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José Mª Montull, Andreu Taberner
Integrated control of herbicide
resistant Lolium rigidum in
extensive rainfed crops
Introduction
Rainfed crops in Spain take around
9700000ha
 Yields fluctuate between 1-5 tm/ha of
barley
 There are few available crops for rotation
& farmers unknown the return on
alternative crops

Introduction
In the short term, monocropping seems to
have more return
 In the long term, rotations can have the
same or more return:

◦ Increase of yields
◦ Decreases pests
◦ Decresase the cost on plant protection

Directive 2009/128/EC establishes the
requirement of IPM
Introduction
Alternative crops

There are two groups of alternative crops:
◦ Oilseed crops
◦ Pulse crops

Broadleaf crops can facilitate grass weeds
managing:
◦ Late crop sowing
◦ Use herbicides with different modes of action
◦ Use of “strong” ACCase inhibitors for control
NTSR
Introduction
Objective

The main objective of this paper is to
study different alternatives for herbicideresistant L. Rigidum control in rainfed
cereal cropping systems, integrating three
different crops in rotation different
herbicides approved for each crop.
Material & methods






Field located in Calaf (Lleida) (NE Spain)
480mm average annual rainfall
Clay-loam soil
Difficulty to control Lolium rigidum with
herbicides
Three crops: Winter wheat, spring barley
& spring field pea
5 herbicides per crop & untreated
Material & methods
Spring pea
Spring barley
Winter wheat
Crop
Rate
Aplication time
(kg o l cp/ha)
(respect the crop)
Auros
CTU
Untreated
Prosulfocarb 80%
Clortolurón 50%
0
4
2
09 BBCH
11 BBCH
Atlantis
Iodosulfuron 0,6%+ mesosulfuron 3%
0,5
13BBCH
Broadway
Florasulam 2,28% +Pyroxulam 6,83%
0,265
13BBCH
Caliban duo
Iodosulfurón 1%+propoxicarbazona 16,8%
330
13BBCH
Untreated
0
CTU
Clortolurón 50%
4
11BBCH
Herbaflex
Beflubutamida 8,5%+Isoproturon 50%
2,5
11BBCH
Axial
Pinoxaden 10%
0,6
13BBCH
Hussar
Iodosulfuron 5%
0,2
13BBCH
Splendor 40
Tralkoxidim 40%
1
22BBCH
Untreated
0
Auros
Prosulfocarb 80%
5
09BBCH
Mutual
Imazamox 1,67%+Pendimetalina 25%
3
09BBCH
Kerb Flo
Propizamida 40%
1,875
13BBCH
Fusilade Max
Fluazifop-P 12,5%
2
13BBCH
Aramo 50
Tepraloxidim 5%
1
13BBCH
Herbicide
Active ingredient
Material & methods
Aplication due with an experimental
sprayer pressurised with nitrogen
 Boom with 4 Hardi ISO LD-110-02 nozzles
 330l/ha of water delivery

Results & discussion
Lolium density at harvest in untreated plots
100
A
90
80
Plantas/m2
70
60
50
40
B
30
20
B
10
0
Cebada
Guisante
Trigo
Winter wheat
Spring Pea
Spring Barley
Herbaflex
Splendor
CTU
Axial
Hussar
Auros
Mutual
Kerb Flo
Fusilade Max
Aramo 50
CTU
Caliban Duo
Broadway
Atlantis
Auros
Herbicide efficaccy
Results & discussion
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Results & discussion
Lolium Density at harvest
100
90
a
L. rigidum plants/m2
80
70
60
b
bc
50
40
cd
de
de
30
20
10
0
efg
ef
fg
fg
fg
fg
g
g
fg
fg
fg
g
Results & discussion
7000
6000
c
b
c
a
bc
bc
a
Yield (kg/ha)
4000
3000
b
1000
0
a
a
b
5000
2000
a
b
b
b
a
a
b
Conclusions
1.
The effect of sowing in late January have been enough to
avoid applying herbicides against L. rigidum in barley crop
2.
In this test, low efficacy has been achieved with ALS and
ACCase inhibitors due resistance to these groups of
herbicides
3.
Auros and Kerb efficacy was conditioned by the drought at
winter in the application time
4.
Only Mutual and Auros in spring pea, have been achieved
efficaccy up to 90%
Conclusions
5.
90 plants/m2 of L. rigidum in winter wheat justify a
treatment for control it
6.
15 plants/m2 of L. rigidum in spring barley not justify a
herbicide treatment
7.
10 plants/m2 of L. rigidum in spring pea justify a treatment
for controlling it
8.
If this field, infested by a Lolium herbicide resistant biotype,
it was not economically justified a treatment with an
herbicide which the weed has developed resistance. In this
case, the best solution has been the crop change.