525.6Kb - Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας

Transcript 525.6Kb - Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας

»
:O
2012
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ABSTRACT
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1
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1.1
10
1.2
13
1.3
16
1.4
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1.5
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1.5.1
19
1.5.2
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2
:
23
2.1
24
2.2
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2.2.1.
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2.2.2.
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2.3
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2.4
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3.1
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3.2
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3.3
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3.4
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3.5
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4.1
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4.2
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4.3
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4.4
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4.5
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6.1
6.2
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6.3
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6.4
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6.5
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6.6
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,
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Everard
Morris (1999)
:
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:
)
:
,
. )
:
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(Hoy &
Clover, 1986).
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125
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ABSTRACT
The present research examines the phenomenon of conflict in primary schools. In
particular, it attempts to explore the attitudes of teachers towards in-school conflict and the
factors affecting these attitudes. To investigate the attitudes of teachers towards conflict,
the Everard and Morris (1999) model was used, with its five-fold way of coping with
conflict: fighting, avoiding, smoothing, compromising, and problem solving. We have
proposed the following factors which influence teacher attitudes towards conflicts: a) at the
individual level: the competitive or cooperative profile of teachers, i.e. whether the
teachers rely on competition or collaboration. b) at the management-leadership level: the
leadership style, i.e. whether that leadership style affects attitudes towards conflict.
Regarding the investigation of the leadership style, the leadership behavior scale for the
school principal (Hoy & Clover, 1986) was used. This scale distinguishes leadership style
in three categories: the supportive, the directive and, finally, the restrictive style of
leadership.
The method uses a quantitative survey with self-report questionnaires which were
distributed electronically to teachers and schools in the prefecture of Magnesia. A sample
of 125 primary school teachers was obtained. Methods of descriptive statistics for the
presentation and description of numerical data as well as methods of statistical inference
were used for the analysis. The present investigation revealed the following results: The
cooperation emerges as the dominant feature of educators, over the competitiveness, and
seems to lead to the adoption of a dispute-solving attitude. Conversely, the competitive
profile of teachers is associated with the adoption of ‘avoiding’. The investigation also
shows that the leadership style affects conflict. The supportive leadership style is related to
‘smoothing’ and conflict resolution, while the other two leadership styles (restrictive,
directive) are related to the attitude of ‘avoiding’.
Keywords: conflict, competitiveness, cooperativeness, attitudes towards conflict,
leadership style
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(Everard & Morris, 1999: 119).
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(Everard & Morris, 1999 Thomas, 1992).
(
2006 T
2007 T
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2009).
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, 2004).
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1
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Oberschall (1978: 291),
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(Everard & Morris, 1999: 199
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, 2004: 7)
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1.1
(Deutsch, 1990
Pondy, 1967
Thomas, 1992).
,
,
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,
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, 2006: 1).
(1999: 12)
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…
,
,
».
«
.
»
Deutsch
,
.
,
«
,
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Deutsch.
Robbins (1978)
,
.
Mullins (1996: 723-725)
.
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«
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Everard
Morris (1999: 119),
«
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Walton (1969),
.
,
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,
Roloff (1987)
,
.
«
»
Oberschall (1978: 291)
«
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«
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Oberschall
(1967: 232),
Coser
«
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12
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(2007: 270)
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Rahim (2002: 207)
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(
, 2007: 273).
1.2
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Stoner (1989)
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:
.
Robbins (1993: 446)
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Rahim (2001)
Polychroniou (2008).
,
: )
(intraorganizational
conflict):
)
(interorganizational conflict),
. O Rahim (2001)
,
:
)
(intergroup conflict):
.
)
(intrapersonal conflict):
,
(2008),
,
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.
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(interpersonal conflict):
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(2007:273-274)
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(2006: 37-39)
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1.4
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1967
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, 2007)
(Pondy,
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1.
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,
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2.
.
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(
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, 2007: 277),
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3.
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, 2007: 277).
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(2001)
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(2007),
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(
1995 Goleman, 2000).
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(2007: 278), «
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:
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:
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(1996: 136).
,
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,
(
, 2007).
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18
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.
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(
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(
, 2007:
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1.5
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1.5.1
Rahim (2002)
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(Janis, 1985 Rahim, 2001
Rahim et al., 2002 Kantek & Gezer, 2009).
