Transcript Pre-Marksmanship Training 5/19/2016 SSG Rivera

Pre-Marksmanship
Training
5/19/2016
SSG Rivera
Purpose
Re-enforce previous training, discuss range
procedures, safety requirements,
equipment, marksmanship fundamentals
and answer any questions you may have
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Topics of Discussion
►Weapon
Description
►Pistol
Marksmanship
Fundamentals
►Firing Positions
►Alt. Course
Target
►“BRASS”
►Safety
Requirements
►Clearing a
weapon
►Uniform
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Weapon Description
►The M9 pistol is 9-mm, semiautomatic,
magazine fed, recoil-operation, doubleaction weapons chambered for the 9-mm
cartridge
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M9 Pistol
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M9 Pistol, components
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M9 Pistol, components
Front sight
Barrel
Chamber
Rear
Sight
Safety
Lever
Hammer
Slide
Slide release lever
Slide Lock
Trigger
Magazine
release button
Magazine
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wellRivera
M9 Pistol, Ammo
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WARNING!!!
Do not fire heavily corroded
or dented cartridges,
cartridges with loose
bullets, or any other rounds
detected as defective
through visual inspection.
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Pistol Marksmanship Fundamentals
►Grip
►Aiming
►Breath Control
►Trigger Squeeze
►Target Engagement
►Firing Positions
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Pistol Marksmanship Fundamentals
►A proper grip is one of the most
important fundamentals of quick fire.
The weapon must become an
extension of the hand and arm; it
should replace the finger in pointing at
an object. The firer must apply a firm,
uniform grip to the weapon.
►Example of pistol grips are as follows:
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Pistol Grips
One-hand Grip
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Pistol Grips
Fist Grip
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Pistol Grips
Palm Supported Grip
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Pistol Grips
Weaver Grip
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Pistol Grips
Isometric Tension: the firer raises his
arms to a firing position and applies
isometric tension. This is commonly
known as the push-pull method for
maintaining weapon stability. Isometric
tension is when the firer applies
forward pressure with the firing hand
and pulls rearward with the non-firing
hand with equal pressure.
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Isometric Tension,
cont.
This creates an isometric force but never so
much to cause the firer to tremble. This
steadies the weapon and reduces barrel rise
from recoil. The supporting arm is bent with
the elbow pulled downward. The firing arm
is fully extended with the elbow and wrist
locked. The firer must experiment to find
the right amount of isometric tension to
apply.
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Isometric Tension,
cont.
NOTE:
The firing hand should exert the
same pressure as the non-firing
hand. If it does not, a missed
target could result.
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Pistol Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
Aiming is sight alignment and sight
placement
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Aiming,
cont.
Sight alignment is the centering of the front
blade in the rear sight notch. The top of the
front sight is level with the top of the rear
sight and is in correct alignment with the eye.
For correct sight alignment, the firer must
center the front sight in the rear sight. He
raises or lowers the top of the front sight so it
is level with the top of the rear sight. Sight
alignment is essential for accuracy because of
the short sight radius of the pistol
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Aiming,
cont.
Sight placement is the positioning of the
weapon's sights in relation to the target as
seen by the firer when he aims the weapon
(Figure 2-5). A correct sight picture consists
of correct sight alignment with the front sight
placed center mass of the target. The eye can
focus on only one object at a time at different
distances. Therefore, the last focus of the eye
is always on the front sight.
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Aiming,
cont.
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Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
Breath Control: to attain accuracy, the firer must
learn to hold his breath properly at any time
during the breathing cycle. This must be done
while aiming and squeezing the trigger. While the
procedure is simple, it requires explanation,
demonstration, and supervised practice. To hold
his breath properly, the firer takes a breath, lets it
out, then inhales normally, lets a little out until
comfortable, holds, and then fires.
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Breath Control,
cont.
It is difficult to maintain a steady position
keeping the front sight at a precise aiming
point while breathing. Therefore, the firer
should be taught to inhale, then exhale
normally, and hold his breath at the
moment of the natural respiratory pause.
The shot must then be fired before he feels
any discomfort from not breathing.
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Breath Control,
cont.
Breath control for engaging single targets
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Breath Control,
cont.
Breath control while engagement of short-exposure targets
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Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
Trigger Squeeze: Improper trigger squeeze
causes more misses than any other step of
preparatory marksmanship. Poor shooting is
caused by the aim being disturbed before the
bullet leaves the barrel of the weapon. This is
usually the result of the firer jerking the trigger or
flinching. A slight off-center pressure of the trigger
finger on the trigger can cause the weapon to
move and disturb the firer's sight alignment.
