Transcript The Miracles of Jesus: 2. Over the Human Realm Robert C. Newman.

The Miracles of Jesus:
2. Over the Human Realm
Robert C. Newman
Introduction
• In our previous talk, we looked at nature
miracles. Here we look at miracles dealing with
human sickness & death.
• Such miracles include:
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Healing Nobleman’s Son
Woman with Hemorrhage
Raising Jairus’ Daughter
Healing Paralytic
Cleansing Leper
(next panel)
Introduction
• These include (continued):
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Centurion’s Servant
Raising Widow’s Son
Healing at Pool of Bethesda
Man Born Blind
Man with Withered Hand
Ten Lepers
Deaf & Dumb Fellow
Raising Lazarus
• As before, we will only do some of these that are
not in our other Power-Point talks.
Healing
Nobleman's Son
John 4
John 4:46-50
John 4:46 (NIV) Once more he visited Cana in
Galilee, where he had turned the water into wine.
And there was a certain royal official whose son lay
sick at Capernaum. 47 When this man heard that
Jesus had arrived in Galilee from Judea, he went to
him and begged him to come and heal his son, who
was close to death. 48 "Unless you people see
miraculous signs and wonders," Jesus told him, "you
will never believe." 49 The royal official said, "Sir,
come down before my child dies." 50 Jesus replied,
"You may go. Your son will live." The man took Jesus
at his word and departed.
John 4:51-54
51 While he was still on the way, his servants met
him with the news that his boy was living. 52 When
he inquired as to the time when his son got better,
they said to him, "The fever left him yesterday at the
seventh hour." 53 Then the father realized that this
was the exact time at which Jesus had said to him,
"Your son will live." So he and all his household
believed. 54 This was the second miraculous sign
that Jesus performed, having come from Judea to
Galilee.
Historicity of the Event
• Occasion
– After Jesus’ return from Judea &
Samaria into Galilee
– In response to pleading of father
• Liberal explanation (quasi-liberal)
– Jesus telepathically gave boy will to
live.
Evidence of Historicity
• Royal official or relative of royal family
– was he Chuza (of Luke 8:3)?
• Verb "come down" (47)
• Time indications (43, 52)
• Development of father's faith:
– come down (47)
– accepts Jesus' word (50)
– began to get better (52)
– believed (53)
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Only father saw both sides.
– … but independently checked
time.
• Servants & household knew of
sudden end of fever.
• Father & household believed.
Old Testament Background
• Similar miracles:
– Healing from serpents (Num 21)
– Leprosy of Miriam (Num 12)
– Leprosy of Naaman (2 Kings 5)
– Healing of Hezekiah (2 Kings 20)
– Request re/ Abijah (1 Kings 14)
– At least one of these (Naaman) was healing
at a distance.
Old Testament Background
• Other parallels:
– LORD heals all your diseases (Ps 103:3)
• Psalm 103:2 (NIV) Praise the LORD, O my soul, and forget
not all his benefitsn 3 who forgives all your sins and heals all
your diseases…
– Curses of covenant include diseases & fever (Lev
26:16)
• Lev 26:15 (NIV) and if you reject my decrees and abhor my
laws and fail to carry out all my commands and so violate my
covenant, 16 then I will do this to you: I will bring upon you
sudden terror, wasting diseases and fever that will destroy
your sight and drain away your life. You will plant seed in
vain, because your enemies will eat it.
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Relation of signs & wonders to faith (48)
• note healing is ~20 mi away
– Boy healed (52)
– Father brought to faith (47-48, 50, 53)
• Also household (53)
• Place in salvation history
– First healing? (54); probably not, see Jn 2:23
– Probably means 2nd Galilean sign
• 1st healing in Galilee
Symbolic Elements
• Nothing obvious
• Contrast father with Abraham
– Abraham ready to give son.
• Contrast father with God
– God gave His son.
• Miracles of Jesus often look
back at creation or forward to
end of age.
Healing Paralytic
Matthew 9, Mark 2,
Luke 5
Mark 2:1-7
Mark 2:1 (NIV) A few days later, when Jesus again entered
Capernaum, the people heard that he had come home. 2
So many gathered that there was no room left, not even
outside the door, and he preached the word to them. 3
Some men came, bringing to him a paralytic, carried by four
of them. 4 Since they could not get him to Jesus because of
the crowd, they made an opening in the roof above Jesus
and, after digging through it, lowered the mat the paralyzed
man was lying on. 5 When Jesus saw their faith, he said to
the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven." 6 Now some
teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking to
themselves, 7 "Why does this fellow talk like that? He's
blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?"
