Transcript Le vertige by Evgenia Ginzburg

Le vertige by Evgenia Ginzburg
Evgenia Ginzburg
either witness to and sufferer of Stalin’s reign of terror, a brave girl tells the tale of her
harrowing eighteen-year odyssey via Russia’s prisons and hard work camps.
BUIO A MEZZOGIORNONel 1937, quando tutto ebbe inizio, avevo poco più di trent’anni; ora
ho di parecchio superato i cinquanta. Diciotto degli anni compresi in questo periodo li ho
trascorsi là. Là è dove los angeles confina los angeles repressione staliniana (di solito si united
states l’espressione “purghe staliniane” che mi pare infinitamente riduttiva) che in keeping with
Evgenija inizia nel 1937, ma in step with tanti altri period già iniziata da tempo. Là è il carcere
duro e il lager, los angeles Kolyma, mitica parola che evoca terrore.Ma Evgenija non si lasciò
schiacciare dal tormento e dallo sconforto: il senso di stupore consistent with l’assurdità
cosmica che stava subendo los angeles aiutò a sopravvivere, los angeles sua spiccata curiosità
according to gli uomini e gli aspetti della vita los angeles portò a essere vittima e osservatrice al
contempo. E da osservatrice e vittima, da protagonista e commentatrice, regala seven-hundred
meravigliose pagine che sono proprio quello che il titolo promette e mantiene: non solo una
grande preziosa e spietata testimonianza, ma un autentico viaggio nel gorgo. Vertigine interiore
ed esteriore: high-quality di qualsiasi logica e regola di buon senso, dilagare della paura e della
violenza che genera terrore, smarrimento nel sentirsi improvvisamente insignificante e
annullato, morte dell’individuo che diventa soltanto una moltitudine di un milione divisa in line
with un milione (A.Koestler).Eppure, Evgenija non è Rubasciov, il protagonista di BUIO A
MEZZOGIORNO, non ha ancora cominciato a preporre l’uomo all’umanità, non è ancora
colpevole di aver dato voce a quella "finzione grammaticale" che nell'universo concentrazionario
stalinista risponde alla prima personality singolare, all' "io" - non ha ancora cominciato advert
ascoltare los angeles propria voce interiore e dunque a farsi domande su domande. Tutto
questo Le vertige avverrà solo in seguito, conseguenza dei fatti che l. a. travolgono. Nel 1937 è
un fedele convinto entusiasta membro del Partito Comunista russo: ma los angeles macchina è
già in moto da pace (socialrivoluzionari e menscevichi e ucraini…), anche se lei non se ne è
ancora accorta, e l. a. macchina ha bisogno di tritare corpi e anime in line with mantenere il
passo. Evgenija viene accusata di attività anti-rivoluzionarie, e Le vertige processata consistent
with trotzkismo, condannata a dieci anni, che diventeranno circa 18 prima di poter tornare sul
“continente”.Il racconto segue passo passo gli accadimenti, dalle leading accuse, al processo,
al carcere e infine al lager. Sono tante le scoperte che aspettano Evgenija e noi spettatori: in
step with esempio, che anche tra i detenuti esistesse un culto quasi religioso di Stalin – c’erano
condannati che si rifiutavano di credere Stalin sapesse quello che accadeva nei tribunali, nelle
prigioni, nei lager – il Grande Umanitario, nonché il Migliore Amico dei Bambini, period al di
sopra di ogni sospetto anche consistent with qualcuno dei relitti umani che l. a. Kolyma
produceva e distruggeva. Intanto l. a. gente veniva eliminata a strati.La scoperta che il
trasferimento nel lager può suscitare attesa e eccitazione: los angeles parola Kolyma infondeva
speranza, laggiù cibo, aria aperta, lavoro in step with sentirsi utili, fantastic dell’afa - finalmente
vita in comune, effective dell’isolamento, il cielo, los angeles luce, effective della reclusione
sigillata. Si esprimeva l’antica esigenza dell’animo umano di coltivare speranza, annota
Evgenija, che non poteva certo scrivere in quei frangenti, ma conservava nella memoria
according to consegnare alla carta i suoi preziosi ricordi molti anni dopo.La scoperta che
all’arrivo nel campo di smistamento, le donne che viaggiano con lei vedono gli Le vertige
uomini dopo anni di carcere e iniziano subito storie d’amore appassionate: quegli esseri umani,
ormai privi quasi di corpo, venuti a contatto l’uno con l’altro, improvvisamente, come in keeping
with magia, riacquistarono l’intensità di percezioni smarrita a causa delle smisurate sofferenze
patite. Domani li manderanno in direzioni varied e non si vedranno mai più. Ma oggi si guardano
commossi negli occhi attraverso il filo spinato arrugginito, e parlano, parlano… Non ho mai visto