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
Trigger squeeze is the independent movement of the
trigger finger in applying increasing pressure on
the trigger straight to the rear, without disturbing
the sight alignment until the weapon fires. The
trigger slack, or free play, is taken up first, and the
squeeze is continued steadily until the hammer
falls. If the trigger is squeezed properly, the firer
will not know exactly when the hammer will fall;
thus, he will not tend to flinch or heel, resulting in
a bad shot. Novice firers must be trained to
overcome the urge to anticipate recoil. Proper
application of the fundamentals will lower this
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tendency.
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
To apply correct trigger squeeze, the trigger finger
should contact the trigger between the tip of the
finger and the second joint (without touching the
weapon anywhere else). Where contact is made
depends on the length of the firer's trigger finger.
If pressure from the trigger finger is applied to the
right side of the trigger or weapon, the strike of
the bullet will be to the left. This is due to the
normal hinge action of the fingers. When the
fingers on the right hand are closed, as in
gripping, they hinge or pivot to the left, thereby
applying pressure to the left (with left-handed
firers, this action is to the right).
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
The firer must not apply pressure left or
right but should increase finger
pressure straight to the rear. Only the
trigger finger should perform this
action. Dry-fire training improves a
firer's ability to move the trigger finger
straight to the rear without cramping
or increasing pressure on the hand
grip.
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
►Single Action: locking the
hammer in the rear position, and
releasing the hammer with the
trigger squeeze.
►Double Action: moving the
hammer through it’s entire range of
motion by squeezing the trigger
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
NOTE: The trigger squeeze of the
pistol, when fired in the singleaction mode, is 5.50 pounds; when
fired in double-action mode, it is
12.33 pounds. The firer must be
aware of the mode in which he is
firing.
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WARNING!!!
The half-cocked position catches
the hammer and prevents it from
firing if the hammer is released
while manually cocking the
weapon. It is not to be used as a
safety position. The pistol will fire
from the half-cocked position if
the trigger is pulled.
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Firing Positions
Standing Position
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Firing Positions,
Kneeling Position
cont.
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Firing Positions,
Crouching Position
cont.
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Firing Positions,
cont.
Prone Position
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Alternate Course Target
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Remember “BRASS”
►Breathe: take a normal breath, let part of it out,
and lock the remainder in the lungs by closing the
throat
►Relax: relax the body muscles.
►Aim: take correct sight alignment and sight
picture, and focus the eye at the top of the front
sight
►Slack: take up the trigger slack
►Squeeze: squeeze the trigger straight to the rear
with steadily increasing pressure without
disturbing sight alignment until the hammer fall
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Safety Requirements
►Weapons should be considered loaded
at all times while on the range
►DO NOT point your weapon at anyone
►Keep weapon pointed “UP” and
“DOWNRANGE” at all times
►Do not touch your weapon while there
are personnel downrange
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Safety Requirements,
cont.
►No “horse playing”
►Any one can call “CEASE FIRE” if
an unsafe act is observed
►Do not load your weapon until
directed to do so
►Take all instructions from the RSO
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Clearing a Weapon
Place the weapon on SAFE by sliding
the safety lever down to the safe
position.
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Clearing a Weapon,
cont.
Remove the magazine be squeezing
the release button.
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Clearing a Weapon,
cont.
Observe the chamber by pulling
the slide to the rear.
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M16A2
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Topics of Discussion
►Weapon Description
►Marksmanship Fundamentals
►Mechanical Zero
►Sight Adjustment
►Shot Groups
►Safety precautions
►Clearing a Weapon
►Uniform requirements
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Weapon Description
►The M16-/M4-series weapons are
5.56-mm, magazine-fed, gas-operated,
air-cooled, shoulder-fired weapons.
These weapons can be fired in SemiAutomatic, 3 round burst or Fully
Automatic .
►It can fire ball, tracer, blank, SRTA and
dummy ammunition.
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M16A2
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M16 Series / M4, Ammo
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Marksmanship Fundamentals
►Steady Position
►Aiming
►Breath Control
►Trigger Squeeze
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Marksmanship Fundamentals
►Steady Position. When the soldier approaches
the firing line, he should assume a comfortable,
steady firing position. The time and supervision
each soldier has on the firing line are limited. He
must learn how to establish a steady position
during integrated act of dry-fire training (Figure 416). The firer is the best judge of the quality of his
position. If he can hold the front sight post steady
through the fall of the hammer, he has a good
position.