Mark 2:8-12
Mark 2:8 (NIV) Immediately Jesus knew in his spirit
that this was what they were thinking in their hearts,
and he said to them, "Why are you thinking these
things? 9 Which is easier: to say to the paralytic,
'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up, take your
mat and walk'? 10 But that you may know that the
Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins ..."
He said to the paralytic, 11 "I tell you, get up, take
your mat and go home." 12 He got up, took his mat
and walked out in full view of them all. This amazed
everyone and they praised God, saying, "We have
never seen anything like this!"
Historicity of the Event
• Occasion
– Not clear from divergence of Mt & Mk when this
occurred, but apparently just before Matthew's
conversion.
• Evidence of historicity
– Occurs in 3 Gospels in such a form as to suggest not
copied from one another.
– Details of time are vague, but took place in
Capernaum; number of men given (though natural).
– Opening the roof is unusual.
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Pharisees grumble at claim to
forgive sin, but apparently silent
when miracle worked.
• Paralytic goes away glorifying
God.
• Others astonished, fearful, glorify
God, remark on uniqueness,
strangeness of event.
Old Testament Background
• Similar miracles:
– Jeroboam's hand shriveled & restored (1
Kings 13).
– Lame to leap like deer at time of Israel's
redemption (Isa 35:6).
• Other parallels
– Lameness, etc., disqualify for priesthood (Lev
21:18).
– Forgiveness can be given only by God and by
person sinned against.
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Fellow healed
– Attestation of Jesus' claim to forgive sins
• Place in salvation history
– The One who forgives sin has become man.
• Symbolic elements
– Compare Isa 35:6, pointing to eschaton
– Isa 35:6 (NIV) Then will the lame leap like a deer, and
the mute tongue shout for joy. Water will gush forth in
the wilderness and streams in the desert.
Cleansing Leper
Matthew 8, Mark 1,
Luke 5
Matthew 8:1-4
Matt 8:1 (NIV) When he came down from the
mountainside, large crowds followed him. 2 A man
with leprosy [The Greek word was used for various
diseases affecting the skinnnot necessarily leprosy.]
came and knelt before him and said, "Lord, if you
are willing, you can make me clean." 3 Jesus
reached out his hand and touched the man. "I am
willing," he said. "Be clean!" Immediately he was
cured [Greek made clean] of his leprosy. 4 Then
Jesus said to him, "See that you don't tell anyone.
But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the gift
Moses commanded, as a testimony to them."
Historicity of the Event
• Occasion
– Matt seems to be most definite,
putting it after Sermon on Mt (8:1).
– Mark & Luke are vague, but still
early in Galilean ministry.
– Fellow seeks Jesus out.
Liberal Explanations
• Some uncertainty re/ exact
nature of disease.
– (Heb & Gk terms broader than
Hansen's disease, which itself
has several types.)
• Liberals tend to opt for milder
forms & psychological cure.
Evidence of Historicity
• Matt seems to locate near site of
Sermon on Mount.
• Mk & Lk out from Capernaum on
a Galilean tour.
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Not specified
• Leper apparently so
overwhelmed he doesn't
obey Jesus' instructions not
to spread the news of his
cure.
– Mark 1:43-45
Old Testament Background
• Similar miracles: healings from leprosy
– Moses' hand (Ex 14)
– Miriam (Num 12)
– Naaman (2 Kings 5)
• Other parallels:
– Diagnosis of leprosy (Lev 13)
– Cleansing ceremony (Lev 14; cp touching
dead): 8 days, including final offerings
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Man cleansed, faith rewarded
– Jesus' compassion, concern for law, ceremony as
testimony?
– Jesus concerned to avoid wrong kind of publicity?
• Place in salvation history
– Like Moses & Elisha, one who heals lepers again
walks the earth.
– In contrast, Jesus touches leper, who is cleansed
rather than rendering Jesus unclean (parallel w/
resurrections by Elijah, Elisha).
Symbolic Elements
• Surprisingly, I could not find clear evidence of
symbolic value of leprosy; Ps 51:5-7 (best
candidate) is not obviously referring to leprosy.