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(2001)
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2
:
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(
, 1994).
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Ball & Youdell,
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(2007: 46).
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Partanen (2011)
Samuli Paroni.
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2.1
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, 2008: 161).
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(2004: 55-56),
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2.2
2.2.1.
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Hoy
Miskel (
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(2008: 160)
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2.2.2.
26
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.
.
Schein (1985: 6),
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(2009: 38),
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2.3
,
,
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Hargreaves (
, 2007),
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(2004: 341-342),
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(2004: 347-348),
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.: 347),
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Hargreaves
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29
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.
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(
, 2009: 267).
2.4
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3
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(
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, 2008: 17).
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(
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3.1
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(1992: 199)
, 2002: 10).
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,
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(2002: 11),
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32
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,
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(2005)
,
,
,
.
,
(2007: 147)
,
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-
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(
, 2007:
148).
3.2
,
,
,
.
(1998)
,
(2007: 148)
–
:
. ’
.
.
.
,
.
.
33
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.
’
.
Everard
Morris (1999)
: )
(
).
,
(
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,
,
(
),
(
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,
) (
, 2002).
(1998)
:
,
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(
., 1998: 174-175).
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,«
».
.
34
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3.3
,
,
,
.
(2010)
:
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,
.
,
«
,
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».
(2011: 37)
,
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(
.: 38)
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35
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.
3.4
(1995: 453)
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-
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(2009: 32),
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,
,
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.
(
, 2001: 423
, 1999: 395-410
, 2007: 280-285):
:
,
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.
36
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’
.
:
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(2007: 281),
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37
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,
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3.5
,
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,
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(
2007: 285).
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4
:
4.1
.
,
.
,
,
Everard
,
Morris (1999):
,
.
:
(
)
.
,
,
(
, 1998).
:
(
,
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,
,
,
,
)
(
,
,
).
.
,
,
)
.
:
.
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40
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.
.
.
4.2
125
1688
(
:
7,4%)
74%,
9%.
35%.
17%
65%
38%
41-50
33%
6-11
.
,
31%
6/
.T
,
.
.
4.3
15
2011
2
2012
.
,
“google.docs”.
.
(link)
.
,
.
41
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15
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
4.4
:
1«
»
Everard
Morris (1999).
(2006).
25
4
Likert (1 =
, 4 =
),
,
Likert.
Everard
Morris.
: )
:«
;». )
: «
;». )
,
: «
;». )
,
,
:
;». )
:«
;».
(
,
,
,
)
).
2. «
» Cooperative– competitive
orientation (Stapel & Koomen, 2005).
(back-translation).
12
(
13
),
,5=
5
Likert (1 =
).
.
: «H
42
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
». T
:
,
».
3.
(Hoy & Clover, 1986),
(2007).
(OCDQ-RE)
Likert (1=
, 4=
23
4
).
,
(
: «
,
». «
»),
(
: «
». «
»)
(
: «
», «
»).
4.5
IBM
SPSS
Statistics
19.0
for
Windows.
.
.)
(
.)
.
2.
(
).
,
Pearson (r)
-
,
,
,
5
).
95%.
43
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
5
(
.)
1),
(items)
,
(
.=13,92,
.=1,97),
(
(
.=14,05,
.=11,59,
.=2,08)
.=16,08,
.=2,20)
.=2,24),
(
.=9,62,
.=2,03).
1
(
.)
(
.)
N=125
.
9,62
2,03
14,05
2,24
11,59
2,08
13,92
1,97
16,08
2,20
25,18
3,42
15,02
3,41
17,26
5,12
9,94
3,20
26,36
6,32
,
(
.=25,18,
.=3,42)
(
.=15,02,
.=3,41)
44
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
(
.=26,36,
(
.=6,32),
.=9,94,
(
2)
[ F
(13,124)
.=5,12)
.=3,20).
(
,
.=17,26,
[F
(13,124)
(13,124)
= 2,074, p<0,05 ],
,
= 2,559, p<0,05 ]
[F
= 2,744, p<0,05 ]
2
F
df
p
2,074
13
0,021*
2,559
13
0,004*
1,705
13
0,069
1,186
13
0,299
2,744
13
0,002*
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
(
3)
[ F (15,124) = 1,790,
p<0,05 ],
[ F (15,124) = 1,906, p<0,05 ]
[F
(15,124) = 1,786, p<0,05 ].