►The steady position elements are as follows:
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Steady Position
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Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
►Aiming. Having mastered the task
of holding the rifle steady, the
soldier must align the rifle with the
target in exactly the same way for
each firing. The firer is the final
judge as to where his eye is
focused.
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Aiming
,
Correct Sight Alignment
cont.
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Aiming,
Correct Sight Picture
cont.
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Aiming,
cont.
Side Aiming Technique
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Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
►Breath Control. As the firer’s skills
improve and as timed or multiple
targets are presented, he must learn to
control his breath at any part of the
breathing cycle.
►The firer must be aware of the rifle’s
movement (while sighted on a target)
as a result of breathing.
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Breath Control,
cont.
Breath control for engaging single targets
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Breath Control,
cont.
Breath control while engagement of short-exposure targets
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Marksmanship Fundamentals,
cont.
►Trigger Squeeze. A novice firer
can learn to place the rifle in a
steady position and to correctly aim
at the target if he follows the basic
principles. If the trigger is not
properly squeezed, the rifle will be
misaligned with the target at the
moment of firing.
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
►Rifle Movement. Trigger squeeze is important
for two reasons: First, any sudden movement of
the finger on the trigger can disturb the lay of the
rifle and cause the shot to miss the target.
Second, the precise instant of firing should be a
surprise to the soldier. The soldier’s natural reflex
to compensate for the noise and slight punch in
the shoulder can cause him to miss the target if he
knows the exact instant the rifle will fire. The
soldier usually tenses his shoulders when
expecting the rifle to fire. It is difficult to detect
since he does not realize he is flinching.
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Trigger Squeeze,
cont.
►Trigger Finger. The trigger finger (index
finger on the firing hand) is placed on the
trigger between the first joint and the tip of
the finger (not the extreme end) and
adjusted depending on hand size, grip, and
so on. The trigger finger must squeeze the
trigger to the rear so the hammer falls
without disturbing the lay of the rifle. When
a live round is fired, it is difficult to see what
effect trigger pull had on the lay of the rifle.
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Mechanical Zero
►Mechanically Zeroing the M16A2/A3.
Mechanically zeroing the weapon (Figure 25) is only necessary when the weapon zero
is questionable, the weapon is newly
assigned to the unit, or the weapon sights
have been serviced. If necessary, the soldier
should mechanically zero the weapon as
follows:
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Mechanical Zero,
cont.
►(a) Adjust the front sight post (1)
up or down until the base of the
front sight post is flush with the
front sight post housing (2).
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Mechanical Zero,
cont.
►(b) Adjust the elevation knob (3)
counterclockwise, as viewed from above,
until the rear sight assembly (4) rests
flush with the carrying handle and the 8/3
marking is aligned with the index line on
the left side of the carrying handle.
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Mechanical Zero,
cont.
►(c) Position the apertures (5) so the
unmarked aperture is up and the 0-200
meter aperture is down. Rotate the
windage knob (6) to align the index mark
on the 0-200 meter aperture with the long
center index line on the rear sight
assembly.
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Sight Adjustment,
cont.
Front Sight Post
“UP”
Shot group
“Down”
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Sight Adjustment,
cont.
►Windage is adjusted by
moving the rear sight
aperture “LEFT” or “Right”
►Do not confuse the windage
knob with the elevation knob
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Sight Adjustment,
cont.
►When adjusting elevation (front
sight), one square in your zero
target = one click on the sight
►When adjusting windage (rear
sight), one square in your zero
target = 3 clicks on the sight
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Shot Groups
Shot groups with no firer error
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Shot Groups,
Shot groups with firer error
cont.
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Alternate Course Target
Prone Supported –
4 Shots per target
Prone Unsupported –
4 Shots per target
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Safety Requirements
►Weapons should be considered loaded
at all times while on the range
►DO NOT point your weapon at anyone
►Keep weapon pointed “UP” and
“DOWNRANGE” at all times
►Do not touch your weapon it there are
personnel downrange
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Safety Requirements,
cont.
►No “horse playing”
►Any one can call “CEASE FIRE” if
an unsafe act is observed
►Do not load your weapon until
directed to do so
►Take all instructions from the RSO
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Clearing a Weapon
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Range
Orientation
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Clearing Barrel
Instructions
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Uniform Requirements
►Properly Fitted Helmet
►Load-Bearing Equipment
►Individual Body Armor
►Cold &/or Wet Weather Gear
(optional)
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Other Requirements
►Lunch
►Water
►Study Materials
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Review
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Hands-On
Training
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