• Psalm 51:5 (NIV) Surely I was sinful at birth,
sinful from the time my mother conceived me. 6
Surely you desire truth in the inner parts; you
teach me wisdom in the inmost place. 7 Cleanse
me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me,
and I will be whiter than snow.
Healing at Pool of Bethesda
John 5
John 5:1-6
John 5:1 (NIV) Some time later, Jesus went up to Jerusalem for a feast of the Jews. 2 Now there is in Jerusalem
near the Sheep Gate a pool, which in Aramaic is called
Bethesda and which is surrounded by five covered
colonnades. 3 Here a great number of disabled people
used to lienthe blind, the lame, the paralyzed. [Some less
important mss add: and they waited for the moving of the
waters. From time to time an angel of the Lord would come
down and stir up the waters. The first one into the pool
after each such disturbance would be cured of whatever
disease he had.] 5 One who was there had been an invalid
for thirty-eight years. 6 When Jesus saw him lying there
and learned that he had been in this condition for a long
time, he asked him, "Do you want to get well?"
John 5:7-12
7 "Sir," the invalid replied, "I have no one to help me
into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am
trying to get in, someone else goes down ahead of
me." 8 Then Jesus said to him, "Get up! Pick up your
mat and walk." 9 At once the man was cured; he
picked up his mat and walked. The day on which this
took place was a Sabbath, 10 and so the Jews said
to the man who had been healed, "It is the Sabbath;
the law forbids you to carry your mat." 11 But he
replied, "The man who made me well said to me,
'Pick up your mat and walk.'" 12 So they asked him,
"Who is this fellow who told you to pick it up and
walk?"
John 5:13-18
13 The man who was healed had no idea who it was,
for Jesus had slipped away into the crowd that was
there. 14 Later Jesus found him at the temple and said
to him, "See, you are well again. Stop sinning or
something worse may happen to you." 15 The man
went away and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had
made him well. 16 So, because Jesus was doing these
things on the Sabbath, the Jews persecuted him. 17
Jesus said to them, "My Father is always at his work to
this very day, and I, too, am working." 18 For this
reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only
was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling
God his own Father, making himself equal with God.
Historicity of the Event
• Occasion
– During a feast of the Jews
• several feasts suggested, even Purim
• a few months to a year after events of John 4
– Jesus sees a fellow who is lame (or something of sort), & heals him on the Sabbath.
• Liberal explanations
– Psychosomatic healing
– Didn't happen
Evidence of Historicity
• The location is now well-established,
though site unknown even in 1900.
• Reaction of Jewish leaders fits rabbinic
views on Sabbath.
• The poorly-attested verse 4 (re/ angel)
suggests place well-known in tradition
from before AD 70.
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Fellow himself seems grateful
(11,15).
– Verse 15 should not be understood
that he was malicious.
• Jewish leaders see only a violation
of Sabbath, later compounded (17)
by blasphemy.
Old Testament Background
• Similar miracles
– No references to healing on Sabbath in OT
– Both Elijah and Elisha touched dead to raise them.
• Other materials
– Sabbath regulations (Ex 23:12; 31:14-15; 35:2-3;
Num 15:32-36; Neh 13:15-22; Jer 17:21-27)
– No manna on Sabbath (Ex 16:22-29)
– But priests labor on Sabbath (Num 28:9-10)
– Lame to walk when redemption comes (Isa 35:6)
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Man is healed.
– Controversy develops between Jesus &
leaders, resulting in strong opposition to Him
for His actions & claims.
• Place in salvation history
– Jesus makes claims before official
representatives of the nation.
– He bases His authority over Sabbath on His
unique relation to Father.
Symbolic elements
• Sabbath as eschaton?
• Healing as eschatological?
• God works on the Sabbath…
– … especially as regards
redemption.
Man Born Blind
John 9
John 9:1-6
John 9:1 (NIV) As he went along, he saw a man
blind from birth. 2 His disciples asked him, "Rabbi,
who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was
born blind?" 3 "Neither this man nor his parents
sinned," said Jesus, "but this happened so that the
work of God might be displayed in his life. 4 As long
as it is day, we must do the work of him who sent
me. Night is coming, when no one can work. 5 While
I am in the world, I am the light of the world.“ 6
Having said this, he spit on the ground, made some
mud with the saliva, and put it on the man's eyes.
