Class Slides Set # 26A Tim Roufs’ section “Peking Man” – aka – aka Homo erectus pekinensis Sinanthropus.
Download ReportTranscript Class Slides Set # 26A Tim Roufs’ section “Peking Man” – aka – aka Homo erectus pekinensis Sinanthropus.
Class Slides Set # 26A Tim Roufs’ section “Peking Man” – aka – aka Homo erectus pekinensis Sinanthropus Time 23 July 2001 Time 23 July 2001 Homo Genus Species Homo • rudolfensis ( “early” ) • habilis ( “early” ) • erectus – Java (Trinil) • Pithecanthropus erectus – China (Beijing) • Homo erectus pekinensis – Africa . . . – Europe . . . • sapiens Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 238 Selected Major Discoveries / Events, ca. 1850 - Present 1920s "Peking Man" • Choukoutien, China (now Zhoukoudian) • Sinanthropus • Homo erectus pekinensis • 0.5 - 0.2 mya Major Sites: China Choukoutien = Zhoukoudian ( Chou-kou-tien ) Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 295 Zhoukoudian Cave. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 267 Homo erectus from Zhoukoudian Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 225 Trinil Homo erectus from Zhoukoudian Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 227 foraminia mentalia Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people 1. Had larger cranial capacity • 830 - 1300 cc • avg. = 1075 Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 317 Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people 1. Had larger cranial capacity • • 830 - 1300 cc avg. = 1075 2. had fire www.gridclub.com/fact_gadget/1001/human_world/prehistoric_people/639.html The First Men (Little Brown, 1973), p. 26 The First Men (Little Brown, 1973), p. 8 The First Men (Little Brown, 1973), p. 29 Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people 1. Had larger cranial capacity • • 830 - 1300 cc avg. = 1075 2. had fire 3. lived in caves http://cssa.mit.edu/worldheritage/img/zkd/big/zkd-08b.jpg Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people 1. Had larger cranial capacity • • 830 - 1300 cc avg. = 1075 2. had fire 3. lived in caves 4. had better tools http://cssa.mit.edu/worldheritage/img/zkd/big/zkd-08b.jpg http://cssa.mit.edu/worldheritage/img/zkd/big/zkd-08b.jpg Quartzite chopper Flint point Flint Awl Graver or Burin Chinese Tools from Middle Pleistocene sites. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 268 Movius Line Source: Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p. 334 Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people 1. Had larger cranial capacity • • 2. 3. 4. 5. 830 - 1300 cc avg. = 1075 had fire lived in caves had better tools seemed inclined to eat their neighbor http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2937187.stm http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/377/14863_cannibalism.html Homo erectus pekinensis Types of Cannibalism • Survival Homo erectus pekinensis Types of Cannibalism • Survival • Gustatory Cannibalism Moula-Gercy, France “Bones Offer Evidence of a Neanderthal - Eat - Neanderthal World” 78 fragments from 6 skeletons ca. 100,000 ybp 30 September 1999 (ABACNEWS.com/MagellanGeographix) Fragment of a Neandertal Thigh bone (UCAL Berkeley / AP Photo) Homo erectus pekinensis Types of Cannibalism • Survival • Gustatory • Ritualistic or Incorporative Homo erectus Java stratigraphy •Modern deposits and bones •Sampoeng stratum (Neolithic) •Ngandong stratum (Upper Pleistocene) •Trinil stratum (Middle Pleistocene) •Djetis stratum (Lower Pleistocene) •Three or more strata (Pliocene) Homo erectus pekinensis Beijing people were geographically isolated This shows up in . . . Homo erectus pekinensis 1. Mongoloid shovel-shaped incisors 2. taurodontism a. molars and premolars with enlarged pulp cavities extending downward into fused roots 3. mandibular torus a. heavy bony ridge on inside of lower jaw from canine to first molar on each side 4. extra foraminia mentalia a. 2 - 5 openings in lower jawbone through which pass the nerves and blood vessels Homo erectus pekinensis 1. Mongoloid shovel-shaped incisors Shovel-shaped incisors, shown here in a modern Homo sapiens sapiens Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 263 Homo erectus pekinensis 1. Mongoloid shovel-shaped incisors 2. taurodontism a. molars and premolars with enlarged pulp cavities extending downward into fused roots Homo erectus pekinensis 1. Mongoloid shovel-shaped incisors 2. taurodontism a. molars and premolars with enlarged pulp cavities extending downward into fused roots 3. mandibular torus a. heavy bony ridge on inside of lower jaw from canine to first molar on each side Homo erectus pekinensis 1. Mongoloid shovel-shaped incisors 2. taurodontism a. molars and premolars with enlarged pulp cavities extending downward into fused roots 3. mandibular torus a. heavy bony ridge on inside of lower jaw from canine to first molar on each side 4. extra foraminia mentalia a. 2 - 5 openings in lower jawbone through which pass the nerves and blood vessels Homo erectus pekinensis Homo sapiens sapiens Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p. 202. Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p. 203. REM Homo erecti are hand axe people Next: Homo erectus in Africa