Transcript Medical Informatics Basics Lection 1

Medical Informatics
Basics
Lection 1
Basic Questions
Medical Informatics Definition
Medical Informatics as the Scientific Area
Medical Informatics Areas
Aspects of the Medical Informatics fields
Clinical informatics
Biomedical informatics
Bioinformatics
Public health informatics
Nursing informatics
Dental informatics
Medical Cybernetics
Information Systems examples
1. Medical Informatics (A)
Medical information science is the science
of using system-analytic tools . . . to
develop procedures (algorithms) for
management, process control, decision
making and scientific analysis of medical
knowledge.
(E.H. Shortliffe, The science of biomedical computing.
Medical Informatics 1984;9:185-93.)
1. Medical Informatics (B)
Medical Informatics comprises the
theoretical and practical aspects of
information processing and
communication, based on knowledge and
experience derived from processes in
medicine and health care.
(J.H. van Bemmel, The structure of medical informatics.
Medical Informatics 1984;9:175-80.)
1. Medical Informatics (C)
In medical informatics we develop and
assess methods and systems for the
acquisition, processing, and interpretation
of patient data with the help of knowledge
that is obtained in scientific research.
(J.H. van Bemmel and M.A. Musen, Handbook of Medical
Informatics, Springer Verlag, 1997.)
1. Medical Informatics (D)
It is the intersection of information
science, computer science and health
care. It deals with the resources, devices
and methods required to optimize the
acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of
information in health and biomedicine.
(Wikipedia, 2008.)
1. The Informatics
Informatics (academic field), a broad
academic field encompassing human-computer
interaction, information science, information
technology, algorithms, and social science
– Computer science, the study of complex systems,
information and computation using applied
mathematics, electrical engineering and software
engineering techniques.
– Information science, the study of the processing,
management, and retrieval of information
Information technology, the study, design,
development, implementation, support, or
management of computer-based information
systems
1. Medical Informatics is
Multidisciplinary
It is applies methodologies developed in
multiple areas of scientific endeavor to
many different tasks
In turn, it often gives rise to new, more
general methodologies that enrich these
scientific disciplines
1. Medical Informatics is
Multidisciplinary
2. Example of Scientific Areas
Relevant to Medical Informatics
Medicine/ Biology
Mathematics
Information Systems
Computer Science
Statistics
Decision Analysis
Economics/Health Care Policy
Psychology
2. Example of Scientific Areas
Relevant to Medical Informatics
2. The Diagnostic-Therapeutic
Cycle, Simplified View
1.Data collection:
Data
-History
-Physical examinations
-Laboratory and other tests
2.Decision
making
Patient
Therapy plan
Information
3.Planning
Diagnosis/assessment
2. Levels of Automated Support
3. Examples of Medical Informatics Areas
Hospital information systems
– Electronic medical records & medical vocabularies
– Laboratory information systems
– Pharmaceutical information systems
– Radiological (imaging) information systems
– Patient monitoring systems
Clinical decision-support systems
– Diagnosis/interpretation
– Therapy/management
Bioinformatics: Closely related tasks/methods
3. Examples of Medical Informatics Areas
4. Aspects of the Medical Informatics fields
Architectures for electronic medical records and
other health information systems
Decision support systems in healthcare,
including clinical decision support systems
Standards (e.g. DICOM, HL7) and integration
profiles to facilitate the exchange of information
between healthcare information systems
Controlled medical vocabularies (CMVs) such as
the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine,
Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), used to allow a
standard, accurate exchange of data content
between systems
4. Aspects of the Medical Informatics fields
5. Clinical informatics
It is a sub-field of medical informatics.
It is a combination of information
science, computer science, and clinical
science designed to assist in the
management and processing of data,
information and knowledge to support the
practice and delivery of clinical care.
(Shortliffe and Perreault, Medical Informatics: Computing
applications in health care and biomedicine)
6. Biomedical informatics
It is concerned with the study and
application of information technology
and computer science as well as
decision making, human problem solving,
cognitive science, standards, policies, and
human factors in the practice of
biomedical science, medicine and
healthcare and is most commonly used in
this way in the USA.
7. Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics and computational
biology involve the use of techniques
including applied mathematics,
informatics, statistics, computer science,
artificial intelligence, chemistry, and
biochemistry to solve biological problems
usually on the molecular level.
8. Public Health Informatics
Public Health Informatics has been
defined as the systematic application of
information and computer science and
technology to public health practice,
research, and learning.
Major tasks:
Collection of public health data.
Storage of public health data.
Analysis of public health data.
9. Nursing informatics (A)
It is a specialty of Health care
informatics which deals with the support
of nursing by information systems in
delivery, documentation, administration
and evaluation of patient care and
prevention of diseases.
(Wikipedia, 2008)
9. Nursing informatics (B)
It is a specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and
information science to manage and
communicate data, information, and
knowledge in nursing practice.
(American Nurses Association's Scope and Standards
for Nursing Informatics Practice, 2006)
10. Dental informatics
Dental informatics is the application of computer
and information science to improve dental
practice, research, education and management.
It can be considered a subset of medical
informatics and biomedical informatics.
It improves patient care by improving efficiency
and effectiveness in different areas of a common
dental practice:
administration;
clinical care;
charting records;
patient education.
11. Medical Cybernetics
Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the
structure of complex systems, especially
communication processes, control mechanisms
and feedback principles. Cybernetics is closely
related to control theory and systems theory.
Concepts studied by cyberneticists include, but are not
limited to: learning, cognition, adaption, social
control, emergence, communication, efficiency,
efficacy and interconnectivity. These concepts are
studied by other subjects such as engineering and
biology, but in cybernetics these are removed from
the context of the individual organism or device.
11. Medical Cybernetics
Pure cybernetics studies systems of control as a concept,
attempting to discover the basic principles underlying
such things as:
Artificial intelligence
Robotics
Computer Vision
Control systems
Emergence
Learning organization
Computer science directly applies the concepts of
cybernetics to the control of devices and the analysis of
information.
Decision support system
Cellular automaton
Simulation
11. Medical Cybernetics
Cybernetics in biology is the study of cybernetic
systems present in biological organisms,
primarily focusing on how animals adapt to their
environment, and how information in the form of
genes is passed from generation to generation:
Bioengineering
Biocybernetics
Bionics
Homeostasis
Medical cybernetics
Synthetic Biology
11. Medical Cybernetics
Medical Cybernetics is a field of applied cybernetics
which utilizes the concepts of cybernetics to medical
research and practice. It covers an emerging working
program for the application of systems- and
communications-theory, connectionism and decision
theory on biomedical research and health related
questions. Topics:
Systems Theory in medical sciences (searching for
and modelling of physiological dynamics).
Medical information and Communication Theory
(mathematically describe signalling processes and
information storage in different physiological layers)
Connectionism (describe information processing in
neural networks)
Medical Decision Theory (gather evidence based
foundations for decision making in the clinical setting )
12. Information systems – example
Electronic health record (EHR) with image and document links.
12. Information systems – example
Sample patient record view from an image-based electronic health record
(VistA).
12. Information systems – example
12. Information systems – example
A PACS allows to store volumic exams and to reconstruct 3D
images
Conclusion
Medical Informatics Definition
Medical Informatics as the Scientific Area
Medical Informatics Areas
Aspects of the Medical Informatics fields
Clinical informatics
Biomedical informatics
Bioinformatics
Public health informatics
Nursing informatics
Dental informatics
Medical Cybernetics
Information Systems examples