John 9:7-12
John 9:7 (NIV) "Go," he told him, "wash in the Pool of
Siloam" (this word means Sent). So the man went
and washed, and came home seeing. 8 His
neighbors and those who had formerly seen him
begging asked, "Isn't this the same man who used to
sit and beg?" 9 Some claimed that he was. Others
said, "No, he only looks like him." But he himself
insisted, "I am the man." 10 "How then were your
eyes opened?" they demanded. 11 He replied, "The
man they call Jesus made some mud and put it on
my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I
went and washed, and then I could see." 12 "Where
is this man?" they asked him. "I don't know," he said.
John 9:13-18
John 9:13 (NIV) They brought to the Pharisees the man
who had been blind. 14 Now the day on which Jesus had
made the mud and opened the man's eyes was a Sabbath.
15 Therefore the Pharisees also asked him how he had
received his sight. "He put mud on my eyes," the man
replied, "and I washed, and now I see." 16 Some of the
Pharisees said, "This man is not from God, for he does not
keep the Sabbath." But others asked, "How can a sinner
do such miraculous signs?" So they were divided. 17
Finally they turned again to the blind man, "What have you
to say about him? It was your eyes he opened." The man
replied, "He is a prophet." 18 The Jews still did not believe
that he had been blind and had received his sight until they
sent for the man's parents.
John 9:19-24
John 9:19 (NIV) "Is this your son?" they asked. "Is this the
one you say was born blind? How is it that now he can
see?" 20 "We know he is our son," the parents answered,
"and we know he was born blind. 21 But how he can see
now, or who opened his eyes, we don't know. Ask him. He
is of age; he will speak for himself." 22 His parents said
this because they were afraid of the Jews, for already the
Jews had decided that anyone who acknow-ledged that
Jesus was the Christ would be put out of the synagogue.
23 That was why his parents said, "He is of age; ask
him." 24 A second time they summoned the man who had
been blind. "Give glory to God,[A solemn charge to tell
the truth (see Joshua 7:19)]" they said. "We know this
man is a sinner."
John 9:25-30
John 9:25 (NIV) He replied, "Whether he is a sinner
or not, I don't know. One thing I do know. I was blind
but now I see!" 26 Then they asked him, "What did
he do to you? How did he open your eyes?" 27 He
answered, "I have told you already and you did not
listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you
want to become his disciples, too?" 28 Then they
hurled insults at him and said, "You are this fellow's
disciple! We are disciples of Moses! 29 We know
that God spoke to Moses, but as for this fellow, we
don't even know where he comes from." 30 The man
answered, "Now that is remarkable! You don't know
where he comes from, yet he opened my eyes."
John 9:31-36
John 9:31 (NIV) We know that God does not listen to
sinners. He listens to the godly man who does his
will. 32 Nobody has ever heard of opening the eyes
of a man born blind. 33 If this man were not from
God, he could do nothing." 34 To this they replied,
"You were steeped in sin at birth; how dare you
lecture us!" And they threw him out. 35 Jesus heard
that they had thrown him out, and when he found
him, he said, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?" 36
"Who is he, sir?" the man asked. "Tell me so that I
may believe in him."
John 9:37-41
John 9:36 (NIV) "Who is he, sir?" the man asked.
"Tell me so that I may believe in him." 37 Jesus said,
"You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one
speaking with you." 38 Then the man said, "Lord, I
believe," and he worshiped him. 39 Jesus said, "For
judgment I have come into this world, so that the
blind will see and those who see will become blind."
40 Some Pharisees who were with him heard him
say this and asked, "What? Are we blind too?" 41
Jesus said, "If you were blind, you would not be
guilty of sin; but now that you claim you can see,
your guilt remains."
Historicity of the Event
• Occasion
– At Jerusalem, whether Feast of Tabernacles (chs 7-8)
or Feast of Dedication (Hannukah, ch 10).
– Jesus & disciples see man born blind (presumably
begging, v 8)
• Disciples ask question about cause of ailment.
• Jesus heals him.
• Liberal explanations
– Invented?
– Psychosomatic?
Evidence of Historicity
• Terms: rabbi, Pharisees, Siloam
• Sabbath controversy, involving spittle and
clay making.
• Details of investigation, excommunication
• Hebraism "Give God the glory" (cp Joshua
7:19)
• Perceptive picture of human psychology
re/ blind man, parents, neighbors,
• Pharisees' behavior
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Growing faith of blind man
• Growing disbelief of
Pharisees (but still divided)
• Dispute among neighbors
over his identity
Old Testament Background
• Similar Miracles:
– No cases of healing blind narrated in OT
• Other:
– God makes blind and heals (Ex 4:11; Ps
146:8).