45
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
3
F
df
p
1,790
15
0,045*
1,906
15
0,030*
1,076
15
0,387
0,952
15
0,510
1,786
15
0,045*
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
(
[F
(20,124)
4)
= 2,555, p=0,001 ]
[ F (20,124) = 1,686, p<0,05 ].
4
F
df
p
2,555
20
0,001*
1,389
20
0,145
1,273
20
0,214
1,005
20
0,463
1,686
20
0,047*
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
5)
46
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
[ F (13,124) = 2,477, p<0,05 ].
5
F
df
p
2,477
13
0,005*
1,406
13
0,167
1,302
13
0,222
0,761
13
0,699
1,316
13
0,214
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
(
6)
[ F (25,124) = 2,098, p<0,05 ].
6
F
df
p
1,107
25
0,350
2,098
25
0,005*
0,969
25
0,515
1,251
25
0,217
1,405
25
0,121
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
47
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
(
7
8).
7
2
Value
df
p
4,311
9
0,890
11,666
11
0,389
8,923
9
0,444
9,611
9
0,383
10,505
10
0,397
Value
df
p
27,396
27
0,443
38,978
33
0,219
23,521
27
0,657
21,844
27
0,745
35,859
30
0,213
(
.=8,00, Adj.
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
8
2
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
2(22)=50,467, p=0,001] (
9).
(
,
)
48
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
Residual=4,1)
.
8,00
20,00.
,
(Adj. Residual<2,0)
(
.=15,00, Adj.
Residual=1,9).
9
2
Value
df
p
12,195
18
0,837
50,467
22
0,001*
13,544
18
0,758
24,522
18
0,139
31,296
20
0,051
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
[ 2(33)=58,939,
p<0,05] (
10).
(
.=8,00, Adj. Residual=3,6)
(
(
,
)(
.
8,00
20,00.
.=12,00, Adj. Residual=3,9),
.=16,00, Adj. Residual=2,4).
49
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
10
2
Value
df
p
18,318
27
0,894
58,939
33
0,004*
25,509
27
0,546
25,865
27
0,526
39,556
30
0,114
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
(
)
,
[ 2(44)=66,553, p<0,05] (
11).
,
,
.=20,00, Adj. Residual=3,6)
(
.
8,00
20,00
.=12,00, Adj. Residual=2,2).
50
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
11
(
)
2
)
Value
df
p
33,911
36
0,568
66,553
44
0,016*
28,043
36
0,826
43,090
36
0,194
41,582
40
0,402
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
(
11).
11
(
)
2
)
Value
df
p
24,693
27
0,592
26,363
33
0,787
37,691
27
0,083
31,423
27
0,254
31,770
30
0,378
(
14),
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
12),
,
(
13),
51
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
(
15)
)(
16).
12
2
Value
df
p
38,028
45
0,760
64,074
55
0,188
50,721
45
0,258
34,252
45
0,878
62,743
50
0,107
Value
df
p
18,712
18
0,410
16,719
22
0,779
20,244
18
0,319
26,282
18
0,093
15,314
20
0,758
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
13
2
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
52
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
14
2
Value
df
p
4,907
9
0,842
9,790
11
0,549
5,118
9
0,824
3,876
9
0,919
7,154
10
0,711
Value
df
p
22,066
36
0,967
44,277
44
0,460
30,000
36
0,749
31,473
36
0,684
38,292
40
0,547
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
15
2
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
53
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
16
(
)
2
Value
df
p
3,762
9
0,926
9,520
11
0,574
14,654
9
0,101
8,744
9
0,461
6,094
10
0,807
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
2(36)=60,135, p<0,05] (
17).
,
14
,
(
Residual=3,0)
.
7,00
.=16,00, Adj.
16,00.
1
5
4
(
.=15,00,
Adj. Residual=2,2).
5
(
5
9
8
.=8,00, Adj. Residual=4,3).
,
,
[ 2(40)=56,437, p<0,05].
,
1
(
14
(
.=17,00, Adj. Residual=2,4)
.=17,00, Adj. Residual=2,2),
.
10,00
20,00.
