Transcript Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in the Netherlands
“The Life Conops project: Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes”
Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in the Netherlands
Centre for Monitoring of Vectors
Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia
Ernst-Jan Scholte Arjan Stroo Marian Dik
Bologna, 10 March 2014
Overview presentation
• Historical surveillance vectors in the Netherlands • Foundation
National Centre for Monitoring of Vectors
• Aim, Organization, Resources and actors, Availability of competences, Trainings, Collaborations • Current surveillance of Vectors in the NL • Current surveillance of Exotic/Invasive mosquitoes in NL • Setup • Results
Historical surveillance of mosquitoes in NL
+- 1900 National museum of natural history Leiden 1938 Malaria Vectors Alterra - Wageningen University Water administrations 2005-2006 Wageningen University Entomology 2009 Foundation Centre for Monitoring of Vectors
Foundation National Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV)
Estimated losses due bluetongue 2006: 10-15 million euro 2007: 81 million euro
Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV-NVWA-MinEZ)
Founded in 2009, National knowledge centre for vectors Mission: Minimalize impact of vectors in veterinary and public health. It does this by CMV collection, management, propagation and dissemination of knowledge and information of indigenous and exotic vectors. This knowledge and data are used for policy advice, risk communication, vector control, the development of plans and vector-borne disease-risk analysis.
• • • • • • •
Activities: Surveys/Monitoring vectors Inspections Identify introduction of invasive species Diagnostics Modelling (vector distribution maps) Risk analysis Advice / support policymakers
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Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
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Department ‘National Reference Centre (NRC)’
Head Mariëtte Edema Team Diagnostic methods Diseases Pests Domain - molecular diagnosis - breeding facilities - quality - health & safety - mycology - bacteriology - virology - entomology - nematology - vectors (CMV) - invasive plants
CMV Resources:
- (3 FTE) Office & lab - (1,5 FTE) ‘implementation’ - (1,08 FTE) - (5,58 FTE) TOTAAL
NVWA offer
domain product mission financing Nature Advice & representation CMV Public Health & Economy (50/50) Nature Advice & representation Tiger mosquito Public Health
Actors (1):
Wietse den Hartog Marian Dik Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia Arjan Stroo Ernst-Jan Scholte
Competences:
Medical/General Entomology Vector identification experience Entomological sampling methodology Field work experience GIS experience Modelling vector distribution Ecology .......
Facilities:
Office & Laboratory & Mosquito colonisation NRC
Trainings:
European mosquito species (Avia-GIS) Invasive mosquito species training (Avia-GIS) Modelling vector distribution (Climex, VecMap, EriskMapper) Tick identification (NPPO) EPPO diagnostic inspections
International Networks:
ECDC, VBORNET, EMCA, VECMAP, WHO, ......
National Networks:
RIVM, CVI, WUR, UU, ......
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Actors (2)
René v/d Berg Gerard Prinsen Jan Schamp Antoon Wever Bennie Heerink Piet Boersma 10 Jan Heesters Aad Ruiter Lex Tervelde Monica Tonkens
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Surveillance programme CMV
Tick surveys Mosquito surveys Culicoides surveys
or • •
National Vector Surveys
and relative abundance : Scope: to gain insight about which indigenous vectors species occur in the Netherlands, when active,
Exotic Vector Surveys
locations for introduction : Scope: Early detection of the introduction of exotic/invasive vector species in known risk
NVS– mosquitoes
• • •
Scope:
To list distribution mosquito species in the Netherlands Use data for making vector distribution models Modelling Input for disease-risk analysis RIVM and CVI •
Why?
To gain insight about which indigenous mosquito species occur in the Netherlands, when active, and relative abundance •
How?
Random stratified sampling 40% agricultural 40% urban 20% nature • Cross-sectional Nr. locations 2013:
150
13
Cx. territans Cx. pipiens/torrentium Cs. annulata Cq. richardii An. plumbeus An. maculipennis s.l.
An. claviger Ae. sticticus Ae. sp.