– Blind healed in eschaton (Isa 29:18; 35:5).
– To be healed by God's servant (Isa 42:7)
God Makes Blind and Heals
• Exod 4:11 (NIV) The LORD said to him,
"Who gave man his mouth? Who makes
him deaf or mute? Who gives him sight or
makes him blind? Is it not I, the LORD? 12
Now go; I will help you speak and will
teach you what to say."
• Psalm 146:8 (NIV) the LORD gives sight
to the blind, the LORD lifts up those who
are bowed down,the LORD loves the
righteous.
Blind Healed in Eschaton
• Isa 29:18 (NIV) In that day the deaf
will hear the words of the scroll, and
out of gloom and darkness the eyes
of the blind will see.
• Isa 35:5 (NIV) Then will the eyes of
the blind be opened and the ears of
the deaf unstopped.
Healed by God's Servant
• Isa 42:5 (NIV) This is what God the LORD saysn
he who created the heavens and stretched them
out, who spread out the earth and all that comes
out of it, who gives breath to its people, and life
to those who walk on it: 6 "I, the LORD, have
called you in righteousness; I will take hold of
your hand. I will keep you and will make you to
be a covenant for the people and a light for the
Gentiles, 7 to open eyes that are blind, to free
captives from prison and to release from the
dungeon those who sit in darkness."
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Fellow healed, but also faced persecution;
apparently came to salvation.
– Pharisees forced to deal w/ matter; refuse to
accept Christ's claims, so driven further away.
• Place in salvation history
– Again shows uniqueness of Christ in relation
to Moses, Elijah, Elisha (v 32).
– Also strong theme of judgment & deliverance.
Symbolic Elements
• Physical light & vision,
darkness & blindness stand for
spiritual (vv 5, 39-41; cp Isa
42:16-19; 59:10).
• Jesus makes clay  God
making clay to form man (Gen
2:7).
Raising Lazarus
John 11
John 11:1-6
John 11:1 (NIV) Now a man named Lazarus was sick.
He was from Bethany, the village of Mary and her
sister Martha. 2 This Mary, whose brother Lazarus
now lay sick, was the same one who poured perfume
on the Lord and wiped his feet with her hair. 3 So the
sisters sent word to Jesus, "Lord, the one you love is
sick." 4 When he heard this, Jesus said, "This
sickness will not end in death. No, it is for God's glory
so that God's Son may be glorified through it." 5
Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus. 6 Yet
when he heard that Lazarus was sick, he stayed
where he was two more days.
John 11:7-13
John 11:7 (NIV) Then he said to his disciples, "Let us
go back to Judea." 8 "But Rabbi," they said, "a short
while ago the Jews tried to stone you, and yet you are
going back there?" 9 Jesus answered, "Are there not
twelve hours of daylight? A man who walks by day will
not stumble, for he sees by this world's light. 10 It is
when he walks by night that he stumbles, for he has no
light." 11 After he had said this, he went on to tell them,
"Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep; but I am going
there to wake him up." 12 His disciples replied, "Lord,
if he sleeps, he will get better." 13 Jesus had been
speaking of his death, but his disciples thought he
meant natural sleep.
John 11:14-20
John 11:14 (NIV) So then he told them plainly,
"Lazarus is dead, 15 and for your sake I am glad I
was not there, so that you may believe. But let us go
to him." 16 Then Thomas (called Didymus) said to
the rest of the disciples, "Let us also go, that we may
die with him." 17 On his arrival, Jesus found that
Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days.
18 Bethany was less than two miles from Jerusalem,
19 and many Jews had come to Martha and Mary to
comfort them in the loss of their brother. 20 When
Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went out
to meet him, but Mary stayed at home.
John 11:21-27
John 11:21 (NIV) "Lord," Martha said to Jesus, "if
you had been here, my brother would not have died.
22 But I know that even now God will give you
whatever you ask." 23 Jesus said to her, "Your
brother will rise again." 24 Martha answered, "I know
he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day."
25 Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the
life. He who believes in me will live, even though he
dies; 26 and whoever lives and believes in me will
never die. Do you believe this?" 27 "Yes, Lord," she
told him, "I believe that you are the Christ, [Messiah]
the Son of God, who was to come into the world."
