 Native Americans, 1,000 colonists
last major attempt to stop colonial spread in New England
King Philip’s War
Colonial Period
110
English Political Party
favored little change (conservative)
favored powerful monarch
Tories
Colonial Period
111