un amore più elevato e pieno di abnegazione di quello che unì in step with un solo giorno quegli
sconosciuti. Forse Le vertige perché davvero, in quel momento, l’amore period accanto alla
morte. Ogni giorno di vita in più va festeggiato ripetendosi oggi vi è andata male, cara signora
morte, addio, alla prossima occasione, ogni attimo ci si ripete soffro, dunque vivo.Basta poco
pace nel lager in keeping with capire che si è atteso invano di arrivarci, l. a. realtà è ben diversa,
e si è lasciato alle spalle qualcosa che può addirittura valere los angeles pena rimpiangere, il
carcere, soprattutto quello di rigore, eleva i detenuti, li spinge verso l. a. purificazione morale,
riesce a tirare fuori i tesori nascosti nel nostro animo – mentre il lager presentava personalità
stravolte dalla lotta in keeping with los angeles sopravvivenza.Il ricordo di Evgenija è nitido
anche anni dopo e riesce a esprimerlo con parole ferme, lucide, semplici. Non posso che
lasciare parlare ancora direttamente lei, maestra di vita: l. a. particolarità del nostro inferno
stava nel fatto che al suo ingresso non c’era l’iscrizione LASCIATE OGNI SPERANZA O VOI
CHE ENTRATE. Al contrario, l. a. speranza c’era. Non ci mandavano nelle camere a fuel o alla
forca. C’erano lavori che portavano presto alla morte, sia lavori ai quali period possibile
sopravvivere. period molto più probabile morire che vivere, è vero, tuttavia speranze di farcela
ce n’erano. Seppure illusorie, vacillanti come una fiammella al vento. Ma come esiste l. a.
speranza, esiste anche il terrore. E ancora, sempre parole sue, sempre belle e preziose: los
angeles cosa più terribile è quando Le vertige l’ingiustizia diventa Le vertige quotidianità,
prosaica regimen che si protrae according to decenni. Nel ’37 l’ingiustizia aveva preso forme
monumentali e tragiche. Ora nel ’49, sapevo che l. a. sofferenza purifica solo in una certa
misura, quando si protrae in line with decenni e diventa quotidianità non purifica più, ma ci
trasforma semplicemente in pezzi di legno. Non riesco a non riportare qui frasi intere prese dalle
sue pagine, mi sembrano troppo importanti, mi sembrano imperdibili: nella nostra epoca,
caratterizzata dalla labilità della linea che separa i carnefici dalle vittime (quante persone prima
di andare a finire nel tritacarne staliniano, avevano collaborato con impegno a tritare l. a. carne
degli altri!), non esiste più quella solida barricata che, advert esempio nel 1905, separava
nettamente i due eserciti: da una parte loro, dall’altra noi. L’inaudito sistema di corruzione delle
anime messo in atto attraverso los angeles Grande Menzogna ha fatto sì che migliaia e migliaia
di uomini e donne semplici cadessero nell’inganno. E adesso che cosa avremmo potuto fare,
farla pagare a tutti? Rivaleggiare con il tiranno in crudeltà? Prolungare senza high-quality il
trionfo dell’odio? Anche quando le cose cominciano advert andare meglio, Evgenija ha
riflessioni su cui vale los angeles pena riflettere: l. a. sorprendente facilità a dimenticare, a
cancellare tutto nella memoria according to tornare alle posizioni di partenza, senza
minimamente rivedere i propri valori alla luce della crudele esperienza vissuta, senza alcuna
compassione in line with coloro con i quali ancora ieri si period fratelli. Ma come si possono
comprendere, e quindi perdonare, coloro che in line with amore della carriera, according to l. a.
fiera della verità, vogliono dimenticare tutto, soffocare in se stessi quanto hanno scoperto
attraverso l. a. sofferenza, e proseguire come se niente fosse successo l. a. strada che stavano
percorrendo prima dell’arresto?!E quando Evgenija e los angeles Russia sembra che possano
ricominciare a respirare e Le vertige sperare, Stalin è finalmente sepolto, il XX Congresso con
le parole di Kruscev riabilita le vittime (non tutte) e condanna i carnefici (alcuni), altrove invece
(Ungheria, Cecoslovacchia) il tritacarne sta lavorando alla grande, proprio in quella notte
consistent with me benedetta, quando mi sembrava che fosse arrivata Le vertige l. a.
advantageous delle nostre sofferenze, ai nostri confini, in Cecoslovacchia, si continuavano a
torturare degli uomini, a umiliarli, a obbligarli a recitare le infami commedie dei processi, si
continuano a impiccare degli uomini senza motivo.Un libro in line with ricordarci che Le vertige
apparteniamo ancora al genere umano. Se non altro, according to sperarlo.
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