John 11:28-32
John 11:28 (NIV) And after she had said this, she went
back and called her sister Mary aside. "The Teacher is
here," she said, "and is asking for you." 29 When Mary
heard this, she got up quickly and went to him. 30 Now
Jesus had not yet entered the village, but was still at
the place where Martha had met him. 31 When the
Jews who had been with Mary in the house, comforting
her, noticed how quickly she got up and went out, they
followed her, supposing she was going to the tomb to
mourn there. 32 When Mary reached the place where
Jesus was and saw him, she fell at his feet and said,
"Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have
died."
John 11:33-39
John 11:33 (NIV) When Jesus saw her weeping, and
the Jews who had come along with her also weeping,
he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled. 34
"Where have you laid him?" he asked. "Come and
see, Lord," they replied. 35 Jesus wept. 36 Then the
Jews said, "See how he loved him!" 37 But some of
them said, "Could not he who opened the eyes of the
blind man have kept this man from dying?" 38 Jesus,
once more deeply moved, came to the tomb. It was a
cave with a stone laid across the entrance. 39 "Take
away the stone," he said. "But, Lord," said Martha, the
sister of the dead man, "by this time there is a bad
odor, for he has been there four days."
John 11:40-44
John 11:40 (NIV) Then Jesus said, "Did I not tell you
that if you believed, you would see the glory of
God?" 41 So they took away the stone. Then Jesus
looked up and said, "Father, I thank you that you
have heard me. 42 I knew that you always hear me,
but I said this for the benefit of the people standing
here, that they may believe that you sent me." 43
When he had said this, Jesus called in a loud voice,
"Lazarus, come out!" 44 The dead man came out,
his hands and feet wrapped with strips of linen, and
a cloth around his face. Jesus said to them, "Take off
the grave clothes and let him go."
John 11:45-50
John 11:45 (NIV) Therefore many of the Jews who had
come to visit Mary, and had seen what Jesus did, put
their faith in him. 46 But some of them went to the
Pharisees and told them what Jesus had done. 47 Then
the chief priests and the Pharisees called a meeting of
the Sanhedrin. "What are we accomplishing?" they
asked. "Here is this man performing many miraculous
signs. 48 If we let him go on like this, everyone will
believe in him, and then the Romans will come and take
away both our place [Or temple] and our nation." 49
Then one of them, named Caiaphas, who was high
priest that year, spoke up, "You know nothing at all! 50
You do not realize that it is better for you that one man
die for the people than that the whole nation perish."
John 11:51-53
John 11:51 (NIV) He did not say this on
his own, but as high priest that year he
prophesied that Jesus would die for the
Jewish nation, 52 and not only for that
nation but also for the scattered children
of God, to bring them together and make
them one. 53 So from that day on they
plotted to take his life.
Historicity of these Events
• Occasion
– Just a few months before crucifixion, at
end of Jesus' Perean ministry
– Jesus at Bethany beyond Jordan when
message reaches Him
– He waits two days before going to
Bethany near Jerusalem.
Liberal Explanations
• Lazarus not really dead:
– Resuscitation
– or Plot
• Parable of Lazarus & Rich
Man made into a narrative
• Myth or allegory
Evidence of Historicity
• Character of Mary and Martha matches
that in Luke.
• Location of Bethany near Jerusalem, other
place names.
• Details of narrative, including reaction of
enemies, reference to blind man (37).
Reaction of Eyewitnesses
• Many Jews who saw event
come to believe.
• Some report incident to
Pharisees.
Old Testament Background
• Similar miracles
–
–
–
–
Resurrection of widow's son (1 K 17) by Elijah
of Shunemite's son (2 K 4) by Elisha
of man by Elisha's bones (2 K 13)
All rather recently dead
• Other parallels
– Uncleanness conveyed by touching dead
(Num 19:11-12).
– Eschatological materials on resurrection (e.g.,
Dan 12:2; Isa 26:19)
– Explicit connection of this resurrection with
eschaton (23-26)
Significance
• Immediate effect
– Lazarus raised, family restored.
– Sets in motion decision of Sanhedrin
to kill Jesus.
• Place in salvation history
– Only addition to other resurrection
accounts is statement of Jesus as
Resurrection and Life.
Symbolic Elements
• Here eschatological significance
brought out in vv 23-26.
The End