Ae. rusticus Ae. punctor Ae. leucomelas Ae.japonicus
Ae. geniculatus Ae. flavescens Ae. dorsalis Ae. communis Ae. cinereus/geminus Ae. annulipes/cantans
1 14 ± 151 locations 7.000 mosquitoes 18 species 100 locations 10 100 1000 10000 107 locations
NVS– mosquitoes
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35.000 mosq uitoes captur ed
Results 2010-2012
Exotic Mosquito Surveys in the Netherlands
Surveillance at high risk entry points invasive mosquitoes Lucky Bamboo Rotterdam harbor Schiphol airport close to infested neighboring areas (Belgium/Germany)
Ae. japonicus
finding Highway Used tires import
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Lucky bamboo
2005: first finding exotic mosquito in NL:
Aedes albopictus
International flower trade: lucky bamboo from Guangdong, China
Aedes albopictus
Two-weekly inspections
& Lucky bamboo
2 traps indoors, continuously running 3 oviposition traps outdoors (during season) 2013: 6 2 5/6
Control strategy Lucky bamboo
Until 2011: Mosquito control in greenhouse after finding tiger mosquito Since April 2011, AMvB Warenwet “
Commodities Act
” Dutch Legislation:
“Product specifications for Lucky bamboo import
” Highlights: • First opening container in special safe and sealed room in greenhouse • Obligatory use of adulticides after opening • Obligatory use of larvicides (Bti or other adecuate) in greenhouse • And Mosquito control in greenhouse after finding tiger mosquito Problems: No registered larvicides in the Netherlands
Rotterdam harbor
Under surveillance since 2010 - Traps at 2 inspection locations (customs, NVWA) - visual inspection of international ships/vessels
Results
: so far, no exotic species found
Schiphol airport
airplane cabin visual inspection upon arrival
Results 2010-2011:
Exotic mosquitoes were found in 10 out of the 38 inspected airplane cabins (26.3%). (Scholte
et al
. 2014, in preparation)
Mosquito species
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Ae. mcintoshi
(n=1) -
Cx quinquefasciatus (n=9)
-
Cx antennatus (n=2)
reported vector of
RVFV, Wesselsbron virus, Middelburg virus WNV, lymphatic filariasis, RVFV RVFV, WNV
Survey 2013:
Close to infested neighboring areas (Belg./Germany)
Aedes koreicus Aedes japonicus
Close to infested neighboring areas (Belg./Germany) EMS-Zuid Limburg
Larval inspection cemeteries South Netherland Larval inspection and oviposition traps in 3 cemeteries
So far, not found
EMS-Lelystad
Aedes japonicus
finding in National Vector Survey 2012 in Lelystad Sampling: end of Juli 2012 Reported: 25 Januari 2013 Proposal: Early spring 2013:
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Intensive surveillance finding location
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Evaluation mosquito control possibilities 24
EMS-Lelystad
Monitoring strategy (from May 2013): Mosquito Magnet Traps: X 12 Larval/adult samplings
EMS-Lelystad results
Results:
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Populations
Ae. japonicus
in Lelystad.
•
Unknown origin introduction
•
Mostly found in allotments (communal gardens), but also in cemetery and forests
Control strategy
Aedes japonicus
Proposed advice to Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport:
• Not active mosquito control populations • To consider participation of people (community participation) to reduce mosquito population through good prepared targeted information for reducing breeding sites. This could fit into a broader strategy of controlling mosquitoes in the Netherlands.
Arguments
•
Aedes japonicus
is established in one Dutch municipality • Mosquito control is disproportionate because of the damage to the environment • There is currently no evidence that
Ae. japonicus
diseases in the human population is a risk of transmission of infectious • The local nuisance is probably limited
EMS-Highway
2010-2011
So far, no findings
Used tires import
Risk-based monitoring: frequency based on 5 parameters.
Frequency inspections 2013:
26 companies (from 36 evaluated) 2 x month (high risk) (n=15) 1 x season (low risk) (n=11)
Used tires import
Species 2013
Aedes albopictus
Results: 1131 samplings 31 samplings ‘positive’ 8 positive locations
Used tires import - Summary
27 2013
Ae. albopictus
73 (07/10/2013) inside and outside
Control strategy - Used tire import
• • • • Intensive surveillance Larval sampling 500m zone Extra traps Adulticiding Larviciding Removal breeding sites
Used tires import – 2014 news
• In 2013 agreement Ministry Public Health – Used tires companies Indoors Risk tires (coming from infected regions) More indoor facilities Improvement tracing&tracking imported tires • Use traps also in low risk companies (to consider)
In summary:
Exotic mosquitoes found in NL
Aedes albopictus
Asian tiger mosquito
Ae. atropalpus Ae. japonicus Ae. aegypti
American rockpool mosquito
Asian bush mosquito
Yellow fever
Ae. mcintoshi no english name Cx. quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cx. antennatus
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no english name
invasive (for NL) exotic
In summary:
Exotic mosquitoes found in NL
Aedes albopictus
Asian tiger mosquito
Ae. aegypti Ae. atropalpus Ae. japonicus Y
ellow fever mosquito American rockpool mosquito Asian bush mosquito
Ae. mcintoshi
no english name
Cx. quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cx. antennatus
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no english name
Thank you for your attention
MSc. Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia [email protected]