9
9
14
Residual=2,5)
4
(
.=18,00, Adj.
1
(
.=15,00, Adj. Residual=2,3)
5
5
5
9
54
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
(
.=15,00, Adj. Residual=3,0).
(
9
9
14
)
(
.=12,00, Adj. Residual=2,0).
17
(
)
2
Value
df
p
47,474
36
0,096
40,561
44
0,620
60,135
36
0,007*
30,265
36
0,738
56,437
40
0,044*
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
,
(
18).
,
(r = -0,186, p<0,05)
p<0,001),
(r = 0,236,
(r = 0,267, p<0,001)
(r = 0,286, p<0,001).
(r = 0,269, p<0,001)
= 0,266, p<0,001).
(r
,
.
(r = 0,227,
p<0,05).
(r = 0,383, p<0,001)
= 0,208, p<0,05)
(r
(r = -0,264, p<0,001)
(r = -0,179, p<0,05).
55
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
18
-
-
-
-0,186*
0,236**
0,267**
0,286**
-0,175
0,269**
-0,057
-0,020
0,095
0,266**
-0,009
0,074
0,152
0,172
0,061
0,139
0,060
0,087
0,119
0,227*
-0,264**
-0,096
-0,179*
0,208*
0,383**
*p<0,05, **p<0,001
56
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
6
:
. H
Everard
Morris (1999),
:
,
,
,
.
,
,
/
.
6.1
:
,
)
, )
,
)
, )
)
.
,
:H
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
(2006).
.
.
Desivilya
Yagil
, 2010),
,
,
.
6.2
-
57
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
.
.
.
,
,
Holland (1985).
,
,
,
(Dinham & Scott, 1998, 2000).
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
6.3
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
(2009: 13),
,
.
6.4
.
(
)
58
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
.
.
.
(
),
,
.
.
(
.
,
,
,
)
.),
,
,
. O
(
, 2006: 13)
,
,
.
Hargreaves (
, 2007)
«
».
,
-
-
.
(
)
.
5
10
.
(14
,
)
.
59
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
,
,
:O
,
.
14
-
«
»-
.
5-10
,
,
.
.
10
10
14
.
,
14
,
.
:
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
Rahim (2001): )
(interpersonal conflict),
.
)
(intergroup conflict),
.
6.5
,
.
(
60
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
),
,
.
,
).
(
)
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
(
, 2010).
6.6
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
Hargreaves (
(
.
, 2007).
,
).
61
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
.
.
(
, 1998)
.
,
.
.
,
(
274)
, 2007: 273-
.
.
(
) (
.
, 2004).
,
,
,
,
,
«
»
«
».
.
.
,
)
).
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
(2004: 347-348),
.
62
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
:
)
.
)
,
.
)
,
-
.
)
,
.
,
.
(2004)
.
,
.
.
,
,
(
, 2006).
.
,
,
,
63
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
/
,
«
,
»
(Jhonstone, 1990).
'
,
Côté
(
, 2009)
,
,
,
.
.
.
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
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,
. (2005).
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.
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,
.,
, .&
, . (2010).
.
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aa006.pdf
,
. (1998).
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:
.
,
. (1999).
.
:
,
. (2002).
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:
.
.
, . (2007).
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.
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.
. &
,
.
. (2000).
.
,
:
.
. (1995).
.
.
,
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.
:
.
. (2009).
:
.
:
.
,
. (1994).
,
21
.
:
–
.
. (2009).
,
.
.&
,
.(
.).
,
.
,
. &
,
:
:
, 77-86.
. (2011).
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:
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,
.
:
,
:
. (1999).
.
–
. (1998).
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»
.
.
.
.
.
,
:
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
:
.
15
.
.
.
.
.: 6944165669
71
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
:
:
: <30
31-40
41-50
>50
:
:
&
) …………………………………………..
:
:
:
:
(
) ………………………………….
1-5
6 – 10
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
16
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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79
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
=125
30
31-40
41-50
51
29
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1
6
11
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21
5
10
15
20
25
80
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
>25
14
11,2
105
19
1
%
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1- 2
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81
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
;
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06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
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06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138
,
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85
Institutional Repository - Library & Information Centre - University of Thessaly
06/04/2016 16:52:15 EEST - 78.47.19.138